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新视野大学英语（第三版）第二册课后翻译答案及原文
Unit 1
原文：
English
is known as a world language, regularly used by
many nations whose
English is not their
first language. Like other languages, English has
changed greatly.
The
history
of
the
English
language
can
be
divided
into
three
main
periods:
Old
English, Middle English and Modern
English. The English language started with the
invasion
of
Britain
by
three
Germanic
tribes
during
the
5th
century
AD,
and
they
contributed greatly to
the formation of the English language. During the
medieval and
early modern periods, the
influence of English spread throughout the British
Isles,
and from the early 17th century
its influence began to be felt throughout the
world.
The processes of European
exploration and colonization for several centuries
led to
significant change in English.
Today, American English is particularly
influential, due
to
the
popularity
of
American
cinema,
television,
music,
trade
and
technology,
including the
Internet.
翻译：
人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言
，
经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。
与其他语言一样
，
英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现
代英语。英语起源
于公元
5
世纪，当时
三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代
社会
初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从
17
世纪初，它的影响力
开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的
探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于
美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互联网的
大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显
著。
原
文：中国书法（
calligraphy
）是一门独特的艺术，
是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形
成、发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着
密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流
思想、继承文化的重要
作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。书法能够通过作品把书法家个人
的生活
感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有
字如其人<
/p>
的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族
的文化
瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。
翻译：
Chinese calligraphy is a
unique art and the unique art treasure in the
world. The
formation
and
development
of
the
Chinese
calligraphy
is
closely
related
to
the
emergence
and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long
evolutionary process,
Chinese
characters have not only played an important role
in exchanging ideas and
transmitting
culture but
also
developed
into a unique art form.
Calligraphic
works
well reflect calligraphers'
personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation,
personality,
and so forth, thus there
is an expression that
is
like
seeing
the
person
As
one
of
the
treasures
of
Chinese
culture,
Chinese
calligraphy shines splendidly in the
world's treasure house of culture and art.
?
孟母教子
孟子幼
时家迁居墓地附近，耳濡目染的尽是些丧葬礼仪的事情，他就和小朋友一起模仿着挖墓筑
坟的祭奠。
孟母感到长此下去对儿子的教育不利，
于是就搬家了
。
新居靠近集市，
孟子又学着商人做买卖，
怎样和商人讨价还价，孟母不愿意自己的孩子长大成个商人，于是又搬家了。第三次的新居在学校附近，
孟子就跟着学生学习诗书礼仪，
揖让推进，
等等。
孟母认为找到了理想的地方，
于是决定在这里长住下去。
由此可见，孟母深知环境对孩子成长的影响。这就是
“
孟母三迁
”
故事的由来。
孟子逐渐成长，一次未到放学时间就回家了，孟母把他叫到织
布机旁，让他看自己织布。织了很
长一段时间，
孟母突然用刀子
把布割断，
孟子不明白怎么回事，
连忙问母亲究竟。
这时孟母耐心地对他说：
“
你学习半途而废，就如
同把这本来可以织成完整的一匹布割断是一个道理。
”
母亲的谆
谆教导深深地印在
孟子的脑海之中，从此他发奋图强，刻苦读书，终于成了战国时期，也
是我国历史上著名的思想家、教育
家。
How Mencius’ Mother Teaches
Her Son
When
Mencius
was
young,
his
family
lived
near
a
cemetery,
fully
exposed
to
funeral
ceremonies.
He
and
his
playmates
imitated
burying
and
mourning
proceedings.
Men
cius’
mother
thought
the
surroundings
were
not
good
for
his
education
so
she
decided
to
move.
They
moved
to
a
place
next
to
a
fair,
and
Menciusbegan to learn
the
ways of business people, bargaining and haggling.
His
mother didn’t want her
son to become a b
usinessman so she
moved again. This time
they moved into
the house near a school, and Mencius began to
learn
the Classics
and
etiquette
along with the students. His
mother thought this was the right place for
him and decided to stay there for good.
This sh
ows that Mencius’ mother
realized the
importance
of
environment
for
children’s
growing
up.
These
are
the
stories
about
how “Mencius’ mother moved three
times.”
One
day, Mencius came back home before school let out.
His mother called him
to the loom side
and let him watch her weaving. After a long time,
she suddenly cut
the cloth she had
wovenwith a knife, much to Mencius’ bewilderment.
When Mencius
asked, his mother
explained, “If you quit school half way, it’s like
my cutting the cloth
before it is
co
mpleted.” Mother’s words were firmly
branded in the son’s mind. From
then
on,
he
studied
assiduously
and
became
a
great
thinker
and
educator
of
the
Warring
States
Period
and
he
has
been
remembered
as
such
throughout
Chinese
history.
Unit 2
原文：
A MOOC
(massive open online course) is an online course
aimed at unlimited
participation
and
open
access
via
the
web.
MOOCs
are
a
recent
development
in
distance education and
have now become a surging trend in higher
education. These
classes are aimed at
expanding a university's reach from thousands of
tuition-paying
students who live in
town, to millions of students around the world.
In addition to
traditional
course
materials,
MOOCs
provide
interactive
user
forums
to
support
interactions
between
students
and
professors.
MOOCs
can
encourage
communication
among
participants
who
bring
a
variety
of
viewpoints,
knowledge,
and
skills
to
the
course;
inspire
people
to
on
subjects
that
they
wouldn't
otherwise pursue or
even try on education itself; provide multiple
ways to engage
with course material,
encouraging multimodal
(
多模式的
) learning that can
address the
needs of learners with a
variety of learning styles; and inspire better
teaching and
use of technologies for
face-to-face courses.
翻译：
慕课是
一种网络课程，
它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。
慕课
是远程教育迈出的最新一步，
现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。通过这些课程，大学可
以扩大影响的范围，从影响成千上万住在城里
付学费的学生，
扩
展到惠及全球上百万的学生。
除了拥有传统的课程资料，
慕课还
给使用者提供互动论坛，
支持学生和讲师之间的交流。慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流，
使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上
来；
它鼓励人们尝试之
前不可能尝试的课程，
甚至是尝试新的教育方式；
它提供多种学
习课程资料的方式，
鼓励多模式学习，以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；另外，慕课促
进教学的改善，使技术在面对面授课
中得以更好地应用。
原文：
近
年
来，
随着
互联网
技术的
发展
，我国的
数字化教育资源
建设
取得
了巨大的
成就
。很多
高校
建立
了
自己的数字化学习
平台
，数字化教学在教育中
发挥着
越来越大的
作用
。
和
传统教学方式
相比
，数字化教学
方式有很大的优势。
一方面
，数字化教学
使
教学资源得以
< br>全球共享
；
另一方面
，它
拓展
了学习者的学习
时
间和空间
，人们可以
随时随地
通过互
联网
进入
数字化的
虚拟学校
学习。
这
使得
人类从接受
一次性教育
走向
终身学习
成为
可能
。
翻译：
In
recent
years,
with the development of
I
nternet technology, the
construction
of
digital education resources
of our country has
made great
achievements
. Many
universities
have
set up
their own digital
learning
platform
s
, and
digital teaching is
playing
an
increasingly
important
role
in
education.
Compared with
the
traditional
way
of
teaching,
the
digital
way
has
a
lot
of
advantages.
On
one
hand,
digital
teaching
makes
global sharing
of teaching
resources
possible
; on the
other hand, it
expand
s the
learner's study time and space to learn, allowing
people to
get access to
the
digital
virtual
school
s
through
the
Internet
anytime
and
anywhere.
These
advantages
make
it
possible
for
people
to
shift
from
one-time
learning
to
lifelong
learning
.
Unit 3
原文：
As an
important
part of
the
American culture value
system
,
individualism
admire
d
by
most
American
people.
Americans
view
the
family
as
a
group
whose
primary
purpose is
to
advance
the
happiness
of
individual
members.
In contrast to
many other
cultures,
the primary responsibility
of
the American family member is not
to advance the family as a group,
either
socially
or
economic
ally
.
What would be best
for the
family i
s
not usually
considered to be as important as what would be
best for
the individual.
With
f
reedom
comes
the
responsibility
to
care for
oneself
, for
it is the
freedom of choice
that
carries
with it the
responsibility: to accept the
consequence
s
of
the choices.
Many Americans
give their children a lot of freedom
because they
want them to be
independent
and
self-
reliant
.
Along
with
the American emphasis on
individual freedom, the
beli
ef
in equality between
parents and children also has had a
strong
effect
on
the family.
翻译：
作为
美国
文化价值体系
的
一个
重要
组成部分，
个人主义<
/p>
受到
大多数美国人的
推崇
。美国人认为家
庭作为一个
群
体
，
其主要目的是
促进家庭各成员的<
/p>
幸福
。
与
许多其
他文化
相比
，
美国
家庭成员
的主要职责，
不是
在
社会
上或
经济
上提
高整个家庭的
地位
。人们
通常认为
，什么是对个人
最好的
要比什么是对家庭最
好
的
更为重要
。
与
自由
相伴而来的是
照顾自己的
责任
，
因为
所选择
的
自由
承载
了责任，
< br>即
必须接受自己的选
择所带来的
后果
。许多美国人给他们的孩子很多的自由，
因为
他们希望孩子们能够
独立
和
自主
。
在
美国人
强调个人自由
的同时
，父母与孩子间
平等
的
信念
也
对
美国家庭
产生
了巨大
的影响
。
原文：
孝道
（
filial
piety
）
是
中国古代社会
的基本
道德规范
（
co
de of ethics
）
。中国人
把
孝
视为
人格
之
本
、家庭和睦之
本
< br>、国家
安康
之
本
。
由于
孝道是儒家伦理思想
的
核心
，它
成了
中国社会千百年来
维系
家
庭关系的
道德
准则
。它
毫无疑问
是中华民族的一种传
统
美德
。孝道文化是一个
复合
概念，
内容丰富，涉及
面广
。它
既
有
文化理念
，
又
有
制度礼仪
（
institutional etiquette
）
。
一般来说
，它
< br>指
社会
要求
子女对父
母应尽的
义务
，包括尊敬、
关爱
、
赡养
老人等等。孝道是古老的
东方
文明
之
根本
。
翻译：
Filial piety
is the
basic code of ethics
in ancient Chinese society. Chinese people
consider filial piety as the
essence
of a person's
integrity
, family harmony,
and the
nation's
well-
being
. With filial piety being the core
of
Confucian ethics
, it has
been
the
moral
standard
for
the
Chinese
society
to
maintain
the
family
relationship
for
thousands of years. It's
undoubtedly a traditional Chinese
virtue
. The culture of
filial
piety is a complex concept,
rich in content
and
wide in range
. It includes
not only
cultural ideas but also
institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it
refers to the
obligation of children to
their parents required by the society, including
respect, care,
support for the elderly
and so forth. Filial piety is
fundamental
to the ancient
Oriental
civilization
Unit
4
原文：
Valentine's Day on
February 14
is celebrated
in
various
American
and European
countries.
It is a holiday
of
love and
romance
usually
by
exchanging
valentine
s
or
love
token
s
between lovers.
There are different
origins
regarding
the
festival
.
One
legend
goes that
the Romans
put a priest
named
Saint
Valentine
into prison
for
refus
ing to
believe
in
the
Roman
gods.
On
February
14,
Valentine
was
put
to
death
not
only
because
he
was
Christian
,
but
also
because
he
had
cure
d
the
jailer
's
daughter
of
blindness. The night before he
was
executed
he wrote her
a farewel
l
letter
signed
your
Valentine
Later,
February
14
became
a
holiday
for
people
to
show
affection
for
their
loved
ones.
Today,
people
celebrate
Valentine's
Day
in
different
ways, sending
greeting
cards
and flowers, giving chocolate or
other gifts, or
join
ing
in
romantic
dinners
. The holiday has now become
popular all over the world. In China
the festival
is
also becoming
increasingly
popular with
young people. <
/p>
翻译：
美洲
和欧洲
各国
都会
庆祝
2
月
14
日
的
情人
节
。
这是一个充满
爱情和浪漫
的节日
，恋人
之
间
通常都
会交换
情人卡
和
爱情信物
。
关于
这个节日的
起源
有着不同的
说法
。
一个传说是
罗马人把一个
叫
圣瓦伦丁的
神父
关进了监狱
，因为他
拒绝
相信罗马神。
2
月
14
日那
天，瓦伦丁
被处死
，
不仅
因为他是
基督徒
，而
且
因为他曾
治愈
了一位监狱
< br>看守双目失明的女儿
。他在被
处死
的前一天晚上
给她写了一封
署名
“<
/p>
你的瓦伦丁
”
的
告别信
。
后来，
2
月
14
日
就成了一个
人们可以为他们的情人
展示感情
的节日
。
现在，
人们以
不同的方<
/p>
式
庆祝情人节，他们
发送贺卡
、鲜花，赠送巧克力或其他
礼品
，或
共进
浪漫的
晚餐
。现在这个
节日已
流行
世界各地
。在中国，这个节
日也正
越来越
受
年轻人
的欢迎
。
原文：
农历
七月初七是中国的
七夕节
，
是
中国
传统
节日中
最
具
浪漫色彩
的一个节日
。一些
大的<
/p>
商家
每年
都
举办
不同
的
活动
，
年轻人
也送礼物给他们的情人。
因此<
/p>
，七夕节
被认为是
中国的
“
情人节
”
。七夕节
来自
牛
郎与织女
的
传说
。
相传，
每年
的
这个
夜晚
，
天上的
织女都会与牛郎
相会
。
所以，在
七夕
的
夜晚，人们可以
看到牛郎织女在
银河
相会。姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女
乞求智慧
< br>，
以
获得
美满姻缘
。
但随着
时
代的
变迁
，这些活动
正在
消失
，
唯有
标志
着
忠贞
爱情的牛郎织女的
传说
一直
流传民间
。
翻译：
July
7
th
on
the Chinese calendar
is
Chinese
Qixi Festival
, the
most
romantic
of
all
the
traditional
Chinese
holidays. Every year, some
big
businesses
organize
various
activities, and
young
people
send gifts to their
lovers.
As a result
, the
Qixi Festival
is
considered
to
be
Chinese
Valentine's
Day
The
Qixi
Festival
is
derived
from
the
legend
of
Cowherd
and
Weaving Maid
.
The
legend holds that
on this
particular
night
every
year
the
Weaving
Maid
in
heaven
meets
with
Cowherd.
So,
people
can
see
Cowherd and Weaving Maid
meet
ing in the Milky Way
on the night of
Qixi. On this
night, girls
would also
beg
Weaving Maid
for some
wisdom
for
a happy marriage
. But,
with
the
changing
of
times
, these activities
are
diminishing
.
All that remains is
the
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