-
Outside view
Voice-
over
Welcome
to
Changing
Lifestyles.
Today
we'll
take
a
look
at
the
changing
role
of
fathers.
In
the 1950s and the 1960s, most fathers went to work
every day and most mothers stayed at home
to take care of the children. However,
since the late 60s and the early 70s, family life
has
been
changing
dramatically.
Instead
of
accepting
the
rigid
roles
imposed
by
society,
many
couples
have been deciding
to change their work-life balance. More mothers
have been pursuing careers,
while at
the same time fathers have been devoting more time
to caring for children and doing
household chores. This is David Noll.
David is 33 years old, husband and father of two
girls.
David is a modern father. He and
his wife both pursue careers and share in raising
the children
and doing
housework.
Diane
OK, well then are you going to go to
the playground
Children 1
Right. Right, Mama.
Diane
Right. I love
you.
Children 2
Bububa.
Diane
Bye-bye.
Children
1
Bye.
Diane
Bye-bye.
Voice-
over
David's father Bob Noll was also a
loving father, but David's role as a father was
different.
During
the
early
part
of
his
career,
Bob
went
to
work
every
day
while
his
wife
Shirley
stayed home. Bob
worked for 38 years at Westinghouse as an
electrical engineer. Bob worked on
some
of the first computers ever produced. Bob had
always been an involved father. But in 1970
Shirley decided to go back to work.
That was when Bob's role as a father
changed.
Bob
When
Shirley went back to work, I had to change my, uh,
role and start to do more cooking,
um,
driving
the
children
here
and
there.
When
our
children
were
growing
up
I
took
a
lot
of
interest
in
them, what they were doing.
David
I think in many ways
I, I was probably better prepared for the changing
roles that I've
had to take on by, by
my father.
Bob
We
did
many things together and I
tried to get them involved in other
areas that they seemed
to show interest
in, such as theatre and magic.
David
He did a great deal
more than I think many fathers, I mean I, I can
think of childhood
friends whose
fathers, you know, were running businesses who,
who participated almost at, not,
not at
all in their, in their, in their development. Um,
and I think I had, I think I had a role
model.
Bob
I remember David was interested in, he
got very interested in magic and, and juggling,
and
he was an avid reader.
Voice-over
As a young man,
David loved magic. But he pursued a career as a
biochemist. Before
having children,
David spent 40 hours per week studying cellular
DNA in a research lab. And his
wife
Diane
spent
40
hours
a
week
working
as
a
lawyer
in
Washington
DC.
After
the
girls
were
born,
David
and
Diane
both
cut
back
on
their
hours
in
order
to
take
care
of
their
daughters.
As
a
research
scientist,
David's
schedule
was
more
flexible.
So
he
took
on
more
responsibility
for
the
children's day-to-day
care.
David
Well,
I have been able, uh, to adjust my schedule so
that I can be home at 5 o'clock, um,
for
the
kids
and
if
the
children
are
sick,
being
able
to
come
home,
um,
take
them
to
the
doctors.
We go for a walk, we take the dogs up
the street, go to the park, hang out at the park.
And then
we head back, uh, to the house
and, and begin preparing dinner.
Voice-over
Since
Bob
retired
ten
years
ago,
he
has
been
enjoying
his
role
as
a
grandfather.
He's
been travelling with
his wife, Shirley, and he's been playing tennis.
Meanwhile, David is just
beginning his
journey as a father in a new era.
David
It can be difficult,
especially when, you know, you're, you're taking
on new roles for
the first time. And it
can be, it can be disconcerting and it can be more
comfortable to take
on those
traditional roles. Um, I have, I think I have many
more responsibilities than, than
even
most
fathers
do
today,
um,
and
certainly
more,
I,
I
think
than
when
my
father
was,
was
raising
his children. Um,
but the, the difference is not the sort of classic
role reversal. I'm, I'm
not
a
stay-at-home
Dad.
We
have
an
excellent
babysitter
who,
that,
who
has
allowed
us,
um,
allowed
both my wife and I
the opportunities to continue pursuing our career.
Voice-over
While
there are many differences in how David and Bob
have raised their children,
there are
many important similarities.
Listening in
Passage 1
Host
There's a question that's been argued
about for a long time. Which is more important,
your
family environment or your genes
Well, a story has come up in the news about
identical twins,
separated at
birth.
They've just
been
reunited
-
and
guess what
-
there
are some
amazing
coincidences in
their life stories.
Here's
the
story
-
two
American
girls
called
Tamara
and
Adriana
were
separated
at
birth
and
adopted
by two different sets of parents. And
this is where the coincidences begin. Both
families ended
up living 25 miles
apart. Both girls decided to study psychology at
universities that are only
a mile apart
from each other. Isn't that strange
And
this
girl,
who's
a
friend
of
both
of
them,
insists
they
meet.
Just
before
they
meet,
Adriana's
mother tells her
that she has a twin sister. Can you imagine how
that must feel when you're 20
years
old
to
learn
you
have
a
twin
And
when
the
girls
meet,
it's
like
looking
in
a
mirror
-
they're
identical! Now get this! Both Tamara
and Adriana's adoptive fathers died when the girls
were
children.
Both
girls
fell
through
glass
doors
at
the
age
of
five
-
that's
hard
to
believe,
isn't
it Their boyfriends look alike and
have similar
names -
Alex and Adam. And this
is
the best part
- both of them
have the same recurring dream. Isn't that
incredible - they have the same dream!
I think it's an amazing story. So, for
all those of you out there who have comments, and
I'm
sure you do, the lines are open.
OK, we've got Josh on the line. Hi
Josh!
Josh
Hi.
Host
So, what do you make of this
story
Josh
It's a
great story but it doesn't surprise me at all. I'm
an identical twin.
Host
You are
Josh
Yeah, my brother's called Toby, and
we're 22, and we're going out with two sisters ...
and
we're having a double wedding next
June.
Host
Congratulations! So-what do you think-
is it our genes that decide who we are These kind
of stories seem to suggest
it.
Josh
Well,
I'm not a scientist, but I think so.
Host
Research tells us that
it's about fifty-fifty.
Josh
I, I
disagree.
Host
Thanks Josh. OK, our next caller is
...
Passage
2
Part 1
Voice-over
Kidney
transplants
are
of
two
kinds
-transplants
from
dead
people
and
living
transplants,
transplants from people who are alive. Mostly the
donor, the person who gives the
kidney,
is a relative - a parent, brother or sister. We
all recognize that it's one of the most
selfless
things
a
person
can
do,
to
give
a
kidney
to
someone,
but
as
the
operation
becomes
safer
and
safer,
more
and
more
people
are
doing
it.
We
talked
to
two
sisters
who
have
had
the
experience
-Henrietta
Longmore, a journalist
aged 40, married
with one son, and her sister, Teresa Parker,
aged 38, married with two children.
They come from a family with four children. Here's
their
story.
Teresa
Henrietta and I were
close as children. She was the big sister and she
was -just like
a mother to us younger
kids. Our parents were both doctors and our mum
was very busy.
We were close
right through our teenage years. And then we
shared a flat and had a lot of the
same
friends. It was great.
Henrietta
Yes,
we've
always
been
close.
I
felt
very
protective
of
my
brother
and
sisters
because,
like Teresa says,
our parents were always so busy. But I also felt a
bit jealous of Teresa -
she was my
dad's favourite -but it didn't affect our
relationship.
Teresa
Henrietta
got
kidney
failure
five
years
ago,
but
for
several
years
she
was
fine
and
seemed
quite healthy.
Henrietta
Yes, I never
thought of asking my family for a kidney. The
hospital was brilliant and
I really did
feel fine, most of the time.
Part 2
Teresa
But then a year ago
she became very ill and almost died. I was
terrified. I knew if she
died, I'd
blame myself. You know, why I hadn't done more to
help her. So I decided to find out
more
about giving her a kidney.
Henrietta
Yes, I did almost
die. It was awful. I, I was never going to ask
Teresa for a kidney
but I kind of knew
that she would offer. To be honest, I felt I would
have done the same.
Teresa
Yes. At first I was a bit scared. But
we went for a three-hour talk at the hospital and
it was very reassuring. My whole family
came. And they felt OK about it too, which was
very
important.
Henrietta
People
don't
know
that
you
only
need
ten
per
cent
of
one
kidney
to
be
completely
healthy,
and kidney donors
often live longer than other people.
Teresa
Yes,
you
have
to
be
very
healthy
to
give
a
kidney.
The
hospital
makes
sure
of
that.
Anyway,
after the operation I got better very
fast - probably because you know you've done
something
worthwhile and it does make
you feel very good.
Henrietta
I
can't
describe
how
grateful
I
feel
to
Teresa.
It's
such
an
amazing
thing
to
do.
What
can I say Her courage
was, was extraordinary. She just didn't seem
afraid at all.
Teresa
You do get a lot of praise for doing
something like this. I'd like to do something that
no one knows about.
Outside
view
Speaker 1
Let's take a trip to Australia.
Speaker 2
That sounds like
fun, but I won't be able to come. I'm too busy.
You can go if you
promise to tell me
all about it.
Speaker
1
OK.
Speaker
2
Oh, and get me some photos of
kangaroos and koalas. I'd love to see
them.
Voice-over
So
here
I
am
in
Australia.
How
about
a
few
facts
to
start
with
Australia
is
the
largest
27,000
kilometres of coastline.
It's the
world's smallest
continent, but the
sixth largest country. Its population is only 20
million, so there's a lot
of space.
This is Perth on the west coast. It's famous for
its black swans. If you come here,
you'll definitely want to go sailing.
This is Uluru, or Ayers Rock. This amazing rock
formation
is
in
the
traditional
lands
of
the
original
inhabitants
of
Australia
-the
Aborigines.
Their
rock
paintings have been
preserved here for centuries. If you want sun, sea
and sand, Queensland is
the
place
to
be.
This
is
where
you
can
find
the
famous
Great
Barrier
Reef.
It's
the
world's
largest
natural feature and
is 2,300 kilometres long.
Sydney is
Australia's biggest city with
over four
million people -nearly a quarter of the
entire population. The Opera House and Sydney
Harbour
Bridge are famous landmarks. If
you like surfing, you'll have to visit the world-
famous Bondi
Beach.
The
smallest
state
is
the
Australian
Capital
Territory
around
the
city
of
Canberra,
which
is the capital of
Australia. And finally, this is Melbourne -a
lively city in the southeast.
I did
promise pictures of koalas and kangaroos. Are
these OK
Listening in
Passage 1
Part
1
Matt
So how was
your visit to the USA How did you get
on
Caroline
Well,
it was great. A bit difficult at the start, but it
got better.
Matt
So what happened
Caroline
Well, I started my
trip in New York, but the trouble was I forgot to
ring my friend
Dave before I left
London and ask him to meet me. Then, just as the
plane was landing at New
York airport,
this French businessman sitting next to me called
Serge, gave me a warning,
shouldn’t
arrive in New York alone.
rried, but I
was going to call Dave
as soon as I
arrived, so I hoped I'd be OK. But when we got off
the plane, I was feeling a bit
nervous.
As soon as I walked out into the arrivals hall
this crowd of people surrounded me. And
when Serge disappeared, I did feel
lonely and rather foolish.
Matt
I can see
why.
Caroline
And
when
I
saw
a
smiling
group
of
new
arrivals,
you
know,
tourists
from
England,
I
wanted
to join them. Just as I was starting to
panic, someone tapped me on the shoulder. It was
Serge.
I was so relieved.
Matt
Thank heavens for
strange men!
Caroline
Exactly! But when I called Dave from
Serge's office, he was out. It was late by now
so I had to find a hotel. Serge told
his driver to take me to a hotel in the Bronx. As
soon as
I got out of the car, two
policemen in a police car stopped me and asked
what I was doing in
the district as it
was dangerous at night. And at the reception desk,
when I explained that I
was on my own,
they didn't want to give me a room.
Matt
So what did you
do
Caroline
Well,
I
had to
wait at reception
until
the
school
in Albany, where
I was going
to work,
sent an email. When
the hotel knew what I was doing in the States, I
got a room.
Part
2
Caroline
Well,
in
the
end
I
got
in
touch
with
Dave
and
spent
the
next
few
nights
with
his
family.
But it was cold, and a freezing cold
wind was blowing all the time.
Matt
But it all went better
for you after that
Caroline
Well,
yes,
until
one
morning
I
decided
to
go
for
a
walk.
I
was
really
enjoying
the
fresh
air, when I realized
that I was lost. Then I found a street, which
looked like the one the fiat
was on ...
but then I found another one, and another
one.
Matt
Oh no!
You must have been very frightened!
Caroline
Well, I was. I
couldn't remember the address of the flat. It was
freezing cold, minus
12 degrees. I was
standing by the side of the road, praying that
Dave would . send out a search
party
when
suddenly
a
car
stopped,
and
the
driver
said,
I
was
so
relieved.
Within
a
couple
of minutes I was drinking tea with Dave
and the driver back home. His name was Kevin and
he was
on his way to work. He wasn't a
taxi driver at all.
Matt
Was he a friend of Dave's
Caroline
No, just someone
who was going to work when he saw someone looking
lost, I think. They
can be very
friendly, the Americans.
Part3
Caroline
I then took the train to Albany. No one
was waiting for me at the station, although
the school where I was working was
going to send someone. I later learnt that the
person didn't
recognize me because I
was wearing a thick coat and a warm hat. So I took
a taxi to the school,
where I met one
of the other teachers, Rebecca. She invited me to
stay with her. She lived in
a
fiat
near
the
schobol,
which
she
was
sharing
with
three
other
people.
I
didn't
have
much
money,
because I hadn't been paid yet, and I
wasn't living on the school campus, so I tried to
find
some cheap food in the evenings.
There was an old man selling hot dogs on a street
corner. By
the end of the first week,
he greeted me and had a hot dog and coffee ready
for me. Ah, it was
an amazing
experience.
Passage 2
There
was this man, and he's riding his bike along the
road, heading towards the border between
Mexico and the United States. So he
comes up to the border, and this guard stops him.
And he
points to two sacks the man has
on his shoulders.
So the guard says,
So the man on the bike did as he was
told, emptied the sacks, and poured the sand on
the ground.
back
into the sacks, puts them on his shoulders and
goes across the border.
Anyway, two weeks later, the man on the
bike turns up at the border again, on his bike
with two
sacks on his
shoulders.
So the guard
says,
onto the ground, puts the sand
back in the sacks, puts the sacks on his
shoulders, gets back
on his bike and
goes across the border.
This
goes on every
week
for six
months, man on the bike, guard at the
border, sacks
on the
man's
shoulders, sand on the ground, sand
back in the sacks, man across the border ... until
one day
the man on the bike with the
sand bags doesn't turn up.
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