-
英语科技论文写作技巧
研究现状模块的常用句式
研究现状模
块,主要阐述其他学者、也包括作者本
人与论文要探讨的问题或现象相
< br>
关的研究工作,通常先“总”后“分”地陈述。研究现状这部分的目
的是引出存在
的问题。
“总述”常用一个句子概括相关的研究工作,一般用现在完成时:
(1)
用主动语态时,常用
researcher
/
author
/
investigator
/
writer
等作主语,
如:
Many
/
Several
/
A number of
/
Few researchers have
studied
/
investigated
/
examined
/
explored
/
reported on
/
discussed
/
considered+
研究主题.
(2)
用被动语态时,常用
study
/
research
/
investigation
/
experiment
/
work
/
attention
等作主语。如果描述“研究主题”的单词
少,那么“研究主题”可置于
句中,如:
Many
studies
/
researches
/
investigationes
/
experimentes
on+
研
究主题
+have been
performed
/
done
/
published
.当描述“研究主题”的单词较
多时,可置于句末,如:
Much
work
/
attention has been performed
/
done
/
published on+
研究主题.
用被动语态时,也可用“研究主题”作主语,如:研究主题
+has been
studied
/
investigated
p>
/
examined
/
explored
/
reported on
/
discussed
/
considered
by many investigators
/
several researchers
/
a number of authors
/
few writers
.又
如:
The study of+
研究主题
+has been
widely reported
/
found
/
published in
the literature
分
述”是具体地介绍他人所做的相关研究成果。需要注意的是,这部分所列参考
文献要准确、全
面,不能堆积,更不能将每篇参考文献的摘要抄一遍,而
是要概括
出与论文研究有关的要点:
(1)
用主动语态时,可用学者的姓氏作主语
(
下例中用
somebody
替代了学者的姓氏
)
。
常采用过去
时
(
也可用现在完成时
)
。值得一提的是,文献
[1]
只总结了下述第一、
二种句式,事实上,笔者发
现第三种句式比前两种句式更常见得多:<
/p>
第一种是主从复合句,如:
Somebody
showed/found/reported
/
noted
/
suggested
/
observed
/
pointed
out+that
从句。其中
that
从句是叙述
somebody
所做的具体
研究成果。
第二种是并列两个句子,
第一句仅描述某位学者的研究活动,第二句才叙述其研究
成果。如:
Somebody
studied
/
researched
/
investigated
/
explored
/
examined the
effect of X on
Y
.
He
/
They found+that
从句.
第三种是简单句,直接介绍某学者的研究工作,如:
Somebody investigated
/
has investigated+
研究内容
(+by
/
using X
method)
。当依次介绍多位学者的研究工作
时,为避免单调,可根据不同
的研究内容轮换使用下述动词,
如
study , solve
,seek
,
describe
,
predict
,
carry out
,
emply
,
develop
,
find
,
calculate
,
analyse
,
obtain
,
present
,
propose
,
report
,
account for
,
take into
account
,
establish
等
.
(2)
采用被动语态的简单句,用研究内容作主语。如:研究内容
+ was/has been investigated+by
somebody using X method
.
指出问题模块的常用句式
指出问题模块是在阐述和分析研究现状之后,指出仍有某个
<
/p>
(
或某些
)
问题
或
现象值
得进一步研究,目的是在“
研究现状”模块与“研究目的或内容”模块之间起到承
上启下的作用,通常
1
—
2
个句子即可。可以用
It should be mentioned that
导,例如:
It should
be mentioned that in all references discussed
above the foundation
has been assumed
to be linear in order to simplify the model
.但
更常见的是用
However
引
出:
(1)
阐述“对于论文将要开展的工作,已有文献没有考虑”
时,可用现在完成时被
动语态的句式,如口:
Howeve
r,
论文中将要展幵的研究工作
+have not been considered
/
have not been
taken into account
/
have
been ignored
/
have been
neglected in the
mentioned above
studies
/
researches
< br>/
works
/
investi
gations
.
(2)
阐述“对于论文将要开展的工作,已有文献研究得较少”时,可以使用形容词
< br>
rare
,通常用现在时,
如:
However
,
the literature
/
w
ork
/
research
/
attention
concerning+
论文将要展开的研究工作
+is
rare
.但是,更常见的情况是:用
few
,
little
或
no
等修饰词引出。用
little
或
no
来修饰
work
,
literature
,
research
及
attention
等不可数单数
名词,用
few
或
no
来修饰
studies
,
papers
,
researchers
及
investigators
等可数的复数名
词;后面通常用现在完
成时或现在时。
现在完成时的句式:
However, few studies have been done
on
/
few studies have been
published on
/
few
studies have reported on
studied
/
little research
has been devoted to
/
little
/
few researchers have
attention has been paid
to
/
little information has been
published concerning
/
no
work has been done on
/
no
systematic research has been dedicated
to+
论文将要开展的工作.
现在时的句式:
However,
little literature is available on
/
there is little literature
available on+
/
litile is
known about
论文将要开展的工作.
(3)
阐述“对于论文将要开展的工作,已有文献只探讨了相
对的工作”时,用:
However
,
all the researches
/
studies
/
inverstigations
/
works mentioned
above+be limited to
/
be based on
/
be concemtrated
on+
相对工作。关于“相
对工作
”的
含义,请参考下述三例理解。
(i) ... are limited to the cases that (
the external load is moving
on the
horizonal beams)
.已有文献只研究了
<
/p>
水平梁课题,而论文中将要研究的是与之“相对”的
倾斜梁
(
inclined
beam)
课题。
/
track symmetry in order
(ii) ... are based on the assumption of
( vehicle
to simplify the calculation)
.已有文献只研究了车辆/轨道对称课题,而论文
将要研究的是与之“相对”的车辆/轨道不对称
(vehicle
/
track
asymmetry )
课
题。
(iii) ... are
mainly concentrated on ( the forward
problem
i
.
e
.
determination
,
of the dynamic
responses due to moving vehicle loads)
.已
有文献研究的课题是求解动力响
应,而论文将要研究的是与之相对的荷载识别
(inverse problem
,
i
.<
/p>
e
.
force
identification from the dynamic response of the
continuous
bridge)
课题。
研究目的或内容模块的常用句式
(1)
用现在时的主动语态句式,
例如:
This paper describes
/
presents
/
develops
/
proposes a new model
/
theory
/
method for+
论文将要研究的主题.
The
objective
/
purpose
/
aim of this paper
/
study is to develop a new
model
/
theory
/
method for+
论
文将要研究的主题.
(2)
用现在时的被动语态句式,如:
In
this paper
,
a
general numerical analysis
theory is
presented, which is capable of solving... .
又如:
An
asymmetrical
vehicle
/
track dynamic
model
,
which is a
finite element time
—
domain model
,
is
presented in this paper
.