-
1.
香囊
(scented
< br>sachet)
，
古代也称
“香
袋”
，
通常是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织的
袋
子，
里面塞满香草
(aromatic
herbs)
。
香囊最初用来吸汗、
驱虫和避邪。
香囊不仅
有
用，而且可作装饰品。它们的形状和大小各
异，有圆形、椭圆形和其他形状。它
们
通常配有精致的图案，每个图案都象征着特别的含义。例如，双鱼或成对蝴蝶
图案
象征男女之爱
;
莲花或牡丹花
(peony flower)
等图案象征女性<
/p>
;
松树和仙鹤
图案象
征长寿
;
石榴
< br>(guava)
图案象征很多孩子。
漂亮的香囊不仅是装
饰品，
而且
含有丰富
的文化和历史内涵。
翻译：Scented
sachets, also called “fragrant bags” in ancient
times,
are
bags
usually
sewed
with
cloth
or
weaved
with
multicolor
silk
threads
and
stuffed with aromatic herbs. The
fragrant bags were originally used for
absorbing sweat, repelling insects and
warding off evils. Scented sachets
are
not only useful, but also ornamental. They come in
different shapes and
sizes, such as
round, oval and many others. And they are normally
decorated
with
elaborate
patterns,
with
each
pattern
symbolizing
a
special
instance,a double-fish or double-
butterfly pattern smybolizes the love
between a man and a woman;patterns like
lotus or peony flowers symbolize
women;pine
and
crane
patterns
symbolize
longevity
and
a
guava
pattern
is
the
symbol
of
lots
of
children.A
nice
scented
sachet
is
not
just
an
ornament,but
more of
something that contains cultural and historical
richness.
2.
中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳
(yi
n-yang)
生万物”这一理念。这一
理念源于中国原始社会
，是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断
是“近看自己，
远观他人”。
要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术，
这一结论必不
可
少。人类的本能欲望
是生存并通过繁衍
(propagation)
继续存在。人生
来的首要
本
能是求生，然后是长寿。
从原始社会到今天，阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社
会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺
术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。
翻译：
Chinese
folk
art
and
Chinese
philosophy
are
unified
in
the
belief
that
yin-yang
produces
all
living
things
in
the
world.
Originated
in
Chinese
primitive society,
this was the philosophical explanation of human's
perception
of
life.
Chinese
ancestors
philosophical
conclusion
was
to
“look
at oneself up close
and other creatures from afar”，
which is
essential to
the
understanding
of
the
primitive
art
to
the
folk
art
of
the
nation.
To
live
and
to continue
life
through
propagation
are
the two instinctive
desires
of
human.
From
birth,
a
person's
first
instinct
is
to
survive,
and
then
to
live
a
long
life.
From
primitive
society
to
the
present
day,
the
view
of
yin-yang
and perpetual life has permeated in all
aspects of social life and the
national
culture of Chinese e folk art reflects all of the
basic philosophical
concepts.
3.
象棋
(Chinese
chess)
两人玩的棋盘游戏，
源于春秋战国
时期的军事战略。
早
期的象棋由三部
分组成
:
棋子、骰
(dice)
和棋盘。现代象棋没有骰子
,
它在棋子和棋<
/p>
盘方面与古代不同。
棋盘有
9
行宽、
10
行长，
共
90
个交叉点，
构成方形网格
(grid)
。
棋子在交叉点上落子或移动。对弈
者在棋盘进行象征性的军很战争，部署马匹、战
车，根据自己对棋局和游戏规则的理解组
织军队。目前，中国象棋已传至全世界，
进一步传承、发扬中国传统文化。
翻译：
Chinese chess is a two-
player board game sprang from military
strategies in the Spring and Autumn and
the Warring States periods. The
early-
stage Chinese chess consisted of three
components:chess pieces
，
dice
and board. There’s no dice in modem
Chinese chess. And tiie game is
dififerrait from its ancient
counteipart in tenns of pieces and
board
is
9
lines
wide
by
10
lines
long,
with
a
total
of
90
crossing
grids formed are square.
The pieces are placed and moved on the crossing
points. The two players conduct a
representational military battle on the
board by deploying horses and
chariots
and
organizing
troops
based
on
tbeir
understanding of the layout of die game
and the playing rules. Currently,
Chinese chess has been introduced to
the whole worid, giving a boost to the
effort to carry on and develop
traditional Chinese culture.
4.
围棋
是两位对弈者之间战略性的棋盘游戏
(board
game)
。围棋已有
3000
多<
/p>
年的历史，可以说是所有古代棋类游戏的起源。围棋的规则很简单，但是有数不尽
的策略。这就是围棋的魅力所在。下一盘围棋的时间短至
15
分钟，长至数天。但是
多数情况下，下一盘围棋需要一或两个小时。围棋是
综合科学、艺术和竞赛的游戏。
围棋对于智力发展、性格培养和灵活的策略学习非常有益
。难怪围棋已经流行了几
千年，并逐渐成为一项国际文化游戏。
翻译：
Weiqi
is
a
strategic
board
game
between
two
players.
With
a
history
of
over
3,000
years,
the
game
can
be
regarded
as
the
originator
of
all
ancient
chess rules of
Weiqi are very simple but there are countless
variations
of
is
where
the
beauty
of
the
game
lies.
The
time
for
one
round
of
weiqi
can
be
as
short
as
15
minutes
or
as
long
as
a
few
days.
In most
cases, though, it takes one or two hours to finish
one round. Weiqi
is a game that
combines science, art and competition. It's
beneficial for
intelligence
development, personality cultivation and flexible
strategy
learning.
It's
no
wonder
the
game
having
been
popular
for
thousands
of
years
and is gradually
becoming an international cultural
game.
5.
杂技
(acrobatics)
是展现高超的平衡技巧和动作协调能力的表演。杂技常和
广
泛使用体操技能的活动相联系，比如马戏
(circus)
、体操，但许多其他运动，如
武术、芭蕾和跳水也可能采用杂技元素
。吴桥是中国众所周知的杂技之乡。据说吴
桥的所有居民，从学步孩童到白发老人，都多
少会点杂技。年轻人在工作间隙练习
杂技。许多家庭都有独特的技艺代代相传。中国乃至
世界都有很多来自吴桥的杂技
演员。中国杂技界有句话叫做
:<
/p>
没有吴桥人不成杂技班。
翻译：
Acrobatics is the
performance that shows excellent skills of
balance and action coordination.
Acrobatics is most often associated with
activities that make extensiye use of
gymnastic skills, such as circus and
gymnastics, but many other
activities
，
such as
wushu,ballet and diving may
also adopt
elements of is well known as the hometown of
acrobatics in China. It is said that
all residents in Wuqiao, from kids
learning
to
walk
to
the
old
with
grey
some
acrobatics.
Young
people
practice
the art during the breaks from
families have their unique skills
handed down through generations. There
are acrobats from Wuqiao Aroughout
China, even the a Chinese acrobatics
field, if you don't have an
acrobat
from Wuqiao, you can't have an acrobatics
troupe.
1.
中国菜举世闻名
，而菜名更是诙谐有趣，妙趣横生，充满中国人的智慧。很多菜
名用字典雅瑰丽，充满吉
祥喜庆之气，诸如把豆苗
(bean seedling)
比作
“龙须”，
鸡蛋美名“芙蓉
(Confederate ros
e)
”或“凤凰”，鸡爪称“凤爪”，豆腐
(tofu)
叫成“白玉”，等。不少菜名豪华气派，美不可言，有种汤叫“珍珠玛瑙
(agate)
翡翠汤”，只是豆腐、番茄加青菜。一些含有祝贺或象征吉祥的菜名，
如竹笋炒排
骨是
“步步高升”
。
有些菜名采用的是成语，
萝卜丝上放根红辣
椒表示
“踏雪寻梅”
。
翻译：
Chinese
dishes
are
world-famous,
and
the
dish
names
are
humorous,
interesting
and
full
of
wits, fully
embodying
the wisdom of
Chinese
people.
Many dishes are named with
elegant and magnificent characters and are full
of auspicious and festive atmosphere.
For example, the bean seedling is
called
“dragon
beard”，
egg
is
called
“Confederate
rose”
or
“phoenix”，
chicken claw is
called “phoenix talon”，tofu is
called“white jade” and
so
dish
names
are
in
luxurious
style
and
their
beauty
is
beyond
words.
For
example
，there is a soup called “soup of
pearl, agate and jade”，
but
its ingredients are only tofu, tomatoes
and vegetables. Some dish names
express
congratulation
or
symbolize
auspiciousness,
such
as
pork
ribs
fried
with
bamboo
shoots
is
called
“higher
and
higher'
Some
dish
names
are
idioms，
such
as
turnip
strips
with
a
red
pepper
is
called
“looking
for
plum
flowers
while
t
reading on the snow”.
2.
景德
镇
(Jingdezhen)
位于江西省东北部，以瓷器而闻名
，历来被誉为中国的
“千年瓷都”。
在景德镇出产的各类瓷器中，
尤以青花瓷
(blue
and
white
porcela
in)
最为突出。清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期，景德镇青花瓷以其烧造精致而独占鳌头。新
中国成立后，在景德镇设立了人民瓷厂
(People's
Porcelain Factory)
专门生产青
花瓷。景德
镇青花瓷造型优美，色彩绚丽，装饰精美，是景德镇四大传统名瓷之一，
素有“永不凋谢
的青花”之称。青花瓷远销世界各地，受到世界人民的喜爱。
翻译：
Jingdezhen
，
located
in
the
northeast
of
Jiangxi
Province
，
is
famous
for
porcelain
and
is
honored
as
“home
of
porcelain
for
thousands
of
years”
in China. Among
different types of porcelain produced in
Jingdezhen
，
blue
and white porcelain is the most
renowned. Blue and white porcelain reached
its
peak
in
the
Qing
and
white
porcelain
from
Jingdezhen
ranked
first for its fine production. After
new China was founded, People's
Porcelain
Factory
was
set
up
in
Jingdezhen
to
produce
blue
and
white
porcelain
specially. Blue and white porcelain
from Jingdezhen is elegantly
shaped
，
rich in color and
delicately decorated. It is one of the four famous
traditional types of porcelain in
Jingdezhen, and enjoys the reputation of