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考研英语（阅读）
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试卷
135
(
总分：
60.00
，做题时间：
9
0
分钟
)
一、
Reading Comprehension(
总题数：
6
，分数：
60.00)
1.
Section
II Reading Comprehension
（分数：
10.00
）
_________
__________________________________________________
_______________________________
解析：
2.
Part ADirections: Read the
following four texts. Answer the questions below
each text by
choosing A, B, C or D.
（分数：
10.00
）
____________________________________
__________________________________________________
____
解析：
Of all
the changes that have taken place in English-
language newspapers during the past
quarter-century, perhaps the most far-
reaching has been the inexorable decline in the
scope and
seriousness of their arts
coverage. It is difficult to the point of
impossibility for the average
reader
under the age of forty to imagine a time when
high-quality arts criticism could be found
in most big-city newspapers. Yet a
considerable number of the most significant
collections of
criticism published in
the 20th century consisted in large part of
newspaper reviews. To read
such books
today is to marvel at the fact that their learned
contents were once deemed suitable
for
publication in general-circulation dailies. We are
even farther removed from the unfocused
newspaper reviews published in England
between the turn of the 20th century and the eve
of World
War II, at a time when
newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts
criticism was considered an
ornament
to the publications in which it appeared. In those
far-off days, it was taken for granted
that the critics of major papers would
write in detail and at length about the events
they covered.
Theirs was a serious
business, and even those reviewers who wore their
learning lightly, like
George Bernard
Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know
what they were about. These men
believed in journalism as a calling,
and were proud to be published in the daily press.
So few
authors have brains enough or
literary gift enough to keep their own end up in
journalism, Newman
wrote,
hat I am tempted to define journalism
as a term of contempt applied by writers who
are not read to writers who are .
Unfortunately, these critics are virtually
forgotten. Neville
Cardus, who wrote
for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until
shortly before his death in 1975,
is
now known solely as a writer of essays on the game
of cricket. During his lifetime, though,
he was also one of England s foremost
classical-music critics, a stylist so widely
admired that
his
Autobiography(1947)became a best-seller. He was
knighted in 1967, the first music critic to
be so honored. Yet only one of his
books is now in print, and his vast body of
writings on music
is unknown save to
specialists. Is there any chance that Carduss
criticism will enjoy a revival?
The
prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had
changed long before his death, and postmodern
readers have little use for the richly
upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he
specialized.
Moreover, the amateur
tradition in music criticism has been in headlong
retreat.
（分数：
10.00
）
(1).It is indicated in
Paragraphs 1 and 2 that
（分数：
2
.00
）
criticism
has disappeared from big-city newspapers.
h-language newspapers used to carry
more arts reviews.
√
-quality newspapers retain a large
body of readers.
readers doubt the
suitability of criticism on dailies.
解
析：解析：推断题。本题可用排除法。
A
项“艺术评论已经从大
城市的报纸上消失了”
，第一段只是说“
decline
”
．不
等于
“
disappear
”
，
故排除。
B
项
“英文报纸过去常刊
载更多的艺术评论”
，
根据第二段第二句话可知此项正确。
C
项
“高
品质的报
纸留住了大批读者”
，原文没有提到相关信息。
D
项“年轻读者怀疑评论文章是否适合刊登在日报上”
，属于望
文生义，原文提到年轻读者惊诧于艺术评论曾被大量刊
登在面向普通读者发行的日报上这样一个事实，是为了说明现在艺术评论的衰落，而不是这些文章是否适合刊登
。
(2).Newspaper reviews in
England before World War II were characterized by<
/p>
（分数：
2.00
）
themes.
√
style.
ate layout.
l viewpoints.
解析：解析：推断题。本题
考查二战前英国报纸评论的特点，根据题干关键词定位到第三段。首句有三个词值得注意：
unfocused
、
dirt-cheap
、
ornament
，就是说
20
世纪初至二战前，英国的报纸评论内容包罗万象
(unfo
cused)
，新闻用
纸便宜
(dir
t-cheap)
，并且艺术评论仅仅是报纸的装饰
(orna
ment)
，由此可以推断出
A
项正确
，即报纸评论内容繁杂、
主题自由。
B
项“风格随意”
、
C
项“布局精心”<
/p>
、
D
项“观点激进”
，均是针对原文的
stylish
、
in detail and length
等出的干扰项。
(3).Which of the following would Shaw
and Newman most probably agree on?
（分数：<
/p>
2.00
）
is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goals.
is contemptible for writers to be
journalists.
s are likely to be
tempted into journalism.
all writers
are capable of journalistic writing.
√
解析：解析：细节题。根据题干
关键词定位到第三段。
D
项是对第三段末句
so few authors have brainsenough
or
literary
．
gift
enough
to
keep
their
own
end
up
in
journalism<
/p>
的同义改写，
not
all
相当于
sofew
，
ar
e
capable
of
相当于
have brains
enough or literary gift enough
，故选择
D
项。
A
项“认为作家都
有责任从事新闻工作”属于
过度推断，
B
项“作家们不屑去做新闻工作者”
，与两位作家对新闻工作的积极态度相悖。
C
项“作家有可能被吸引从事
新闻写作”无从推
知。
(4).What can be learned
about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?
（分数：
2.00
）
< br>
music criticism may not appeal
to readers today.
√
reputation as a music critic has long
been in dispute.
style caters
largely to modern specialists.
writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.
解析：解析：推断题。
A
项“他的音乐评论
对当今读者可能已没有什么吸引力了”是第四段最后一句
his vast
body of writings on music is unknown
save to
specialists
和第五段第三句
postmodern
readers have
little use
for
…
in which he specialized<
/p>
的概括和同义改写，故为正确答案。
B
项
“他作为音乐评论家享有的声誉
长久以来饱受争议”属于无中生有，原文并没有提到。<
/p>
C
项“他的风格主要迎合现代专业人士”与第四段最后一句相矛<
/p>
盾。
D
项“他写的文章未能遵循业余传统
”
，全文末句提到，业余音乐评论的传统业已经衰落，由此推出“业余传统”与
“卡达斯的音乐评论受欢迎”是一致的，故
D
项
不对。
(5).What would be the
best title for the text?
（分数：
2.00
）
pers of
the Good Old Days
Lost Horizon in
Newspapers
√
ul
Decline of Journalism
ent Critics in
Memory
解析：解析：主旨题。本文开头即提到英国报纸的艺术评论的衰退趋势
，第二、三段回顾
20
世纪初期至二战前夕艺术
评论的盛况，第四、五段说盛况不在，且复兴前景渺茫。整篇文章都在传达一个信息：报刊艺术评论逐渐
从公众视野中
消失，因此
B
项为正确答
案。
B
项用了比喻手法，
the ho
rizon
指“公众视野中的报刊艺术评论”
，
lost
指“衰落”
，并
涵盖
了两大主题词“艺术评论”和“衰落”
。
A
项中心词为“报纸”
，
C
项中心词
为“新闻业”
，
D
项中心词为“评论家
”
，
均不是对文章主题的正确概括。
In 1784, five years before he became
president of the United States, George Washington,
52, was
nearly toothless. So he hired
a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his
jaw
—
having extracted
them from the mouths of his slaves.
That s a far different image from the cherry-tree-
chopping
George most people remember
from their history books. But recently, many
historians have begun
to focus on the
roles slavery played in the lives of the founding
generation. They have been spurred
in
part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which
almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson
had fathered at least one child with
his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30
years
have scholars examined history
from the bottom up. Works of several historians
reveal the moral
compromises made by
the nations early leaders and the fragile nature
of the countrys infancy.
More
significantly, they argue that many of the
Founding Fathers knew slavery was
wrong
—
and yet
most did little to fight it. More than
anything, the historians say, the founders were
hampered
by the culture of their time.
While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed
distaste for
slavery, they also
understood that it was part of the political and
economic bedrock of the country
they
helped to create. For one thing, the South could
not afford to part with its slaves. Owning
slaves was like having a large bank
account, says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God:
George
Washington, His Slaves, and the
Creation of America. The southern states would not
have signed
the Constitution without
protections for the peculiar institution,
including a clause that
counted a
slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of
congressional representation. And the
statesmen s political lives depended on
slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson
his
narrow victory in the presidential
election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the
southern states
in the Electoral
College. Once in office, Jefferson extended
slavery with the Louisiana Purchase
in
1803; the new land was carved into 13 states,
including three slave states. Still, Jefferson
freed Hemings s
children
—
though not Hemings
herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.
Washington, who had begun to believe
that all men were created equal after observing
the bravery
of the black soldiers
during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong
opposition of his relatives
to grant
his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a
decade earlier, such an act would have required
legislative approval in Virginia.
（分数：
10.00
）
(1).George Washington s dental surgery
is mentioned to
（分数：
2.00
）
the primitive
medical practice in the past.
trate
the cruelty of slavery in his days.
the role of slaves in the U.S. history.
some unknown aspect of his life.
√
解析：解析：细节题。本题可以
运用排除法。
A
项就事论事，很明显作者提及该事例的目的不是
为了单纯地介绍过去原
始的医疗行为。文中没有提及奴隶制度的残酷。排除
B
项。
C
项本身逻辑上存在
漏洞，该事例最多只能说明奴隶对于华
盛顿本人的作用，谈不上在美国历史上的作用。故
选
D
项，作者从他人不熟悉的故事入手，让读者看到一个“不同
于历
史书中的华盛顿”
。
(2).We may infer from the second
paragraph that
（分数：
2.00
）
technology has
been widely applied to history research.
its early days the U.S. was
confronted with delicate situations.
√
ians
deliberately made up some stories of Jeffersons
life.
cal compromises are easily
found throughout the U.S. history.
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