土壤翻译

First, the concept of the characteristics of the soil pollution

Soil pollution harmful toxic substances into the soil beyond the self-purification capacity of

the soil, resulting in soil physical, chemical and biological properties change, reducing crop yields

and

quality,

the

phenomenon

of

harm

to

human

health.

From

the

perspective

of

environmental

science to define soil pollution is the waste and toxic and hazardous substances into the soil over

the soil self-purification capacity, destruction of the state of the natural balance of the soil system

completely soil quality deterioration or recession phenomenon.

译：

第一，土壤污染的特征概念

土壤污 染有害物质进入土壤，

超出其自净能力，

从而导致了土壤物理、

化学及生物特性

的改变，

减少农作物的 产量和质量，

危害人类健康的现象。

从环境科学的角度去定义土 壤污

染是垃圾和有毒有害物质进入土壤并超过了土壤自身的净化能力，

< br>土壤系统的自然平衡破坏

的状态和土壤质量下降或衰退的现象。

< br>

Major pollutants

nic contaminants (such as heavy metals, acids, salts, etc.)

c pesticides (such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc.)

c waste (such as biodegradable or degradable organic waste, etc.)

, slag and fly ash, radioactive substances, parasites, pathogens

Characteristics of land contamination

1 soil pollution has hidden and lag

2 Accumulation of soil pollution

3 soil pollution irreversible

4 soil pollution refractory rational

译：

主要污染物

1

、

无机污染物（例如重金属、酸、盐等）

2

、

有机农药（例如化肥、农药、除草剂等）

3

、

有机废物（例如生物降解或降解有机物等等）

4

、

污泥、 矿渣和粉煤灰、放射性物质

,

寄生虫

,

病原体

土地污染的特点

1

、

土壤污染具有隐蔽性和滞后性

2

、

土壤污染具有积累性

3

、

土壤污染后不能逆转

4

、

土壤污染很难治理

Second. Soil pollution reasons

1 sewage for irrigation

Sewage and industrial waste water, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and many plants

need

nutrients,

so

reasonable

use

of

Sewage

Irrigation,

general

stimulation

containing heavy metals, phenols, cyanide and other toxic and hazardous substances directly used

for farmland irrigation, will pollute the soil.

2 air pollution

Atmospheric pollution can be divided into two categories: gas pollution, such as sulfur dioxide,

fluoride, ozone, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, etc.; aerosol pollution, such as dust, soot and other

solid particles and liquid smoke, fog and other particles, they are by sedimentationor precipitation

into the soil and cause pollution

3 excessive application of fertilizers

Long-term

large- scale

use

of

chemical

fertilizers

such

as

nitrogen,

phosphorus,

will

destroy

the

soil

structure,

resulting

in

soil

compaction,

degradation

of

arable

soil

tilth

shallow

plowing

deteriorated security fertilizer capacity decline and deterioration of the biological properties, and

increase the cost of agricultural production, the impact the crop yield and quality

4 heavy use of pesticides

Crops from the soil to absorb pesticides accumulated in plant roots, stems, leaves, fruits and seeds,

and endanger human and livestock health through food

5 solid waste

Industrial

waste

and

municipal

waste

soil

solid

contaminants.

For

example,

a

wide

range

of

all

kinds of trash generated management, recycling poor, the large amount of waste was left on the

land caused by land pollution.

6 heavy metals

Heavy

metal

pollutants

into

the

soil

to

the

presence

of

soluble

and

insoluble

particles,

such

as

fluorine, mercury, cadmium, Zn, Pb, Ni such as arsenic, chromium in the soil that can be absorbed

by plants and enriched.

7 radioactive material contamination of soil

Soil radiation contamination source of uranium and thorium mining, uranium enrichment, nuclear

waste

disposal,

nuclear

weapons

explosions,

nuclear

experiments,

coal-fired

power

plants,

phosphate ore mining processing. Easily adsorbed by the soil, the residence time is longer

译：

第二，土壤污染的原因

1

、

污水灌溉

污水和工业废水含有氮、< /p>

磷、

钾和许多植物需要的营养物质，

一般 刺激影响污水含有重金属、

氰化物、酚类等有毒有害物质直接用来农田灌溉，会污染土壤 。

2

、

大气污染

大气污染可以被分为两类< /p>

:

气体污染，如二氧化硫，氟化物，臭氧，氮氧化物，碳氢化合物

等

;

气溶胶污染，如灰尘，煤烟和其它 固体颗粒和液体烟，雾和其它颗粒，它们是通过沉降

或沉淀到土壤而造成污染。

3

、

化肥的过量使用

长期大量的使用化学 肥料如氮、

磷会破坏土壤结构，

造成土壤板结，

土壤耕地退化耕层浅耕

翻恶化，

保肥能力下降和生物学 特性下降，

并增加农业生产成本，

影响农作物的产量和品质。< /p>

4

、

农药的大量使用

农作物从土壤中吸收 的农药积累在植物的根、

茎、

叶、果实和种子，并通过食物来危 害人类

和牲畜的健康

5

、

固体废物

工业垃圾和城市固体废弃污 染物如大范围各种类的污染物的管理，

回收利用不善导致大量的

废弃物被遗留在土地上并导致了土地被污染。

6

、

重金属污染

重金属污染物进入土壤以 可溶性或不溶性颗粒存在于土壤中，如氟、汞、镉、锌、铅、镍。

如砷，铬在可以被植物 吸收并丰富了土壤的成分。

7

、

放射性污染

土壤放射性污染的来源采 矿、

铀和钍铀浓缩

,

核废物处置

,

核武器爆炸

,

核的 实验中

,

燃煤电厂、