全国外语翻译证书考试英语一级笔译样题

全国外语翻译证书考试英语一级笔译样题

第一部分：英译汉

Part 1

Translation from English into Chinese 3 hours

Read the following three passages.

Translate them into Chinese.

Write your answers on the answer sheets.

You may use additional paper for your draft but you must copy your

answers onto the answer sheets.

Passage 1

You Really Are What You Eat

Early

in

human

history,

food

launched

the

revolution

which

introduced

social

inequality.

At

first

it

was

a

matter

of

unequal

entitlements: some of the earliest known human burials reveal disparities

in nourishment. Great heroes of antiquity were heroic eaters, as renowned

for their prowess at table as in battle.

The next revolution went to the heart of what, to me, global history is

all about: long-range exchanges of culture, which happened as the reach

of

commerce

lengthened.

Taste

is

not

easily

communicable

between

cultures, yet today we eat high cuisines which call themselves fusion and

international.

How

did

it

happen?

Forces

capable

of

penetrating

cultural

barriers

and internationalising food include war, hunger and imperialism. Cultural

magnetism is powerful, too. But no influence equals that of trade, which

hovers like a waiter at the table of world food, carrying surprising dishes

to

unsuspecting

diners.

Trade

in

necessarily

well

travelled

productssalt

and

spiceslong

conditioned

global

politics

and

determined

economic

trends.

A

great

leap

in

the

range

of

world

trade

in

the

past

500

years

precipitated

the

next

great

revolution:

an

ecological

turnaround

which

made

it

possible

to

transplant

crops

and

transfer

livestock

to

new

climates.

In the past two centuries, world population growth and urbanisation

have

driven

a

last

revolution,

creating

a

food

deficit

which

only

industrialisation

could

bridge:

intensive

production,

mechanised

processing

and

supply.

Even

eating

was

industrialised

as

mealtimes

shifted

and

food

became

faster.

The

results

included

cheap

food

in

the

developing world which went rapidly from sufficiency to obesity. But in

parallel,

unindustrialised

economies

experienced

the

deadliest

famines

ever known.

In

partial

response,

as

population

figures

leapt

upwards,

late

20th

century agronomy forced the pace of production with high-yield grains,

chemical

fertilisers,

pesticides

and

irrigation.

It

fed

millions

who

might

otherwise have starved. But new solutions usually create new problems:

in this case, ecological damage. It is not yet clear whether we have the

means to escape from the worlds food problems, or merely the means of

multiplying

crisis.

The

next

revolution

will

probably

be

a

revulsion

in

favour of traditional agriculture, facilitated by a fall in world population.

Passage 2

In Defence of Globalization

To

keep

my

economist

union

card,

I

am

required

every

morning

when I arise to place my hand on the leather-bound family heirloom copy

of

Adam

Smiths

The

Wealth

of

Nations

and

swear

a

mighty

oath

of

allegiance to globalization. I hereby do asseverate my solemn belief that

globalization,

taken

as

a

whole,

is

a

positive

economic

force

and

well

worth

defending.

I

also

believe

that

the

economic

and

social

effects

of

globalization are exaggerated by both its detractors and

supporters.

In

media

coverage

of

anti-globalization

protests,

globalization

often

becomes a catch-all term for capitalism and injustice. (Indeed, for some

protestors, referring to capitalism and injustice would be redundant.) But

economic

globalization

in

fact

describes

a

specific

phenomenon:

the

growth in flows of trade and financial capital across national borders. The

trend has consequences in many areas, including sovereignty, prosperity,

jobs,

wages,

and

social legislation.

Globalization

is

too

important to

be

consigned to buzzword status.

The

degree

to

which

national

economies

are

integrated

is

not

at

all

obvious.

It

depends

on

your

choice

of

perspective.

During

the

last

few

decades, international flows of goods and financial capital have certainly

increased dramatically. One snap measure of globalization is the share of

economic production destined for sale in other countries.

The

global

tide

of

economic

growth

over

the

last

century

has

not

raised all economic ships. But globalization is an avenue through which

high-income

nations

can

reach

out

to

low-income

ones.

Expecting

the

poorest

people

in

the

world

to

pull

themselves

up

by

their

bootstraps,

without access to foreign investment, training, technical skills, or markets,

verges on indifference or cruelty. Foreign aid has its place, but as a matter

of

practical

politics,

it

will

never

arrive

in

sufficient

quantities,

nor

be

spent

with

sufficient

wisdom,

to

raise

overall

standards

of

living

dramatically in low-income countries. Only a combination of institutional

reforms

within

low-income

countries,

coupled

with

much

closer

connections

to

the

extraordinary

resources

and

buying

power

of

international markets, offers a realistic chance of substantially improving

the plight of the poorest people in the world.

Passage 3

Debt for Nonproliferation:

The Next Step in Threat Reduction

Debt

restructuring

and

reduction,

whereby

the

terms

of

a

loan

are

changed or part of a loan is forgiven, are common tools used by creditors