-
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
Section I
Use of English
Directions:
Read
the following text. Choose the best word(s) for
each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or
D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Read the following text. Choose the
best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
(10 points)
The ethical
judgments of the Supreme Court justices have
become an
important issue recently. The
court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the
rule of law _2_ justices behave like
politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices
acted in ways that _3_
the
court’s reputation for being independent and
impartial.
Justice Antonin Scalia, for example,
appeared at political events. That kind of
activity makes it less likely that the
court’s decisi
ons will be _4_ as
impartial
judgments. Part of the
problem is that the justices are not _5_by an
ethics code.
At the very least, the
court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct
that _7_to
the rest of the federal
judiciary.
This and other
similar cases _8_the question of whether there is
still a
_9_between the court and
politics.
The framers of the
Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority
apart
from politics. They gave justices
permanent positions _11_they would be free to
_12_ those in power and have no need to
_13_ political support. Our legal system
was designed to set law apart from
politics precisely because they are so closely
_14_.
Constitutional law is political because
it results from choices rooted in
fundamental social _15_ like liberty
and property. When the court deals with
social policy decisions, the law it
_16_ is inescapably political-which is why
decisions split along ideological lines
are so easily _17_ as unjust.
1
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
The
justices must _18_
doubts about the
court’s legitimacy by
making
themselves _19_ to the code of conduct.
That would make rulings more likely to
be seen as separate from politics and,
_20_, convincing as law.
1. [A]emphasize
[B]maintain
[C]modify
[D]
recognize
2. [A]when
[B]lest
[C]before
[D]
unless
3. [A]restored
[B]weakened
[C]established
[D]
eliminated
4. [A]challenged
[B]compromised
[C]suspected
[D]
accepted
5.
[A]advanced
[B]caught
[C]bound
[D]founded
6. [A]resistant
[B]subject
[C]immune
[D]prone
7.
[A]resorts
[B]sticks
[C]loads
[D]applies
8.
[A]evade
[B]raise
[C]deny
[D]settle
9.
[A]line
[B]barrier
[C]similarity
[D]conflict
10.
[A]by
[B]as
[C]though
[D]towards
11.
[A]so
[B]since
[C]provided
[D]though
12.
[A]serve
[B]satisfy
[C]upset
[D]replace
13.
[A]confirm
[B]express
[C]cultivate
[D]offer
14.
[A]guarded
[B]followed
[C]studied
[D]tied
15.
[A]concepts
[B]theories
[C]divisions
[D]conceptions
16.
[A]excludes
[B]questions
[C]shapes
[D]controls
17.
[A]dismissed
[B]released
[C]ranked
[D]distorted
18.
[A]suppress
[B]exploit
[C]address
[D]ignore
19. [A]accessible
[B]amiable
[C]agreeable
[D]accountable
20. [A]by all
mesns
[B]atall costs
[C]in a word
[D]as
a result
Section II
Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read
the following four texts. Answer the questions
below each text by choosing
A, B, C or
D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40
points)
2
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
Text 1
Come
on
–Everybody’s
doing
it.
That
whispered
message,
half
invitation
and
half
forcing,
is what most of us think of when we hear the
words peer pressure.
It
usually leads to
no good-drinking,
drugs and casual sex. But in her new book
Join the Club
, Tina
Rosenberg
contends
that
peer
pressure
can
also
be
a
positive
force
through
what
she
calls the
social
cure,
in
which
organizations
and
officials
use
the
power
of
group
dynamics
to
help
individuals improve their lives and
possibly the word.
Rosenberg, the
recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of
example of the social cure in
action:
In
South
Carolina,
a
state-sponsored
antismoking
program
called Rage
Against the
Haze sets out to
make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-
prevention initiative known
as LoveLife
recruits young people to promote safe sex among
their peers.
The idea seems
promising
，
and Rosenberg is a
perceptive observer. Her
critique of
the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is
spot-on: they fail to
mobilize peer
pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate
a seriously
flawed understanding of
psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t
smoke!”
pleads one billboard campaign
aimed at reducing smoking among
teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing
more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues
convincingly that public-health
advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,
so skilled at applying peer
pressure.
But on the general
effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is
less
persuasive.
Join the
Club
is filled with too much irrelevant
detail and not enough
exploration of
the social and biological factors that make peer
pressure so
powerful. The most glaring
flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is
that it
doesn’t work very well for very
long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state
funding was cut. Evidence that the
LoveLife program produces lasting changes is
limited and mixed.
There’s no doubt that our peer groups
exert enormous influence on our behavior. An
emerging body of research shows that
positive health habits-as well as negative ones-
spread
through networks of friends via
social communication. This is a subtle form of
peer pressure:
we unconsciously imitate
the behavior we see every day.
Far less
certain, however, is how successfully experts and
bureaucrats can select our peer
groups
and steer their activities in virtuous directions.
It’s like the teacher w
ho breaks up
the troublemakers in the back row by
pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The
tactic never really works. And that’s
the problem with a social cure engineered from the
outside: in the real world, as in
school, we insist on choosing our own friends.
21. According to the first paragraph,
peer pressure often emerges as
[A] a supplement to the social
cure
[B] a stimulus to group
dynamics
3
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
[C] an obstacle to school
progress
[D] a cause of
undesirable behaviors
22. Rosenberg holds that public
advocates should
[A] recruit
professional advertisers
[B]
learn from advertisers’ experience
[C] stay away from commercial
advertisers
[D] recognize
the limitations of advertisements
23. In the author’s view,
Rosenberg’s book fails to
[A] adequately probe social and
biological factors
[B]
effectively evade the flaws of the social cure
[C] illustrate the
functions of state funding
[D]produce a long-lasting social
effect
24.
Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of
behaviors
[A] is harmful to
our networks of friends
[B]
will mislead behavioral studies
[C] occurs without our realizing it
[D] can produce negative
health habits
25. The author suggests in the last
paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is
[A] harmful
[B] desirable
[C]
profound
[D]
questionable
Text 2
A
deal
is a
deal-
except,
apparently
,when
Entergy
is
involved.
The
company,
a major
energy
supplier
in
New
England,
provoked
justified
outrage
in
Vermont
last
week
when
it
announced
it
was
reneging
on
a
longstanding
commitment
to
abide
by
the
strict
nuclear
regulations.
Instead,
the
company
has
done
precisely
what
it
had
long
promised
it
would
not
challenge the constitutionality of
Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a
desperate
effort to keep its Vermont
Yankee nuclear powe
r plant running.
It’s a stunning move.
The
conflict
has
been
surfacing
since
2002,
when
the
corporation
bought
Vermont’s
only
nuclear
power
plant,
an
aging
reactor
in
Vernon.
As
a
condition
of
receiving
state
approval
for
the
sale,
the
company
agreed
to
seek
permission
from
state
regulators
to
4
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
operate past 2012. In 2006, the state
went a step further, requiring that any extension
of the
plant’s
license be
subject
to
Vermont
legislature’s
approval.
Then,
too,
the
company
went
along.
Either Entergy never real
ly
intended to live by those commitments, or it
simply didn’t
foresee
what
would
happen
next.
A
string
of
accidents,
including
the
partial
collapse
of
a
cooling
tower
in
207
and
the
discovery
of
an
underground
pipe
system
leakage,
raised
serious
questions
about
both
Vermont
Yankee’s
safety
and
Entergy’s
management–
especially
after
the
company
made
misleading
statements
about
the
pipe.
Enraged
by
Entergy’s
behavior,
the
Vermont
Senate
voted
26
to
4
last
year
against
allowing
an
extension.
Now the company
is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is
invalid because of
the
2006
legislation,
and
that
only
the
federal
government
has
regulatory
power
over
nuclear
issues.
The
legal
issues
in
the
case
are
obscure:
whereas
the
Supreme
Court
has
ruled that states do have some
regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal
scholars say
that
Vermont
case
will
offer
a
precedent-setting
test
of
how
far
those
powers
extend.
Certainly, there are
valid concerns about the patchwork regulations
that could result if every
state
sets
its
own
rules.
But
had
Entergy
kept
its
word,
that
debate
would
be
beside
the
point.
The
company seems to have concluded that its
reputation in Vermont is
already so
damaged that it has noting left to lose by going
to war with the state.
But there should
be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant
is a poblic
trust. Entergy runs 11
other reactors in the United States, including
Pilgrim
Nuclear station in Plymouth.
Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has
applied for federal permission to keep
it open for another 20 years. But as the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
reviews the company’s application, it
should keep it mind what promises from
Entergy are worth.
26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line .1)
is closest in meaning to
[A] condemning.
[B] reaffirming.
[C] dishonoring.
[D] securing.
27.
By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy
intended to
[A] obtain
protection from Vermont regulators.
[B] seek favor from the federal
legislature.
[C] acquire an
extension of its business license .
[D] get permission to purchase a power
plant.
5
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统
一考试英语（一）
28. According to
Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with
its
[A] managerial
practices.
[B] technical
innovativeness.
[C]
financial goals.
[D]
business vision
29. In the author’s view,
th
e Vermont case will test
[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all
its promises.
[B] the mature
of states’ patchwork regulations.
[C] the federal authority over nuclear
issues .
[D] the limits of
states’ power over nuclear issues.
30. It can be inferred
from the last paragraph that
[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might
be affected.
[B] the
authority of the NRC will be defied.
[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth
application.
[D] Vermont’s
reputation might be damaged.
Text 3
In the idealized version of how science
is done, facts about the world are waiting to be
observed and collected by objective
researchers who use the scientific method to carry
out
their
work.
But
in
the
everyday
practice
of
science,
discovery
frequently
follows
an
ambiguous and complicated route. We aim
to be objective, but we cannot escape the context
of
our
unique
life experience.
Prior
knowledge
and
interest
influence
what
we experience,
what we think our experiences mean, and
the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for
misinterpretation, error, and self-
deception abound.
Consequently,
discovery claims should be thought of as
protoscience. Similar to newly
staked
mining
claims,
they
are
full
of
potential.
But
it
takes
collective
scrutiny
and
acceptance
to
transform
a
discovery
claim
into
a
mature
discovery.
This
is
the
credibility
process, through
which the individual researcher’s
me,
here, now
becomes the
community’s
anyone, anywhere,
anytime
. Objective knowledge is the
goal, not the starting point.
Once a
discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer
receives intellectual credit. But,
unlike
with
mining
claims,
the
community
takes
control
of
what happens
next.
Within the
complex social
structure of the scientific community, researchers
make discoveries; editors
and reviewers
act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication
process; other scientists use
the new
finding to suit their own purposes; and finally,
the public (including other scientists)
receives
the
new
discovery
and
possibly
accompanying
technology.
As
a
discovery
claim
works
it
through
the
community,
the
interaction
and
confrontation
between
shared
and
6
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
competing beliefs about the science and
the technology involved transforms an individual’s
discovery claim into the community’s
credible discovery.
Two
paradoxes exist throughout this credibility
process. First, scientific
work tends
to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge
that is viewed as
incomplete or
incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication
and confirmation
of what is already
known and believed. The goal is
new-
search
,
not re-search.
Not
surprisingly, newly
published discovery claims and credible
discoveries that
appear to be important
and convincing will always be open to challenge
and
potential modification or
refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty
itself
frequently provokes disbelief.
Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert
Azent-
Gyorgyi once described
discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and
thinking what nobody has thought.” But
thinking what nobody else has thought
and telling others what they have
missed may not change their views. Sometimes
years are required for truly novel
discovery claims to be accepted and
appreciated.
In
the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery
claim
–
a process that
corresponds to
what
philosopher
Annette
Baier
has
described
as
the
commons
of
the
mind
.
“We
reason
together,
challenge,
revise,
and
complete
each
other’s
reasoning
and
each
other’s
conceptions of reason.”
31. According to the first
paragraph, the process of discovery is
characterized by
its
[A] uncertainty and
complexity.
[B]
misconception and deceptiveness.
[C] logicality and
objectivity.
[D]
systematicness and regularity.
32. It can be inferred
from Paragraph 2 that credibility process
requires
[A] strict
inspection.
[B]shared
efforts.
[C] individual
wisdom.
[D]persistent
innovation.
aph
3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible
after it
[A] has attracted
the attention of the general public.
[B]has been examined by the scientific
community.
[C] has received
recognition from editors and reviewers.
[D]has been frequently quoted by peer
scientists.
7
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
34. Albert Szent-
Gy?rgyi would most likely agree that
[A] scientific claims will survive
challenges.
[B]discoveries
today inspire future research.
[C] efforts to make discoveries are
justified.
[D]scientific
work calls for a critical mind.
of the following would be
the best title of the test?
[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific
Development.
[B]Collective
Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.
[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing
Science.
[D]Challenge to
Credibility at the Gate to Science.
Text 4
If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were
alive today, he would probably
represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s
Teamsters were in their prime in 1960,
only one in ten American government
workers belonged to a union; now 36% do.
In 2009 the number of unionists in
America’s public sector passed that of their
fellow members in the private sector.
In Britain, more than half of public-sector
workers but only about 15% of private-
sector ones are unionized.
There are three reasons for the
public-
sector unions’ thriving. First,
they can
shut things down without
suffering much in the way of consequences. Second,
they are mostly bright and
well-
educated. A quarter of America’s
public
-sector
workers have a
university degree. Third, they now dominate left-
of-centre
politics. Some of their ties
go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its
name
implies, has long been associated
with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed
Miliband, owes his position to votes
from public-sector unions.
At the state level their influence can
be even more fearsome. Mark
Baldassare
of the Public Policy Institute of California
points out that much of the
state’s
budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’
unio
ns keep an eye on
schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a
variety of labor groups on health care.
In many rich countries average wages in
the state sector are higher than in
the
private one. But the real gains come in benefits
and work practices.
Politicians
h
ave repeatedly “backloaded”
public
-sector pay deals, keeping the
pay increases modest but adding to
holidays and especially pensions that are
already generous.
Reform has been vigorously opposed,
perhaps most egregiously in
education,
where charter schools, academies and merit pay all
faced drawn-out
8
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
battles. Even though there is plenty of
evidence that the quality of the teachers is
the most important variable, teachers’
unions have fought against getting rid of
bad ones and promoting good
ones.
As the cost to
everyone else has become clearer, politicians have
begun to
clamp down. In Wisconsin the
unions have rallied thousands of supporters
against Scott Walker, the hardline
Republican governor. But many within the
public sector suffer under the current
system, too.
John Donahue
at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the
norms of
culture in Western civil
services suit those who want to stay put but is
bad for
high achievers. The only
American public-sector workers who earn well above
$$250,000 a year are university sports
coaches and the president of the United
States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have
attracted much criticism, but a
public-
sector system that does not reward high achievers
may be a much bigger
problem for
America.
36.
It can be learned from the first paragraph
that
[A] Teamsters still
have a large body of members.
[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil
servant.
[C] unions have
enlarged their public-sector
membership.
[D]the
government has improved its relationship with
unionists.
37.
Which of the following is true of Paragraph
2?
[A] Public-sector unions
are prudent in taking actions.
[B] Education is required for public-
sector union membership.
[C]
Labor Party has long been fighting against public-
sector unions.
[D]Public-
sector unions seldom get in trouble for their
actions.
38. It
can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in
the state sector is
[A]
illegally secured.
[B]
indirectly augmented.
[C]
excessively increased.
[D]fairly adjusted.
39. The example of the
unions in Wisconsin shows that unions
[A]often run against the current
political system.
[B]can
change people’s political attitudes.
[C]may be a barrier to public-sector
reforms.
[D]are dominant in
the government.
9
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统
一考试英语（一）
40.
John Donahue’s attitude towards the
public
-sector system is one
of
[A]disapproval.
[B]appreciation.
[C]tolerance.
[D]indifference.
Part B
Directions:
In
the following text, some sentences have been
removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the
most suitable one from the list A-G to
fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are
two
extra choices, which do not fit in
any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER
SHEET1.
（
10
points
）
Think of
those fleeting moments when you look out of an
aeroplane window and
realise that you
are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your
laptop, thinner than a
brown-paper
envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your
hand. Take a moment or two to
wonder at
those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a
dream come true.
The second half of the
20th century saw a collection of geniuses,
warriors,
entrepreneurs and visionaries
labour to create a fabulous machine that could
function as a
typewriter and printing
press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery,
piano and radio,
the mail as well as
the mail carrier. (41)
The networked
computer is an amazing device, the first media
machine that serves as
the mode of
production, means of distribution, site of
reception, and place of praise and
critique. The computer is the 21st
century's culture machine.
But for all
the reasons there are to celebrate the computer,
we must also tread with
caution. (42)I
call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most
people do not realise that there
are
strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in
passive consumption mode. Second,
the
majority of people who use networked computers to
upload are not even aware of the
significance of what they are doing.
All animals download, but only a few
upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests.
Yet for the most part, the animal
kingdom moves through the world downloading.
Humans
are unique in their capacity to
not only make tools but then turn around and use
them t
o
create superfluous
material goods - paintings, sculpture and
architecture - and superfluous
experiences - music, literature,
religion and philosophy. (43)
For all
the possibilities of our new culture machines,
most people are still stuck in
download
mode. Even after the advent of widespread social
media, a pyramid of production
remains,
with a small number of people uploading material,
a slightly larger group
10
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
commenting on or modifying that
content, and a huge percentage remaining content
to just
consume. (44)
Television is a one-way tap flowing
into our homes. The hardest task that television
asks of anyone is to turn the power off
after he has turned it on.
(45)
What counts as meaningful uploading? My
definition revolves around the concept of
[A] Of course,
it is precisely these superfluous things that
define human culture
and ultimately
what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming
culture
requires great skills, but
failing to move beyond downloading is to strip
oneself
of a defining constituent of
humanity.
[B] Applications
like , which allow users to combine pictures,
words
and other media in creative ways
and then share them, have the potential to add
stickiness by amusing, entertaining and
enlightening others.
[C] Not
only did they develop such a device but by the
turn of the millennium
they had also
managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed
by billions of
people every
day.
[D] This is because the
networked computer has sparked a secret war
between downloading
and uploading -
between passive consumption and active creation -
whose outcome will
shape our collective
future in ways we can only begin to imagine.
[E] The challenge the computer mounts
to television thus bears little similarity to one
format
being replaced by another in the
manner of record players being replaced by CD
players.
[F] One reason for the
persistence of this pyramid of production is that
for the past
half-century, much of the
world's media culture has been defined by a single
medium -
television - and television is
defined by downloading.
[G]The
networked computer offers the first chance in 50
years to reverse the flow, to
encourage
thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly,
meaningful uploading.
Part
C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and
then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Your translation should be
written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10
points)
Since the
days of Aristotle, a search for universal
principles has characterized
the
scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest
for commonalities defines
science.
Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution
each bind a host of
different phenomena
into a single explicatory frame work.
(
46)
In physics,
one approach takes this impulse for unification to
its extreme,
and seeks a theory of
everything
—
a single
generative equation for all we is
11
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学
统一考试英语（一）
becoming less
clear, however, that such a theory would be a
simplification, given
the dimensions
and universes that it might entail, nonetheless,
unification of sorts
remains a major
goal.
This tendency in the
natural sciences has long been evident in the
social
sciences too.
(
47)
Here, Darwinism seems to
offer justification for it all humans
share common origins it seems
reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity
could
also be traced to more
constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering
variety of
human courtship rituals
might all be considered forms of sexual selection,
perhaps
the world’s languages, music,
so
cial and religious customs and even
history are
governed by universal
features. (
48)
To filter out
what is unique from what is
shared
might enable us to understand how complex cultural
behavior arose and
what guides it in
evolutionary or cognitive terms.
That, at least, is the hope. But a
comparative study of linguistic traits
published online today supplies a
reality check. Russell Gray at the University of
Auckland and his colleagues consider
the evolution of grammars in the light of two
previous attempts to find universality
in language.
The most famous
of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky,
who
suggested that humans are born with
an innate
language
—
acquisition
capacity
that dictates a universal
grammar. A few generative rules are then
sufficient to
unfold the entire
fundamental structure of a language, which is why
children can
learn it so
quickly.
(49)
The
second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more
empirical approach to
universality
identifying traits (particularly in word order)
shared by many
language which are
considered to represent biases that result from
cognitive
constraints
Gray and his colleagues have put them
to the test by examining four family
trees that between them represent more
than 2,000
languages.(
50)
Chomsky’s
grammar should show patterns of
language change that are independent of the
family tree or the pathway tracked
through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality
predicts strong co-dependencies between
particular types of word-order relations.
Neither of these patterns is borne out
by the analysis, suggesting that the
structures of the languages are lire
age-specific and not governed by
universals
Section III Writing
Part A
51.
Directions:
Some internationals
students are coming to your university. Write them
an
email in the
name of the
Students’ Union to
1)
extend
your welcome and
2)
provide
some suggestions for their campus life
here.
12
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
You should write about 100 words on
ANSWER not sign your name
at the end
of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address(10
points)
Part
B
52.
Directions:
write an essay of 160-200 words based
on the following drawing. In your
essay
you should
1) describe the drawing
briefly
2) explain its intended
meaning, and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER
SHEET2.
（
20
points
）
1.
【答
案】
B
【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“
_ _
法官表现得像政治家”
的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法
卫士的形象，所以应该选
C,maintain
“维持，保持”
，其他显然语义不通。
2.
【答案】
A
13
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
【解析】
从第三段可以看出，
文章认为法院和政治之间应该是有界限的。
所
以这里应该是当法官像政治家一样行事，
模糊了二者之间的区别时，
就失去了其
作为法律卫士的合法性。只有
B
，
when
表示这个意思。
3.
【答
案】
B
【解析】
第二段给的具体事例说明，
法
官出现在政治活动中会使法官形象受
损，影响他们独立、公正的名声。只有
B
，
weaken
能表示这
个意思。
4.
【答案】
D
【解析】
空前信息显示，
法官出席政治活动会让法院的审判收到影响，
人
们
就会认为其审判不公正，所以选
D
，
be accepted
as...
“被认为是”。
5.
【答案】
C
【
解析】空所在的语境为：产生这样的问题，部分原因在于“法官没有
_ _
道德规范”
。
后一句话说，
至少法院应该遵守行为规范，
这显然是进一步说明上
一句话。所
以上一句是说法官没有受到道德规范的约束，选
C
，
bound
。
6.
【答案】
B
【
解析】
根据解析
5
可以看出，
这里应该是说遵守行为规范，
subject
与
to
连用，表示“服从某物，受…支配”。故本题选
B
。
7.
【答案】
D
14
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
【解析】分析句子结构可知，这里
是由
that
引导的定语从句修饰说明前面
的行为规范，
是说法院也应当遵守适用于其他联邦司法部的行为规范。
apply to
“适用于”符合题意。
resort to
“求助于”
;stick to
“坚
持
(
原则等
)
”语意不
通。
8.
【答案】
B
【
解析】
空所在的语境为，
类似这样的案例提出了这样一个问题：
法院和政
治之间是否还存在着界限。提出问题，产生问题用只能
选
raise
。
9.
【答
案】
A
【解析】根据第
8
题可知，空内应填<
/p>
line
，“界限”。
barrier
“障碍”，
simi
larity
“相似性”，
conflict
< br>“冲突”都不合题意。
<
/p>
10.
【答案】
B
【解析】
根据句意，
宪法的起草者们预想的是将司法从政治中分出来，
让其
享有独立的权力。
envision as
“将…想象成…”。所以选
B
。
< br>
11.
< br>【答案】
A
【解析】
本题考察逻辑搭配。
本选项答案的确定需结合前句意思，
制宪者旨
在使法律不受政治的任何影响，
这样一来，
法官就可以免受掌权
者的影响了。
此
空就是考察由此所带来的结果，故选
[A]
。
12.
【答案】
C
15
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
【解析】
此题承接上题，
可知法律不受政治的影响，
从而法官也不用担心
掌
权者
(those in
power)
。
13.
【答案】
C
【解析】此题承接上题
,
结合句意
,
可知该半句主要表达“法
官也无需政治
支持了。”选项
C
最符题
意。
1
4.
【答案】
D
【解析】
此题考察词意辨析。
原句表达“我们的法律体系是法律完全不受政
治的影响，是因为这两者是紧密。。。”。结合句意思，
[D]
最合题意
.
15.
【答案】
A
【解析】此题考察词意辨析。文中说“宪法具有政治性，是因其的选择都是
植根于诸如自
由，财产之类的基本社会。。。中。”自由，财产是西方社会的一
些基本社会理念或概念
，故选
[A]
。
16.
【
答案】
C
【解析】
此题考察词意辨析。
首先分析
该句，
可知空白处添加上一动词可构
成一定语从句，限定“
the law
”。其次，文中语境表达“当法律处理社会政策
决策问题时，。。。的法律不可避免的具有政治性。四个选项中，
[
C]
为最佳答
案。
17.
【
答案】
A
16
2012
年全国硕士研究生入学
统一考试英语（一）
【解析】此题考察词意辨析。可由文中语境得知，该半句主要表达“这也就
解释了为何背离思想路线的决策被看作是不公正的，
从而被轻易的…
.
”
。
结合语
境，以及四个选项的意思，可知
[A]
最佳。
18.
【答案】
C
【解析】
此题考察词意辨析。
由文中语境可知该句主要表达
“法官必须。
。
。
有关法庭
(
裁决的
)
公正合理的质疑。”四个选项中，仅
< br>[C]
符合题意。
19.
【答案】
D
【解析】本题考察短语搭配及相似短语辨析。四个选项均可与连用，其中
accessible to <
/p>
易接近的
;
可归属的
;
可得到的可归因的
amiable
to
可亲，多指人和蔼可亲，易于接近
agreeable to
欣然同意的
;
适合的，适宜的
accountable
to
对…负责
此题的理解需承接整个句
,
首先此空所在后半句乃一方式状语，
承接前半句
说明法官怎样来解决有关法庭
(
裁决的
)
公正合理的质疑。将此四个选项分别代
入，可得出正确答案
[D]
，法官只有对对行为准则负责，也即是遵循一定的行为<
/p>
准则才可确保其裁决的公正与合理。
20.
【答案】
D
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：4月外刊经贸知识选读自考试题
下一篇：经典日语歌曲老歌排行