综合英语教程4 第7单元Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness 课文答案、翻译等 很全面

Unit7 Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness

P1 Listening and Speaking Activities

1 Brainstorming

Expressions

of disciplinary matters at the workplace:

Expressions of types of employment:

Expressions of recruiting/firing

:

Expressions of positions/job titles:

2 Listening

Listening script

I'm a policeman in New York City and my name is John Davy. Ever since I was a young boy I’ve always

wanted to be a cop .I thought it would be the best job in the world. If I wasn't a cop, I don't think

I could be anything else. Of course they tell me I'm a good cop. My superiors say I'm conscientious,

that I have strong sense of justice and fairness and a great respect for the law. To be honest with you,

my

conscience

would

bother

me

if

I

didn't

give

100%

and

if

I

didn't

try

to

live

up

to

my

ideals.

My

friends

tell me I'm too idealistic, too nice and, as the saying goes, nice guys finish last , but my job is to

serve the people and I try to do my best.

I work with the police department's emergency service patrol in a largely black neighborhood in

Brooklyn, New York. It's a rough and dangerous neighborhood, very rough. I admit it hasn't been easy.

Since being assigned to the neighborhood, I've been shot, spit at, and hit with bottles, rocks, sticks,

and

Molotov

Cocktails

. Yes,

it's

not

easy

being

a

cop

in

New

York

City

,

but

I've

been

awarded

citations

for my courage and for my quick thinking and performance in emergency situations.

Oh, I could tell you many exciting stories. Once, we set up a net for a potential jumper. A young

man was on a ledge 23 stories up from the street. His girlfriend had left him and now he was threatening

to

jump.

We

got

his

girlfriend,

his

close

friend,

a

priest,

his

mother

to

try

and

talk

him

out

of

jumping,

but nothing worked. He was going to jump. Then I started to talk to him. I talked as long as I could

—

until I got too close to him. Then he shouted out,

away. An hour later, with a belt tied around me, with a line my partner held, I jumped from the ledge

and came up right in front of the young man and trapped him. I felt what they call

A life has been saved and that's important to me. To me that's success - to do your job and to do it

well. No holding back , especially when it means saving a human life.

Some people in the neighborhood think cops are the bad guys. They just don't like us. Yeah, we have

some bad cops in the department who don't always obey the rules and who sometimes use too much force

and injure people. But you know, when someone has been hit by a car and you walk into the crowd standing

around

dumbfounded and

you

take

charge,

telling

this

person

to

get

a

blanket,

this

one

to

get

some

water,

and you comfort the injured person; that looks good in front of the cro

wd. They say,

good

cops here.

feel good. I

feel like I'm

doing my job

. I feel like

I'm helping

people. Anyway, it's my duty as a cop.

Recently, I was again cited for outstanding service and this time was promoted to sergeant. As they

say, I'm a good cop, and good guys don't always finish last.

1. What makes John a good policeman?

John likes his job as a cop. He feels it's

a

strong

sense

of

justice

and

fairness,

and

respects

the

law.

John

exerts

himself

to

the

utmost

and

tries

to live up to his ideals.

2. Has John’s job as a policeman been easy and safe?

No.

Being

a

policeman

in

New

York

is

difficult

and

dangerous.

Besides,

he

works

in

a

rough

neighborhood.

He has been shot, spit at, and hit with bottles, rocks, sticks, and Molotov Cocktails. Once he risked

his life to save a man from jumping off a ledge 23 stories up from the street.

3. Why was John awarded citations?

John is given awards for his bravery, his quick thinking and performance in emergencies.

4. Why don’t some people like policemen in John’s district?

John

admits

that

there

are

bad

cops

on

the

force,

cops

who

don't

always

obey

the

rules

and

who

sometimes

use too much force and injure people.

5 Establishing new work ethic

Misdemeanors at work

reading newspapers at work

What can be done?

no newspaper

chatting

at

work,

using

MSN

to

chat

with

friends

during

supervision

work hours on the company computer

being late, procrastination

competition, warning, and

discipline

training

being rude to customers, neglect, callous

absent from duty without permission

sharing stocks/share arrangement

playing computer games at work

punishment

making private calls on the company telephone during

telephone lock

business hours

playing company politics

using company facilities for private errands

taking company stationary for personal use

P2 Reading Comprehension and Language Activities

Text Translation

别再为迟到找借口

warning, discipline, fine

warning, discipline, fine

warning, discipline, fine

哈里·贝地

每个办公室总有那么几个人习惯上班迟到。管理者该如何处理多元文化环境里的这一问题呢？文化背景不同，时 间观念也大不相

同，作为老板，应持何种态度，是忍气吞声还是采取惩罚措施呢？

专家告诉我们，西方人和东方人对时间的看法是不同的。从文化角度 来说，西方人更多地生活在当前和不远的将来，而亚洲人却

更多地生活在古老的过去和遥 远的未来。

亚洲人尽力避免成为时间的神经质的奴隶。生活在 他们看来只是永恒中的匆匆一瞬。他们喜欢旅游所带来的那种“失重”感，没

有近期目标 ，也没有紧急任务。

对许多亚洲人来说，生活是一次漫长的旅 行。幸福绝对不是一个时间问题。他们喜欢按部就班，不愿来去匆匆。静观季节的变化、

儿女的成长也不认为是在虚度光阴。

西方人相信幸福就在不远 的前方。多花点时间，多费点金钱，多下点工夫就能达到。尤其是美国人，他们就靠时间紧迫的日程安

但是学究们深思熟虑悟出 的这一见解又是如何与上班守时这一问题联系起来的呢？是否我们应该从这种文化方面的差异得出结

论，一些雇员上班拖拖拉拉就是合情合理的？还是说这意味着一个管理者应该忽略守时这一工作守则呢 ？

表面上看来，管理者会不得不对一些文化群体比对另一些文 化群体在守时方面更宽容一些，但是这在城市文明中是站不住脚的，

它将使人相信此种文 化的时间观念比西方的时间观念逊色这一学术论调。

这便混淆了两种截然不同的事情：遵守时间和对时间的哲学观。

一个人认为时间是以百年来度量的，并非以秒来计算，这与他每天能够按时到办公室上班 并无关系。没有哪一个亚洲雇员会为自

己的迟到找一个文化背景方面的借口。他可能会寻 找一些更现代化的借口，如交通堵塞、表慢了以及停车麻烦等。这些措辞与西方办

公室人 员所用的藉口并无区别。为什么在亚洲经常以这些借口迟到可以被接受，而在西方这样一个人却被认为是不可依靠 、不可信赖

的呢？

问题可能是，在我 们亚洲人的社会生活中，对于那些让我们在市区约会的地点等候半小时的亲友们，我们往往比较宽容。我们不

会认为他们不把我们的友谊和亲情当回事儿。我们也不会认为他们失礼。更糟糕的是，我们还 容许他们用含糊其辞的借口来为自己开

脱。

< br>可是，如何对待社会生活中的那些迟到者却是个人问题。而在现代商业领域，我们不容许有这种灵活性。< /p>

如果一个人偶尔一次上班迟到，谁也不会在意。遵守时间不应成 为一时的风尚。而在一个办公环境中，应该有这样一种纪律约束

的氛围来使人们遵守时间 。

即使那些实行弹性工作时间的公司，也会规定哪些时间雇员 必须在办公室，否则就无法召集各个部门一起开会。

一些公司 可能会主动改变他们的上下班时间，以使雇员能够避开交通高峰期。但那并不是说就不再需要守时。

一般来说，迟到这一问题只和少数雇员有关。管理者应该试图通过劝告—— 必要的话可反复教育——来改变他们的坏习惯。这并

非易事，而且有时还颇需要些耐心。

但是，我们也应摆脱那种认为期望别人守时就是不能容忍某种 文化的迂腐观点。这种陈词滥调应当立即摒弃。

Text Organization

1 Comprehension work

A Probe the story

1. According to the scholars, what is the Asian concept of time?

Asians live more in the ancient past or in the distant future. They view life as a passing moment

and prefer a steady pace.

2. How do Westerners view time?

Westerners live more in the present and the near future. They always have immediate and urgent

objectives to achieve with time- pressing schedules or deadlines.

3.

What

figure

of

speech

does

the

writer

use

to

illustrate

the

cultural

difference

regarding

the

concept

of time?

The

writer

uses

a

number

of

metaphors

to

make

his

point:

slavery

indicates

being

abnormally

bound to tight schedules;

will; one's life course is compared to

reach.

4. Does the writer agree to the claim that unpunctuality is related to a certain cultural outlook? Why?

The

writer

does

not

agree

to

the

claim.

He

thinks

that

whether

a

person

is

punctual

or

not

has

nothing

to do with his cultural outlook, because observance of time and philosophical perception of time are

two different things.

5. How do Asians and Westerners react to unpunctuality?

Asians

tend

to

be

more

tolerant

of

bad

punctuality

and

are

more

ready

to

accept

a

latecomer's

dubious

excuses,

while

Westerners

view

bad

punctuality

as

an

undesirable

practice

and

believe

that

it

shows

that

a person is not trustworthy or dependable.

6. What is the writer’s v

iew on punctuality in the business world?

The writer thinks that in daily life it is up to an individual whether to be punctual or not, but