-
Professional English for
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Chinese medicine is to study the
relationship between human and nature. It is a
natural science
which has a long
history and rich contents, including basic theory,
diagnostics, medicine, clinical
medicine, acupuncture, massage, and
health rehabilitation. The theoretical system is
based on
syndrome differentiation,
concept of holism and constant dynamic. Nowadays,
the significance of
TCM has become more
obvious.
Channel
Meridia
经络
Acupoint
穴位
Massage
推拿
Moxibustion
艾灸
moxa
艾条
Cupping
拔罐
The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic
《黄帝内经》
The
Classic of Difficult Issues
《内经》
Treatise on Cold Damage and
Miscellaneous Diseases
《伤寒杂病论》
Shen
Nong’s Classic of the Materia Medica
《神农本草经》
The
Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic: The Spiritual
Pivot
黄帝内经灵枢
The Yellow
Emperor’s Inner Classic: Basic Questions
黄帝内经素问
Essentials
from the Golden Cabinet
金匮要略
Yin-yang and Five-element
Theory
（阴阳五行）
Conception of Yin-yang Theory
Yin-yang theory holds that
the natural world is made up of material, and the
material world is
generated, developed
and constantly changed under the interaction
between yin and yang.
yin
cold
downside
night
dark
water
movement
yang
heat
upside
day
bright
fire
stillness
Interaction
between Yin and Yang
tion of Yin and
Yang
阴阳对立制约
Rooting
of Yin and Yang
阴阳互根互用
and Waning of Yin and Yang
阴阳消长
yin waning
with yang waxing
阴消阳长
yang waning
with yin waxing
阳消阴长
-yang
Conversion
阴阳转化
Excess of yin
or yang
阴阳偏盛
Excess of
yang
——
excess-heat syndrome
Excess of yin
——
excess-cole syndrome
Excess of yang
yang pathogen
excess-heat syndrome
high
fever
dysphoria
red
complexion
rapid pulse
consume yin-fluid
excess of
yang damages yin
Excess of yin
yin pathogen
excess-cold
syndrome
cold
whitish
complexion
local cold and pain
clear and cold secretion or excretion
damage yang
excess of yin
damages yang
Deficiency of yin or yang
阴阳偏衰
Deficiency
of yang
——
syndrome of
deficiency-cold
Deficiency of
yin
——
deficiency-heat
syndrome
Deficiency of yin
driving and warming actions
insufficiency of Yang
cold
deficiency-cold
syndrome of
deficiency-cold
‖reducing
excess‖.
实者泻之
‖treating heat with
cold‖.
热者寒之
‖treating cold with
heat‖.
寒者热之
‖supplementing
deficiency‖.
虚者补之
阴阳学说
yin-yang
theory
阳中之阴
阴阳对立
阴阳交感
阴阳互根
阴阳消长
阴阳转化
阴阳平衡
阴阳调和
yin within
yang
opposition of yin and yang
interaction of yin and yang
mutual rooting of yin and yang
waning and waxing of yin and yang
yin-yang conversion
yin-yang
balance
yin-yang harmony
Deficiency of yin
moistening
and nourishing actions
shortage of yin
heat
deficiency-heat
syndrome of deficiency-heat
治疗原则
阴、阳实
阴、阳虚
虚寒证
泻实
补虚
四性
五味
四种运动形式
therapeutic principle
excess
of yin or yang
deficiency of yin or
yang
syndrome of deficiency-cold
reducing excess
supplementing deficiency
four properties
five flavors
four acting tendencies
Conception of Five-element
Theory
Five-element theory
holds that all things in the natural world can be
derived from
wood,fire,earth,metal and
water and maintain a harmonious balance through
the activities of
constant inter-
generation and inter-restriction among them.
Characteristics of the five elements
The characteristics of wood:
growth,smoothness and regulation
（生长、升发、
条达、舒畅）
.
木
曰曲直。
The characteristics of fire:
heat and ascent pertain to
fire.
（温热、上升）火曰炎上
The characteristics of earth: growth
and change ,bearing and accepting pertain to earth
.
（生
化、承载、受纳）土爰稼穑
The characteristics of metal: descent
and astringency pertain to metal.
（沉降、肃杀
、收敛）
金曰从革
The
characteristics of water:
descending,moistening,coldness and chill and
storing pertain to
water.
（滋润
、下行、寒凉、闭藏）水曰潤下
Interaction
among five elements
-generation among
the five elements
五行相生
Inter-generation explains the meaning
of mutual production and assistance. The law of
inter-generation among the five
elements is:wood generates fire,fire generates
earth,earth
generates metal,metal
generates water,water generates wood.
--restriction among the five elements
五行相克
Inter--restriction contains the
meanings of mutual restriction,conquering and
suppression. The law
of inter-
restriction among the five elements is :wood
restricts earth,,earth restricts water;water
restricts fire .fire restricts
metal,metal restricts wood.
visceral
manifestation
（五脏）
Zang-organs:
heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney
Fu-
organs: gall bladder, stomach, small intestine,
bladder, large intestine, sanjiao
Extraordinary fu-organs:brain, marrow,
bone, vessel, uterus, gall bladder
1
、
Heart
Heart governing blood
Heart
controlling the mind
The heart
corresponds to the vessels
The heart
manifests on the face
The heart opens
at the tongue
2
、
Lung
Lung dominating qi
Dominating respiration, dominating qi
through the body
Lung regulating the
waterways
The lung corresponds to the
skin and manifests on the body hair
The
lung opens at the nose
3
、
Spleen
Spleen governing the transportation and
transformation
Spleen containing blood
The spleen corresponds to the muscles
and the limbs
The spleen manifests on
the lips
The spleen opens at the mouth
4
、
Liver
Liver governing free flow of qi
Liver storing blood
The
liver corresponds to the tendons
The
liver manifests on the nails
The liver
opens at the eyes
5
、
Kidney
Kidney storing essence to govern
growth, development and reproduction
Kidney governing water
Kidney governing reception of qi
The kidney governs the bones
The kidney manifests on the hair
The kidney opens at the ears, the
external genitals and the anus
6
、
gallbladder
makes decisions
7
、
stomach
governing reception
Stomach governing
decomposition
Stomach qi governing descending
8
、
small intestine
receiving the chime
Small intestine separating
the clear from the turbid
9
、
Sanjiao: upper
jiao, middle jiao, lower jiao
Basic knowledge of Chinese Medical
Medica(
中药
)
道地药材：
genuine regional
materia media
中药性能：
property
and action of Chinese medicinal
副作用：
side effect
毒性：
toxicity
四气（四性）
：
four
properties
五味：
five flavors
升：
ascending
降：
descending
浮：
floating
沉：
sinking
归经：
meridian/channel tropism
['trop
?
z
?
< br>m]
炮制：
processing
炒：
stir-frying
炙：
stir-frying with liquid
adjuvant ['?
d
??
v<
/p>
?
nt]
煅：
calcining
煮：
decocting
蒸：
steaming
中药炮制的作用：
(1) Removing or reducing the toxicity
and side effects of some medicinals to ensure
medicinals
safety.
(2)
Promoting the therapeutic effects to improve the
clinical efficacy.
(3)
Modifying the properties and actions of medicinals
so as to make them suitable for therapeutic
requirements.
(4) Changing certain shape and
character of medicinals to facilitate decocting
and taking medicinal,
making
preparation and storing medicinal.
(5) Taking away the impurity, non-
pharmaceutical parts to make the medicinals clean
and pure.
(6) Correcting the unpleasant
odor or tastes, thus making the medicinals
convenient for patients to
take.
配伍：
combination
（
compatibility
）
配伍禁忌：
prohibited combination
相须：
mutual reinforcement
相使：
mutual assistance
相畏：
mutual
restraint
相杀：
mutual
suppression
相恶：
mutual
inhibition
相反：
mutual antagonism
[?
n't?
ɡ
?
n
?
z
?
m]
水煎：
decocted with water
先煎：
to be decocted first
后下：
to be decocted later
包煎：
wrap-boiling
另煎：
decocted separately
单煎：
decocted alone
酒煎：
decocted with wine
冲服：
take infused
顿服：
administered at draught
烊化：
melting
代茶饮：
taking as tea
噙化：
melting in mouth
火候：
control of
time and temperature
临睡服：
administrated before
sleep
平旦服：
administrated
before breakfast
文火
(<
/p>
慢火
)
：
mil
d fire (slow fire)
武火
(
急火
)
：
strong fire
剂量：
d
ose
（
dosage
）
解表药：
exterior-releasing
medicinal
清热药：
heat-clearing
medicinal
泻下药：
purgative [`p<
/p>
?
:
ɡ
?
t
?
v] medicinal
祛风湿药：
wind-damp-dispelling
medicinal
化湿药：
damp-resolving
medicinal
利水渗湿药：
damp-
draining diuretic [da
??
r
?
t
?
k]
温里药：
warming interior
medicinal
理气药：
Qi-regulating
medicinal
消食药：
digestant medicinal
止血药：
hemostatic
medicinal
活血化瘀药：
blood-
activating and stasis-resolving medicinal
化痰药：
phlegm-resolving
medicinal
止咳平喘药：
antitussive and antiasthmatic medicinal
[?
nti`t
?
s
?
v]
[?
nt
i`?
z`m?
t
?
< br>k]
安神药：
tranquilizing
medicinal
平肝熄风药：
liver-
pacifying wind-extinguishing medicinal
[`p?
s
?
fa
?
]
开窍药：
resuscitative [r
< br>?
`s
?
s
?
t
?
`t
?
ve] medicinal
补虚药：
tonifying medicinal
收涩药：
astringent [
?
`str
?
nd
??
nt] medicinal
涌吐药：
emetic [
?
`m
?
t
?
k] medicinal
外用药及其他：
externally applied
and other medicinals
CMM(
中药学
) is a
subject focusing on the knowledge of the basic
theories of the CMM and its
sources,
production areas, collection, processing,
properties, efficacies, and clinical applications.
Property and action of
CMM:The four natures The five flavors The four
directions; Meridian
Tropism; Toxicity
natures:cold;cool;warm;heat
flavors:sour;bitter; sweet; pungent;salty
direction theory
Ascending: moving toward the upper
Descending: moving toward
the lower
Floating: dispersing and
moving outward
Sinking:
absorbing and consolidating, relaxing the bowels
and promoting diuresis
an tropism
ty
Single
application
（单方）
Mutual
reinforcement
（相须）
Mutual
assistance
（相使）
Mutual
restraint
（相畏）
Mutual
suppression
（相杀）
Mutual
inhibition
（相恶）
Mutual
antagonism
（相反）
Basic knowledge of Chinese Medical
formulas
(
方剂学基本知识
)
Chinese medical formulas is a subject
dealing with the therapeutic methods and the
theories of
compatibility of formulas
as well as the clinical application.
A formula is composed of different
Chinese medicinals and suitable doses
in their rational combination.
方剂学：
Chinese medical formulas
理：
principle
方：
formula
汗：
diaphoresis [da
??
f
?
'ri:s
< br>?
s]
下：
purgation
温：
warming
补：
tonifying
君药：
sovereign medicinal
佐药：
assistant medicinal
方剂加减：
modification of a
formula
汤剂：
decoction
法：
method
药：
medicinal
吐：
emesis
['em
?
s
?
s]
和：
harmonizing
清：
clearing
消：
dispersion
臣药：
minister medicinal
使药：
guide medicinal
剂型：
preparation form
散剂：
powder