-
Unit 4
单词详解
Part One
fulfill
v.
例
句
：
This
way
of
life
no
longer
adequately
fulfills
the
individuals concerned.
这种生活方式已不再能使有关的人们满意。
fulfill a contract
履行合同
fulfill a
promise
履行承诺
fulfill one
’
s
responsibility
尽责
fulfill
doctor
’
s instruction
遵照医嘱
fulfill
one
’
s needs
满足需要
fulfill a
program
完成计划
Shine a
light on=Shed light on
给带来
…
启示
shed
light
on
为…提供线索；对…
透露情况；使…清楚地显
出；阐明
例句：
Such
missions
could
shed
light
on
the
origins
of
life
in
general.
它们也能告诉人们生命起源的大致情况
.
Text 2
innate
a.
天生的；特有的，固有的
the innate ability to learn
天生的学习能力
例句：
You obviously have an
innate talent for music.
你显然有
天生的音乐才能。
premier n.
总理；首相
ad
j.
第一的，首位的；首要的
His
work on the causes of diseases is of premier
importance to
the whole world.
他对病因的研究对整个世界来说非常重要
.
notion n.
概念，观念
例句：
He had no notion of
running the risk.
他不想冒险。
近义词辨析
idea
：最普通常用词，几乎适用于任何方面的思维活动。
concept
：
指从众多实例中通过概括、
< br>归纳而形成的对事物本
质、全貌及其内部联系的概念或看法。
thought
：
指以推理、<
/p>
思考等智力活动为基础的心理思维活动
及其结果。
notion
：指的是一种模糊的，变化的莫测的想
法，无可靠的
基础，未经深思熟虑的观点。
Viewing / listening
insight
n.
洞察力
例句：
Good
teachers
have
insight
into
the
problems
of
students.
好
的教师能洞察学生的问题。
Gain an insight into
one
’
s mind
洞悉某人的想法
probe
v.
调查；打探；探究；探听
例句：
The
more
they
probed
into
his
background,
the
more
inflamed
their suspicions would become.
他们越调查他的背景，疑团就越多。
n.
太空探测器
A space
probe
Part Three
1. alter v.
改变，改动，变更
例句：
There is
something wrong with my layout, I have to alter
it.
单词辨析：
alter,change,shift,convert
的区别
alter
常用来表示轻微的、细节的改变，
是自身细节上或外表的变
化，而没有变成（
change
into
）另一事物。
change
这个词比较通用，可以指任何变化，也用于彻底改变，与原
来完
全不同。它还可以作名词表示变化，以及零花钱。
shift
表示变动的时候，多指位置、方向以及方式的改变。它作名
词时
还可表示轮班、计谋、手段、变化等。
convert
指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态
度时，强
调较激烈、大的改变。它作名词时就表示皈依者，
或者改变信仰的人。
< br>
de
n
.
（学习方面的）才能，资质
That student has an aptitude for
mathematics.
那个学生有数
学方面的天赋。
apt=fit/ability,
表示
适应
,
能力
aptitude
适应能力
;
才能
(apt
适应
,
能力
+itude
性
质
,
状态→有
能力的状态
)
adapt
使适应
,<
/p>
适应
[
环境
]
(ad
一再
+apt
< br>适应
,
能力→一再适应
[
环境
])
近义词
gift, talent, competence,
3. bombard
v.
炮轰，轰击
bomb
n.
I've been bombarded by the press and
television since I came
back from
Norway.
从挪威回来后我就一直被报纸和电视台的记者纠缠不休。
4. buckle vt.& vi.
用搭扣扣紧；使
…
全力以赴
n.<
/p>
搭扣，扣环
Buckle
oneself into the seat of the car.
Everyone
has
got
to
buckle
down
to
get
ready
for
the
press
conference.
buckle
down
全力以赴
buckle
up
系安全带：系上安全带，尤指在汽车内
5. cling to v.
紧紧抓住，依恋；坚持，墨守
英语中
表示坚持的词还有很多，如
insist
，
persist, adhere
等，
它们的区别如下：
cling
与
to
连用，指对信仰、意见、习惯等的坚持。
adhere
也与
to
连用，指坚持意见、计划或承诺等，含
有坚持不懈
的意思。
insist
通常用于对意见、主张等的坚持。
persist
用于褒义时指坚持
继续做某事，但更常用于贬
义，指不听劝告，顽固坚持。
persevere
含褒义，强调坚持不懈的努力。
cli
ng
的过去式和过去分词是
clung
cling to sth.=become attached to sth.
例句：
Don't cling to your old ideas, it's
21st century now!
别老是守着你的陈旧
思想，现在都
21
世纪了。
6.
confine vt.
限制；局限于；禁闭；管制
n.
界限，范围；国
界
They succeeded in confining the fire to
a small area.
His mother confined him
to his room for the weekend for failing
to do his chores.
他妈妈周末不让他出门，
因为他没做家务。
She has never experienced life beyond
the confines of her own
close-knit
family.
她从未经历过她那紧密团结的家庭以外的生活。
confined
a.
狭窄的，有限的
7.
discipline vt.
训练；使有纪律；
n.
训练；纪律
,
学科
military discipline
军事训练
The
discipline of studying music can help children
develop good
work habits.
音乐学习中的训练可以帮助孩子们培养好的工作习惯。
We're looking for people from a wide
range of disciplines.
我们需要各个学科的人才。
The
workman
was
disciplined
by
his
company
but
not
dismissed...
那个工人受到了公司的处罚，但并没有被解雇。
8. distinguish v.
区分，辨别
--from
These
are
some
features
that
distinguish
spoken
English
from
written English.
这是区别英语口语和书面语的一些特征。
She distinguished herself by her
performance in the exam.
她
以考试成绩优异而出众。
9. dwell
v.
居住；存在于；细想某事
Sometimes
his
mind
would
dwell
on
the
horrors
he
had
been
through.
有时他会老是想着他所经历过的种种恐怖。
A great number of water fowls dwell on
the island.
许多水鸟
在岛上栖息。
The principal dwelt on traffic safety
in his talk.
校长在讲话中
强调了交通安全。
dweller
n.
居民
dwelling
n.
住处
10. effect
1.
N-VAR
影响
;
效果
;
结果
The effect of one
thing on another is
the change that the
first thing causes in the second thing.
Parents
worry
about
the effect of
music
on
their
adolescent's
behavior...
父母担心音乐对青春期孩子的行为所产生的影响。
Even
minor
head
injuries
can
cause
long-lasting
psychological effects.
即使是轻微的头部创伤也会对心理产生长期影响。
2. N-COUNT
（
刻
意
制
造
的
）
效
果
，
< br>印
象
An effect is
an
impression that someone
creates deliberately, for example in a
place or in a piece of writing.
The whole effect is cool, light and
airy.
整体效果很酷，轻松而随意。
3.
VERB
使发生
;
实现
If
you effect something
that
you
are
trying to
achieve, you succeed in causing it to happen.
Prospects
for effecting
real
political
change
seemed
to
have
taken a major step
backwards.
实现真正政治变革的机会似乎变得更加渺茫了。
11. electrified
1. ADJ
通电的
;
带电的
An electrified fence or other
barrier has
been
connected
to
a
supply
of
electricity,
so
that
a
person
or
animal
that touches it will get an electric shock.
The
house
was
set
amid
dense
trees
and
surrounded
by
an
electrified fence.
那座房子坐落于茂密的树林中，四周布有带电围栏。
The railway line was electrified in the
1950s.
这条铁路线在
20<
/p>
世纪
50
年代就实现了电气化。
12. endorse
1. VERB
（公开地）赞同，支持
If
you
endorse someone
or
something,
you
say
publicly
that
you
support
or
approve
of
them.
I can endorse their opinion whole-
heartedly.
我可以全力支持他们的意见。
...policies
agreed
by
the
Labour
Party
and endorsed
by
the
electorate.
得到工党赞同并受选民支持的政策
2. V-PASSIVE
在（驾驶执照）上注明违章
If someone's
driving
licence is
endorsed,
an
official
record
is
made
on
it
that
they
have been found guilty
of a driving offence.
For failing to
report the accident, his licence was endorsed...
由于发生事故未能报告，他的驾驶执照被注明违章。
He also had his licence endorsed with
eight penalty points.
他的驾驶执
照也被扣了
8
分。
13. energize
1.
VERB
使充满活力
;
使精力充沛<
/p>
To energize someone
means
to
give
them
the
enthusiasm
and
determination
to
do
something.
He helped energize and mobilize
millions of people around the
nation...
他帮助激励和动员了全国数百万人。
I am completely energized and feeling
terrific.
我充满了活力，感觉非常好。
14. engulf
1. VERB
（常指突然）吞没，吞噬
If one thing
engulfs another,
it
completely
covers
or
hides
it,
often
in
a
sudden
and
unexpected way.
A seven-
year-old boy was found dead after a landslide
engulfed
a block of flats...
山体滑坡掩埋了一栋公寓楼，造成一名
7
岁男孩丧生。
The flat
is engulfed in flames.
那套公寓被火焰吞噬。
2.
VERB
使
陷
入
（
某
种
感
觉
或
情
绪
）<
/p>
If
a
feeling
or
emotion engulfs you, you
are strongly affected by it.
...the
pain that engulfed him...
将他吞噬的苦痛
He looked
around his dark, cluttered office and was engulfed
by
a feeling of emptiness.
他环顾自己昏暗杂乱的办公室，陷入一阵空虚之中。
15. exponential,
exponentially
1. ADJ
迅速增长的
;
成指数倍增的
Exponential
means
growing
or increasing
very rapidly.
The
policy
tried
to
check
the
exponential
growth
of
public
expenditure.
该政策试图控制公共开支的迅猛增长。
16. familiarize
1. VERB
使
熟
悉
;
使
了
or
解
If
if
you familiarize yourself with
something,
someone familiarizesyou with
it, you learn about it and start to
understand it.
I was
expected to familiarise myself with the
keyboard...
对我的要求是熟悉键盘。
The
goal
of
the
experiment
was
to
familiarize the
people
with
the new laws.
试行的目的就是要让人们熟悉新法规。
17. glamorous
1.
ADJ-GRADED
富有魅力的；迷人的；令人向往的
If
you
describe
someone
or
something
asglamorous,
you
mean
that
they are more attractive, exciting,
or interesting than ordinary
people or things.
...some
of the world's most beautiful and glamorous
women...
全世界最漂亮迷人的一些女性
The
south coast is less glamorous but full of clean
and attractive
hotels.
南海岸魅力稍逊，但却有很多干净漂亮的宾馆。
18. grin
1. VERB
露
齿
而
笑
；
咧
嘴
大
笑
When
you grin,
you
smile
broadly.
He grins,
delighted at the memory...
想到往事，他开心地咧嘴笑了起来。
Sarah
tried
several
times
to
catch
Philip's
eye,
but
he
just grinned at her.
萨拉几次想引起菲利普的注意，但是他只是冲她咧嘴笑了
笑。
...a statue of a grinning old man
cutting the throat of a deer.
一边割鹿喉、一边咧着嘴笑的老人雕像
2. PHRASE
苦笑着忍受；默默承受
If you grin and
bear it, you
accept
a
difficult
or
unpleasant
situation
without
complaining
because you know there is nothing you
can do to make things
better.
They
cannot
stand
the
sight
of
each
other,
but
they
will
just
have to grin and bear it.
他们连看对方一眼都不愿意，但是也只得默默忍受。
19. guarantee
1.
VERB
确保；
使必然发生
If
one thing guarantees another, the
first
is certain to cause the second thing to happen.
Surplus resources alone do not
guarantee growth.
仅有富余的资源并不能确保发展。
2. VERB
保
证
…
必
定
发
生
；
承
诺
做
；
答
应
提<
/p>
供
If
you guarantee
something,
you
promise
that
it
will
definitely
happen, or that
you will do or provide it for someone.
Most
states guarantee the
right
to
free
and
adequate
education...
大多数州都保障人们免费享受充分教育的权利。
All
students
are
guaranteed
campus
accommodation
for
their
first year...
保证安排所有的学生第一年在校内住宿。
3. N-COUNT
保修单
A
guarantee is
a
written
promise
by
a
company to replace or repair a product
free of charge if it has
any faults
within a particular time.
Whatever
a guarantee says,
when
something
goes
wrong,
you
can
still claim your rights from the shop...
不论保修单如何规定，若商品出了问题，消费者仍然可以去<
/p>
商店维护自身权益。
It was
still under guarantee.
它还在保修期内。
20. illustrate
1. VERB
表明
;
说明
;
证明
If you
say that
something illustrates a
situation
that
you
are
drawing
attention
to,
you
mean
that
it
shows
that the situation exists.
The
example of the United States illustrates this
point...
美国的例子证明了这一点。
This
change
is
neatly
illustrated
by
what
has
happened
to
the
Arab League...
这种变化鲜明地体现在阿拉伯联盟所发生的事件上。
2. VERB (
用例子、
故事或图
表
)
说明
,
阐
明
If you use an example,
story, or diagram to illustrate a
point, you use it show that what
you
are saying is true or to make your meaning
clearer.
Let me give another example
to illustrate this difficult point...
我再举个例子来说明这个难点。
Throughout,
she illustrates
her
analysis
with
excerpts
from
discussions.
自始至
终
,
她摘引讨论内容来阐明她的分析。
illustration
Here,
by
way
of
illustration,
are
some
extracts
from
our
new
catalogue.
这里引为例证的是我们新目录的部分摘录。