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美国政治制度概况
Political
institution
（政治制度）
1
．
The American
Constitution is the oldest written constitution in
the world. It
was draw up in 1787 and
went into effect in 1789.
美国宪法是世界上最早的成文宪
法，
它起草于
1787
年，生效于
1789
年。
2
．
In
1787,Congress
called for
a
meeting
of
delegate from all
the states to revise
the
Articles of Confederation.1787
年，国会召开各州代
表参加的大会，主要目的是修
改有明显缺点的《联邦条款》。
3
．
The
government
is
divided
into
three
branched:
the
legislative
,the
executive
,and
the judicial. Each
branch has part of the powers but not all the powe
r.
美国政府
被分为
3
部分：立法机构，行政机构和司法机构。
4
．
In
either
case,
amendments
must
have
the
approval
of
three-fourths
of
the
states
before they enter into force.
有两种情可以提出修改宪法条款，但不管是哪种，修正案
必须经过
3/4
的批准才能生效。
5
．
The President
of the U.S is the head of the executive branch and
the head of
the state elected by the
whole nation. The Constitution requires the
President to
be
a
natural-born
American
citizen
at
least
35
years
of
age.
The
president
election
was held every 4 years .
宪法规定
总统必须是美国本土出生的美国公民，至少年满
35
岁，
总统选举每四年举行一次。
6
．
In
American
,the
“
winner-take-
all”
system
applies
in
all
states
expect
Maine.
在美国，嬴者全赢的制度适用于除缅因州外的各州
。
7
．
The electors of
all fifty states and the District of Columbia-a
total of 538
persons-comprise what is
known as the Electoral College. To be successful,
a
candidate for the Presidency must
receive 270 votes.50
个州加上哥伦比亚特区共有
538
位总统候选人，他们组成选举团，要成为美国总统，候选人则要获得
270
票。
8
．
The
presidential
term
of
4
years
begin
on
Jan
20
following
the
November
election,
The
president
publicly
takes
an
oath
of
office,
which is
administered
by
the
Chief
Justice of the U.S. A president can be
elected to office only twice.
美国总统任
期为
4
年，每位总统任期最多只能两届，总统宣誓
就职仪式是由美国首席大法官主持的。
9
．
Article I of
the Constitution grants all legislative power of
the federal
government to a Congress
composed of two chambers, a Senate and a House of
Representatives. The Senate is composed
of 2 members from each state, Membership
in the House is based on population and
its size is therefore not specified in the
Constitution.
国会由参议院和众议院组成，参议院由各州派出两
名议员共同组成，众议院
成员数则按各州人口及大小而定，因此众义员数宪法没有具体规
定。
10
．
The
Constitution
requires
that
U.S.
Senators
must
be
at
least
30
years
of
age,
citizens of the U.S for at least 9
years, and residents of the states from which
they are elected. The senatorial term
is 6 years, and every 2 years one-third of
the Senate stands for re-election.
宪法规定美国参议员必须是年满
30
岁有美国公民
资
格
9
年以上的公民，并且是选其为议
员的州的居民，参议员任期为
6
年，且每月年改选
1/3
的议员。
11
．
Menber
of
the
House
of
Representative
must
be
at
least
25,
citizens
for
7
years,
and
residents
of
the
states
which
send
them
to
Congress.
Today,
the
House
is
composed
of
435 members. Since members of the House serve two-
year terms, the life of a
Congress is
considered to be 2 years.
宪法规定美国众议员必须是年满
25
岁有美国公
民资格
7
年以上的公民，
并且是选其为议员的州的居民，
现在，
众议院由来
35
名议员组成，
由于众议员任期为
2
年，所以国会任期往往被认为是
2
年。
12
．
Each
hours
of
the
Congress
has
the
power
to
introduce
legislation
on
any
subject,
except revenue bills which must first
come from the House of Representatives.
除
了税收法案必须首先由众议院提出，国会的两院各自有权就任何提议立法。
13
．
The
Constitution provides that the Vice president
shall be president of the
Senate. He
has no vote, except in a case of a tie. The House
of Representatives
choose its own
presiding officer-the Speaker of the House.
宪法规定由美国副总统
担任参议院议长，议长不参加投票，除非出现两派票数相
等的情况，众议院则选出他自己
的主持官员，
-
众议院议长。
14
．
According to
the Constitution, the judicial power of the U.S
shall be vested
in one Supreme Court.
The judicial system has evolved into the present
structure:
the
Supreme
Court,
11
court
of
appeals,
91
district
courts,
and
3
courts
of
special
jurisdiction.
are
appointed
by
the
President
and
confirmed
by
the
Senate.
根据宪法规定，美国的司法权属于最高法院，司
法体系结构为：最高法院，
11
个上诉法院，
< br>91
个地方法院，
3
个有特殊司
法权的法院，美国的法官是由总统任命并由参议院批准的。
15
．
The Supreme
Court is the highest court of the U.S and is the
only organ which
has the power to
interpret the Constitution The Supreme Court at
present consists
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