2012.12.12 研究生基础英语考试试题

湖南

…

大学研究生考试试题纸

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课程名称：

__

基础英语

__

开课学院：

外国语

上课专业：

年级：

2012

学生人数：

命题教师：

…

审核人：

考试形式：

闭卷

考试时间：

2012

至

2013

学年第

1

学期

考试时量：

120

分钟

Ⅰ

. Multiple Choices (1*20=20’)

Part A

Direction: choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the italicized part of each

sentence.

1.

I don’t know anything about art, and I haven’t met any grand people, and I don’

t go to

a good tailor, and all that, I’m not what he calls from

top-drawer

society.

A. highest

B. lowest

C. outstanding

D. important

2. While watching TV to kill time at night, he

draped

his legs over the arm of the chair and

made himself as comfortable and relaxed as he possibly could.

A. covered

B. arranged

C. hung

D. dwelled

3.

Skills

of

the

George

Washington

University

medical

team,

plus

his

amazing

determination and the

grit

and spirit of his wife, Sarah, pulled Jim through.

A. loyalty

B. courage

C. ambition

D. patience

4. Dona’s having a bridal

shower

for Julie next week. Now she is busy preparing presents

and inviting friends.

A. washing

B. party

C. rain

D. water

5. The downside was that I felt

pretty intimidated

.

A. very close

B. very intimate

C. rather frightened

D. humiliated

6. Don’t

cling to

your old ideas. Be ready to entertain some new ones, otherwise you will

always lag behind others

A. put forward to

B. hold on to

C. run to

D. put up to

7. In order to finish the task in time, he was out in the rain all day and this

brought on

a

bad cold.

A. resulted from

B. resulted in

C. brought up

D. gave up

1

8.

The

play

shows

that

Americans

have

an

embarrassment

of

riches

and

a

paucity

of

spirituality and morality, focusing on the disillusionment of the American Dream.

A. deficiency

B. scarcity

C. inadequacy

D. deficit

9. Moves to change the way key resources should be allocated have sparkled a rise in turf

battle, which could

hinder

the Internet’s growth as a global information infrastructure.

A. control

B. retard

C. obstruct

D. decrease

10.

Video

game

markers

scoff

at

the

notion

that

their

product

can

cause

a

psychiatric

disorder.

A. shout

B. scream

C. aim

D. mock

11. From the beginning, I hated the way he talked, his whining voice and his

vulgar

accent.

A. refined

B. rude

C. decent

D. strange

12.

To

her

consternation

,

she

realized

that

what

she

had

said

was

true,

that

a

woman

couldn’t hide love.

A. shock

B. fascination

C. estimation

D. enjoyment

13.

The

chemistry

between

Hepburn

and

Tracy

is

obvious.

One

can easily

observe

their

love

A. similarity

B. branch of science

C. difference

D. attraction

14.

The

increase

in

the

national

debt

stems

from

the

last

war,

which

deconstructed

and

demoralized the country.

A. originates

B. roots

C. booms

D. transmits

15. He saw through all the

sham

of this club life, the meanness of this worship of success.

A. facet

B. falsity

C. faction

D. fallacy

16. Such products also provide secure application gateways that add value, such as user

authentication.

A. administration

B. verification

C.

stimulation

D. contemplation

17. In the sentence” Now and then a man exquisi

tely made can live alone, and must; but

coop up most men and you undo them...”

the underlined part means

.

A. But for most men, if they are confined in a place, they will be destroyed.

B. Keep most men in a hole, and they will get out of it by themselves.

C. But for most men, if they are confined in a place, they will be set free.

D. Keep most men in a coop, and they will be set free.

2

Part B

Direction: Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in the brackets.

18. Choose the

RIGHT

sentence.

A. Someone has left their purse on the bus.

B. nowadays cars have bought his owners both great convenience and great trouble.

C.

Mary

and

Joe

are

so

exhausted

that

she

thinks

she

can

sleep

until

bedtime

tomorrow.

D. I lifted the pot of hot potatoes carefully, but it slipped out of my hand.

19. Choose the

RIGHT

sentence.

A. James repeatedly failed the math quiz, he decided to drop the course.

B. I have no idea that when she will come back.

C. I know the school which my nephew is learning English.

D. It has been three years since I moved into this apartment.

20. Choose the

WRONG

statement.

A. “The mystical meanings that the Bible lays upon the word. Word are not embraced

by

everyone”

can

be

paraph

rased

as

the

following:

The

Word

is

the

word

used

in

the

Bible, so its meaning is related to religion. Therefore, not everyone can understand it.

B.

In the sentence “What is surprising is that in the common give and take of daily

living, people still rely so little upon the verbal language that distinguishes them from the

beasts. ”,

“give and take of daily living s” means

“exchange of everyday food”

C.

By quoting “He winketh with his eyes, he speakth with his feet, he teacheth with

his fin

gers”, the author means that in most cases human communication is nonverbal.

D. T

he sentence “Even today those principles

hold good for

Christian employees” can

translated into “

时至今天，这些原则对基督徒雇员仍然有效

”

。

Ⅱ

. Reading Comprehension (2*10=20’)

Directions: Read the following two passages. Answer the questions below each passage by

choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage one

People and Organizations: the Selection Issue

A

In 1991, according to the Department of Trade and Industry, a record 48,000 British

3

companies went out of business. When businesses fail, the post-mortem

(

事后的

)

analysis is

traditionally undertaken by accountants and market strategists. Unarguably organizations

do

fail

because

of

under

capitalization,

poor

financial

management,

adverse

market

conditions

etc.

Yet,

conversely

(< /p>

相反地

)

,

organizations

with

sound

financial

backing,

good

product

ideas

and

market

acumen

(

敏锐

)

often

underperform

(

表现不佳

)

and

fail

to

meet

shareholders'

(

股

东

)

expectations.

The

complexity,

degree

and

sustainment

(< /p>

支

持

物

)

of

organizational performance requires an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet

and

the

conversion

of

financial

inputs

into

profit

making

outputs.

A

more

complete explanation of

an organization

actually is and that one of the financial inputs, the most important and

often the most expensive, is

people.

B

An organization is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person

for

the

job

involves

more

than

identifying

the

essential

or

desirable

range

of

skills,

educational

and

professional

qualifications

necessary

to

perform

the

job

and

then

recruiting the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to

have the ability and predisposition to

acquire them. This is a purely person/skills match

approach to selection.

C

Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in a

particular organizational setting. The individual has to

with

other

employees,

with

the

organizational

climate,

style

or

work,

organization

and

culture of the organization. Different organizations have different cultures (Cartwright &

Cooper, 1991; 1992). Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a

similar experience to working in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey.

D

Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman

are about ?

20,000 (approx. US$$ 30,000). The costs of employing an unsuitable technician

on

an

oil

rig

(

油井钻塔

)

or

in

a

nuclear

plant

could,

in

an

emergency,

result

in

millions

of

pounds of damage or loss of life. The disharmony

（不和谐）

of a poor person-environment fit

(PE-fit) is likely to result in low job satisfaction, lack of organizational commitment

（组织认

4

同感）

and

employee

stress,

which

affect

organizational

outcomes

i.e.

productivity,

high

labor

turnov er

(

劳动力流动

)

< br>

and

absenteeism

(

旷工

)

,

and

individual

outcomes

i.e.

physical,

psychological and mental well-being.

E

However, despite the importance of the recruitment

（招聘）

decision and the range of

sophisticated

and

more

objective

selection

techniques

available,

including

the

use

of

psychometric

tests

（心理计量测试）

,

assessment

centers

etc.,

many

organizations

are

still

prepared

to

make

this

decision

on

the

basis

of

a

single

30

to

45

minute

unstructured

interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selection decision is often made within

the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, the interviewer then attends

exclusively

to

information

that

reinforces

the

initial

or

decision.

Research

into

the

validity

of

selection

methods

has

consistently

demonstrated

that

the

unstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poor

predictor of future job performance and fares little better that more controversial methods

like graphology

（笔迹学）

and astrology

（星座）

. In times of high unemployment, recruitment

becomes a

F

The

future,

we

are

told,

is

likely

to

be

different.

Detailed

surveys

of

social

and

economic trends in the European community show that Europe's population is falling and

getting

older,

The

birth

rate

in

the

Community

is

now

only

three-quarters

of

the

level

needed to ensure replacement

of the existing population. By the year 2020, it is predicted

that more than one in four Europeans will be aged 60 or more and barely one in five will be

under 20. In a five-year period between 1983 and 1988 the Community's female workforce

grew

by

almost

six

million.

As

a

result,

51%

of

all

women

aged

14

to

64

are

now

economically active in the labor market compared with 78% of men.

G

The changing demographics

（人口统计资料）

will not only affect selection ratios

（选择比）

.

They will also make it

increasingly important for organizations wishing to maintain their

competitive

edge

（竞争优势）

to

be

more

responsive

and

accommodating

to

the

changing

needs of their workforce if they are to retain

and

develop their human resources. More

flexible working hours, the opportunity of work from home

or job share, the provision of

5

childcare facilities etc., will play a major role in attracting and retaining staff in the future.

Questions 1-6

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the Passage?

YES

if the statement agrees with the writer

NO

if the statement does not agree with the writer

1.

Organizations

should

recognize

that

their

employees

are

a

significant

part

of

their

financial assets.

(

)

2. Open- structured 45 minute interviews are

not a

method to identify suitable employees.

(

)

3.

More

flexible

working

hours,

the

opportunity

of

work

from

home

or

job

share,

the

provision of childcare facilities etc., will play an important role in attracting and retaining

staff in the future.

(

)

4. The changing demographics will not only affect selection ratios.

(

)

5. In the future, the number of people in employable age groups will decline.

(

)

6. Poor selection decisions are expensive

.

(

)

Questions 7-10

Complete the blanks with words taken from

PARAGRAPH D

. Use

NO MORE THAN

ONE

or TWO WORDS for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.

Poor person-environment fit

i. Low job satisfaction

ii. (

7

)

iii. Employee stress

(8)

(9)

a. Low production rate

a. (10)

b. High rates of staff change

b. poor psychological health

c. absenteeism

c. poor mental health

6