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大英四级-快速阅读Skimming_and_Scanning

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2021-02-10 13:30
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2021年2月10日发(作者:甲乙酮)


附件:大学英语高分秘诀之



阅读理解



第一部分:大学英语四级阅读



I




快速阅读(


Skimming and Scanning)


做题技巧与练习




快速阅读


(Skimming and Scanning)< /p>


题量为


10


题,


1



7


题为是非判断或选择题,



8



10



为完成句子


(


填空题


)









采用一至两篇较长篇幅的文章或多篇短文,总长度在


1000


左右。



要求:考生运用

略读



查读


的技能从篇章中获取信 息。



题型:是非判断、


选择题



句子填空完成句子


等。



快速阅读



(Skimming and Scanning)



什么是




s kimming



?


略读

< p>


快读或简略地读



< /p>


目的:


以浏览全文的方法去


了解作者的主 题或主旨



以便对全文有个总体意思和结构的了解。

< p>


速度


:普通速度的


2< /p>


倍。



方法


:< /p>


可略去一些文字不读,


如读者感觉到已抓住内容的主要意思,


可以省去半个段落甚至


更多部分不读;把主要精力放在关键词和关键 句上。



需要仔细阅读的地方



文章的开始段及结束段;


每段的段首句及段尾句。


“工



字型阅读法)

< p>



什么是


< p>


scanning




?


查询阅读



Scanning




查询阅读又称


查读



寻读


。 也是一种快读。但不同于略读。



目的:


为寻找文章中某些特定的信息


带着问题去寻找答案


,如数字、 人名、地名、某一细节


等。



方法:< /p>


读者首先确定所要搜寻的信息的关键词进行快速


寻读


,忽略无关部分。



1


、快速阅读的应试策略



1.1


文章分类




1)


带小标题的文章


:


文章每一部分


,


都有一个总括性的小标题


,


小标题一般概括这一部分的


主题


;


2)


不带小标题的文章


:


没有明显的每一部分的分隔


,


需通过略读找出主 题句或主题词


(


特别


关注首段或段尾< /p>


).



2.


命题规律



规律一


:



问题设置顺序与行文顺序基本一致


;


规律二


:



问题通常为文章的主要内容及与主要内容紧密联系的细节


;


规律三


:


包含数字

< br>,


年代


,


人名

< br>,


地名


,


机构名称等显著信息及 用于描述或修饰主要内容的从句


,


短语等往往是命题的重点


.


3


、快速阅读选择题的做法



做法与深度阅读题型相似,


但是难度相对较低,


正确的选项往往是原文内容的直接重现,



者是简单的同义替换 。一般只要根据题干信息准确定位,就可以比较轻松地找出正确选项。



快速阅读做题技巧



建议先读题目,< /p>


后看文章,


同时根据题目设想一下文章可能涉及的内容,


以及所使用的


词汇量的类型与范围,乃至题目涉及到的关键性的词汇。< /p>



Opportunities meet the prepared mind.


机会垂青那些有准备的人。




1


附件:大学英语高分秘诀之



阅读理解



看完问题后,


在阅读的过程中,


直接在原文中找问题中比较重要的单词所在,


这样基本


上就可以知道答案所在,因为问题一般都是从原文上直接摘下来的。




快速阅读做题方法



i)




Skimming


方法快速掌握文章的主旨及文章结构。



ii)


快速浏览每个题(无需看选项)


,将每个题的关键词划出来。



iii)

开始做题,


遵循先易后难的原则,


先做相对容易的题目,< /p>


(


如,


题目中有


1951



September


11



Silicon


等,是一目了然的< /p>


)


,根据题目的关键词用


Scannin g


快速找到该题所在的句子,


然后仔细阅读该句如需要还要读该 句的上下文做出判断。



5.


填空题的命题思路



思路一


:


有时填入空白处的代词、名 词的单复数或动词的时态需要根据题干信息进行调整。




思路二


:


有时与空格相邻的单词是判 断应填入信息的关键。


出题人会在中间加入修饰成分或


插入语, 给考生判断应填信息造成困难。




快速阅读填空题练习



原文:


Today, people are no longer afraid to be forgotten during their waiting for chance.


题干:


In the past, people________________________during waiting for chance.










原文为一般现在时,但题干中有时间状语


in


the


past,


所以应把原文的 时态改为过去时,即


应填入的应是


were afraid to be forgotten





原文:


The solution turned out to be advertising, and it’s not an exaggeration to say that Google is


now essentially an advertising company, given that’s the source of nearly all


its revenue.



题干:


The revenue of the Google company is largely generated from___________________.



“< /p>


that


”代指原文前半部分中的


adv ertising,


即为应填入空格的信息。

















快速阅读(


Skimming and Scanning)


练习


:





Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)









(15 minutes)


Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on


Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For


questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.


例文



1



There’s an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us


get up each morning already weary over the day holds. “I just can’t get started,” people say. But


it’s not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we


could all use extra sleep and a better diet.


But


in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if


you long for more energy


, the problem is not with your body


.











What


you’re


seeking


is


not


physical


energy.


It’s


emotional


energy.


Y


et,


sad


to


say,


life


sometimes seems designed to exhaust our supply. We work too hard. We have family obligations.


We encounter emergencies and personal crises. No wonder so many of us suffer from emotional


fatigue, a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit.







Opportunities meet the prepared mind.


机会垂青那些有准备的人。




2


附件:大学英语高分秘诀之



阅读理解







And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of


their


lives.


Even


as


a


child,


I


observed


people


who


were


poor,


or


disabled,


or


ill,


but


who


nonetheless


faced


life


with


optimism


and


vigor.


Consider


Laura


Hillenbrand,


who,


despite


an


extremely


weak


body, wrote


the


best-seller


Seabiscuit


.


Hillenbrand


barely


had


enough


physical


energy


to


drag


herself


out


of


bed to write.


But


she was


fueled


by


having


a story


she wanted to


share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed.











Unlike


physical


energy,


which


is


finite


and


diminishes


with


age,


emotional


energy


is


unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. So how do you get it? Y


ou can’t simply


tell yourself to be positive. Y


ou must take action. Here are six practical strategies that work.











1. Do something new.











V


ery


little


that’s


new


occurs


in


our


lives.


The


impact


of


this


sameness


on


our


emotional


energy


is


gradual,


but


huge:


It’s


like


a


tire


with


a


slow


leak.


Y


ou


don’t


notice


it


at


first,


but


eventually you’ll get a flat. It’s up to you to plug the leak—


even though there are always a dozen


reasons


to


stay


stuck


in


your


dull


routines


of


life.


That’s


where


Maura,


36,


a


waitress,


found


herself a year ago.











Fortunately,


M


aura had a lifeline



a group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss


their


lives.


Their


lively


discussions spurred


M


aura


to


make


small


but


nevertheless


life


altering


changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with a short haircut and new


black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business.











Here’s


a challenge:


If


it’s


something


you wouldn’t


ordinarily


do,


do


it.


Try


a


dish


you’ve


never eaten. Lis


ten to music you’d ordinarily tune out. Y


ou’ll discover these small things add to


your emotional energy.











2. Reclaim life’s meaning.












So


many


of


my


patients


tell


me


that


their


lives


used


to


have


meaning,


but that somewhere


along the line things went stale.











The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and


then


do


something


about


it.


A



case


in


point


is


I


vy


,



57,


a


pioneer


in


investment


banking.


“I


mistakenly believed that all the money I


made would mean something,” she says. “But I feel lost,


like a 22-year-


old wondering what to do with her life.”


I


vy’s solution? She started a program that


shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her


life with meaning.











3. Put yourself in the fun zone.











Most


of


us


grown-ups


are


seriously


fun-deprived.


High-energy


people


have


the


same


day-to-day work as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation.


Opportunities meet the prepared mind.


机会垂青那些有准备的人。




3


附件:大学英语高分秘诀之



阅读理解



A


real estate broker I know keeps herself amused on the job by mentally redecorating the houses


she shows to clients. “I love imagining what even the most run


-down house could look like with a


little tender loving care,” she says. “It’s a challenge—


and the least desirable properties are usually


the most fun.”












We all define fun differently, of course, but I can guarantee this: If you put just a bit of it into


your day, you energy will increase quickly.











4. Bid farewell to guilt and regret.











Everyone’s past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. But from an emotional energy point


of


view,


they


are


dead weights


that


keep


us


from


moving


forward.


While


they


can’t


merely


be


willed


away,


I


do recommend


you


remind


yourself


that whatever


happened


is


in


the


past,


and


nothing can change that. Holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the


present.











5. Make up your mind.











Say you’ve been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it look stylish—


or too extreme?











Y


ou


endlessly


think


it


over.


Having


the


decision


hanging


over


your


head


is


a


huge


energy


drain.











Every time


you can’t


decide,


you


burden


yourself with


alternatives.


Quit


thinking


that


you


have to make the right decision; instead, make


a choice and don’t look back.












6. Give to get.











Emotional energy has a kind of magical quality; the more you give, the more you get back.


This is the difference between emotional and physical energy. With the latter, you have to get it to


be able to give it. With the former, however, you get it by giving it.











Start by asking everyone you meet, “How are you?” as if you really want to know, then listen


to the reply. Be the one who hears. Most of us also need to smile more often. If yo


u don’t smile at


the


person


you


love


first


thing


in


the


morning,


you’re sucking


energy


out


of


your relationship.


Finally,


help


another


person



and


make


the


help


real,


concrete.


Give


a


massage


(


按摩


)


to


someone you love, or cook her dinner. Then, expand the circle to work.











Try asking yourself what you’d do if your goal were to be helpful rather than efficient.












After


all,


if


it’s


true


that


what


goes


around comes


around, why


not


make sure


that what’s


circulating around you is the good stuff?







1.



The energy crisis in America discussed here mainly refers to________________.


Opportunities meet the prepared mind.


机会垂青那些有准备的人。




4

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