复旦大学博士研究生入学考试试题及答案详解

复旦大学

2003

年 博士研究生入学考试试题

Part

Ⅰ

（略）

Part

Ⅱ

Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four

choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the

21. She

A. missed

B. budgeted

C. loathed

22. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about the

A. intangible

B. sedate

C. impudent

23. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting

laws to protect the

A. rigorous

B. equivocal

C. stringent

24. People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and

A. lucrative

B. introverted

C. vivacious

25. This is but a

of the total amount

A. friction

B. fraction

C. faction

26. They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic

A. on

B. by

C. for

27.

I

think

it

is

high

time

we

the

fact

that

environmental

pollution

in

this

area

is

A. woke up to

B. must wake up to

C. wake up to

28. So

was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was s

A. resentful

B. amiable

C. suffocating

29.

Rescue

workers

continued

the

delicate

task

of

sifting

through

tons

of

concrete

and

A. scraps

B. leftovers

C. debris

30. When she

A. came to

B. came off

C. came through

31. The shortage of water became more

this summer with the highest temperatures

in 40 yea

A. needy

B. latent

C. uneasy

32. They tried to drive their horse into the river, but he simply could

A. budge

B. surge

C. trudge

33.

Even

the

best

medical

treatment

can

not

cure

all

the

diseases

that

men

and

A. beseech

B. beset

C. bewitch

34.

The

boy's

talent

might

have

lain

had

it

not

been

for

his

uncle's

A. extinguished

B. dormant

C. malignant

D.

35. The two leaders made a show of unity at the press conference, though they had notably

A. discontinuous

B. discreet

C. discordant

36. Jack admitted that he ought not to have made his mother angry,

A. oughtn't he

B. wasn't he

C. didn't he

37. An old woman was badly hurt in

the police describe as an apparently motiveless

A. that

B. which

C. what

38.

As

the

city

has

become

increasingly

and

polluted,

there

has

been

a

growing

A. flourished

B. boosted

C. congested

39. The taxi

in front of a girl, just in time to avoid

A. turned in

B. pulled up

C

. cleared up

40.

The

doctor

told

him

to

be

careful

when

taking

sleeping

pills

because

too

many

A. lethal

B. vital

C. wholesome

D. sanitary

Part

Ⅲ

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this pall. Each passage is followed by some

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.

Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line

For my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly to start learning Arabic. I have never

been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more

than a smattering of phrases in any tongue other than French, and even my French, was laborious

for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the notoriously difficult languages at

the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting

a little too

much of a curiously unreceptive part of

myself,

yet the possibility that

I

might gain

access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this means was enormou

I enrolled as a pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by a Mr Beheit, of

dapper

appearance

and

explosive

temperament,

who

assured

me

that

after

three

months

of

his

special

treatment

I

would

speak

Arabic

fluently.

Whereupon

he

drew

from

his

desk

a

postcard

which an old pupil had sent him from somewhere in the Middle East, expressing great gratitude

and reporting the astonishment of local Arabs that he could converse with them like a native. It

was written in English. Mr Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French,

and through the thin, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation

at

some

confused

entrepreneur:“Non,

M. Jones. Jane

suis

pas

francais. Pas, Pas, Pas!”

(No Mr.

Jones, I'm NOT French, I'm not, not, NOT!). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name was

For a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we

discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events in the street below

and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across the wall of the building

opposite. In between, bearing in mind the particular

interest

I had in acquiring Arabic, I would

inquire

the

way

to

some

imaginary

oasis,

anxiously

demand

fodder

and

water

for

my

camels,

wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all hard going.

I frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, though Ahmed assured me

that my pronunciation was above average for a Westemer. This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for

there are a couple of Arabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for

ages. There were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely

employed

in

English.

And

for

me

the

problem

was

increased

by

the

need

to

assimilate

a

vocabulary, that would vary from place to place across five essentially Arabic-speaking countries

that practiced vernaculars of their own: so that the word for “people”, for instance, might be nais,

Each

day

I

was

mentally

exhausted

by

the

strain

of

a

morning

in

school,

followed

by

an

afternoon

struggling

at

home

with

a

tape

recorder.

Yet

there

was

relief

in

the

most

elementary

forms of understanding and progress. When merely got the drift of a torrent which Ahmed had just

released,

I

was

childishly

elated.

When

I

managed

to

roll

a

complete

sentence

off

my

tongue

without apparently thinking what I was saying, and it came out right, I beamed like an idiot. And

the enjoyment of reading and writing the flowing Arabic script was something that did not leave

me once I had mastered it. By the end of June, no-one could have described me as anything like a

fluent speaker of Arabic. I was approximately in the position of a fifteen-year old who, equipped

with

a

modicum

of

schoolroom

French,

nervously

awaits

his

first

trip

to

Paris.

But

this

was

something I could reprove upon in my own time. I bade farewell to Mr Beheit, still struggling to

B. He was vol

42. It is known from the passage that the writer

B. couldn't mak

43. It can be inferred from the passage that Ahmed was

C. a

44. The word “modicum” in the last paragraph can be replaced by

45. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the

C. The writer found learning Arabic was a grueling experience but rew

D. The writer regarded Ahmed's praise of his pronunciation as tongue- in-

It is one of the world's most recognized phrases, one you might even heat in places where

little English is spoken:‘The name's Bond, James Bond.’ I've heard

it from a taxi driver in Ghana

and a street sweeper in Paris, and I remember the thrill of hearing Sean Connery say it in the first

Bond film I saw, Goldfinger. I was a Chicago schoolgirl when it was released in 1904. The image

of a candy- colored London filled with witty people, stately old buildings and a gorgeous, ice-cool

When

Ian

Fleming

created

the

man

with

the

license

to

kill,

based

on

his

own

experiences

while working for the British secret service in World War

Ⅱ

, he couldn't have imagined that his

fictional Englishman would not only shake, but stir the entire world. Even world- weary actors are

thrilled

at

being

in

a

Bond movie.

Christopher

Walken,

everyone's

favorite

screen

psycho,

who

p

layed mad genius Max Zorin in 1985's A View to a Kill, gushed:‘I remember first seeing DJ' No

when I was 15. I remember Robert Shaw trying to strangle James Bond in From Russia with Love.

Bond is the complete entertainment package: he has hot

——

and cold

——

running women on

tap,

dastardly

villains

bent

on

complete

world

domination,

and

America

always

plays

second

string

to

cool,

sophisticated

Britain.

Bond's

England

only

really

existed

in

the

adventures

of

Bulldog

Drummond,

the

wartime

speeches

of

Winston

Churchill

and

the

songs

of

Dame

Vela

When

Fleming

started

to

write

his

spy

stories,

the

world

knew

that,

while

Britain

was

victorious in the war against Hitler, it was depleted as a result. London was bombed out, a dark

It was America that was producing such universal icons as Gary Cooper's cowboy in High

Noon (‘A man's got to do what a man's got to do’); the one

-man revolution that was Elvis Presley;

Marilyn

Monroe,

the

walking,

male

fantasy

married

to

Joe

DiMaggio,

then

the

most

famous

athlete in the world. Against this reality, Fleming had the nerve and arrogance to say that, while

hot dogs and popcorn were fine, other things were more i

And

those

things

were

uniquely

British:

quiet

competence,

unsentimental

ruthlessness,

clear-eyed,

steely

determination,

an

ironic

sense

of

humor

and

doing

a

job

well.

All

qualities

Of course, Bond was always more fairytale than fact, but what else is a film for? No expense

is spared in production, the lead is suave and handsome, and the hardware is always awesome. In

the

latest

film,

the

gadgets

include

a

surfboard

with

concealed

weapons,

a

combat

knife

with

global positioning system beacon, a watch that doubles as a laser- beam cutter, an Aston Martin

V12 Vanquish with all the optional extras you've come to expect, a personal jet glider... the list is

There are those who are disgusted by the Bond films' unbridled glorification of the evils of

46. According to the passage each production of a Bond film is

D. difficult to fin

48. It is known from the passage that post-war Britain as

49. Judging by the context, the word “stately” in the first paragraph means

50.

A. When Ian Fleming created James Bond, he believed that his fictional Englishman would

shake the entire world.

C. Ian Fleming began to write his spy stories before world war

Ⅱ

The current political debate over family values, personal responsibility, and welfare takes for

granted the entrenched American belief that dependence on government assistance is a recent and

destructive phenomenon. Conservatives tend to blame this dependence on personal irresponsibility

aggravated by a swollen selfare apparatus that saps individual initiative. Liberals are more likely

to blame it on personal misfortune magnified by the harsh lot that falls to losers in our competitive

market

economy.

But

both

sides

believe

that

“winners”

in

America

make

it

on

their

own

that

dependence

reflects

some

kind

of

individual

or

family

failure,

and

that

the

ideal

family

is

the

self-reliant unit of traditional lore

——

a family that takes care of its own, carves out a future for its

children, and never asks for handouts. Politicians at both ends of the ideological spectrum have

wrapped themselves in the mantle of

these “family values,” arguing over why the poor have not

been able to make do without assistance, or whether aid has exacerbated their situation, but never

questioning

the assumption

that

American

families

traditionally

achieve

success

by

establishing

the

The

myth

of

family

self-reliance

is

so

compelling

that

our

actual

national

and

personal

histories often buckle under its emotional

weight. “We always stood on our own two feet,” my

grandfather used to say about his pioneer heritage, whenever he walked me to the top of the hill to

survey the property in Washington State that his family had bought for next to nothing after it had

been logged off in the early 1900s. Perhaps he didn't know that the land came so cheap because

much of it was part of a federal subsidy originally allotted to the railroad companies, which had

received

183

million

acres

of

the

public

domain

in

the

nineteenth

century.

These

federal

giveaways

were

the

original

source

of

most

major

weatem

logging

companies'

land,

and

when

some of these logging companies moved on to virgin stands of timber, federal lands trickled down

Like

my

grandparents,

few

families

in

American

history

——

whatever

their

“values”——

have been able to rely solely on their own resources. Instead, they have depended on

the legislative, judicial and social-support structures set up by governing authorities, whether those

were the clan elders of Native American societies, the church courts and city officials of colonial

At

America's

inception,

this

was

considered

not

a

dirty

little

secret

but

the

norm,

one

that

confirmed our social and personal interdependence. The idea that the family should have the sole

or

even

primary

responsibility

for

educating

and

socializing

its

members,

finding

them

suitable

work,

or

keeping

them

from

poverty

and

crime

was

not

only

ludicrous

to

colonial

and

revolutionar

51. Conservatives believe that welfare services have played a certain role in

B. reducing individual or family dependence on government

52. It can be concluded that the writer's grandfather's family purchased their land

A

53. It can be inferred from the passage that in early America

B

54. The word “parochial” in the last paragraph means

C. i

55. The writer's attitude toward the idea of American family values is

One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is the voice of the advertisers. Its

strident

clamour

dominates

our

lives.

It

shouts

at

us

from

the

television

screen

and

the

radio

loudspeakers;

waves

to

us

from

every

page

of

the

newspaper;

plucks

at

our

sleeves

on

the

escalator; signals to us from the successful man as a man no less than 20% of whose mail consists

Advertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of

the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure

Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the

customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about

without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without

adding

customer

——

appeal

to

all

his

other

problems

of

man

——

hours

and

machine

tolerances

and

stress

factors,

So

they

just

go

ahead and

make

the thing

and

leave

it,

by

pretending

that

it

confers

status,

or

attracts

love,

or

signifies

manliness,

if

the

advertising

agency

can

to

this

Other manufacturers find advertising saves them changing their product. And manufacturers

hate

change. The

ideal

product

is

one

which

goes

on

unchanged

for

ever.

If,

therefore,

for

one