英语词汇学课后答案张维友编

《英语词汇学教程》

（

2004

年版）练习答案

【

Chapter 1

】

7

．

tart: loose woman

bloke: fellow

gat: pistol

swell: great

chicken: coward

blue: fight

smoky: police

full: drunk

dame: woman

beaver: girl

8.

haply = perhaps

albeit = although

methinks = it seems to me

eke = also

sooth = truth

morn = morning

troth = pledge

ere = before

quoth = said

hallowed = holy

billow = wave/ the sea

bade = bid

12.

Denizens

kettle

die

wall

skirt

husband

Aliens

confrere

pro patria

Wunderkind

mikado

parvenu

Translation loans

chopstick

typhoon

black humour

long time no see

Semantic loans

dream

【

Chapter 2

】

Ex.1

The

Indo- European

Language

Family

is

one

of

the

most

important

language

families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East

and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European

have

more

or

less

influence

on

English

vocabulary.

A

knowledge

of

the

Indo-European

Language

Family

will

help

us

understand

English

words

better

and

use them more appropriately.

2.

Indo-European Language Family

Celtic

Italian

Hellenic

Germanic

Balto-Slavic

Indo-Iranian

Roumanian

Hindi

Lithuanian

Persian

Prussian

Polish

Russian

Breton

Spanish

Scottish

Irish

French

Italian

Greek

English

Swedish

German

Norweigian

Icelandic

Danish

Dutch

Portuguese

Slavenian

Bulgarian

6.

When in the

course

of

human events

, it becomes

necessary

for one

people

to

dissolve

the

political

bonds which have

connected

them with another, and to

assume

among the powers of the earth

separate

and

equal station

to which the

laws

of

nature

and

of

nature's

God

entitle

them,

a

decent

respect

to

the

opinions

of mankind

requires

that they should

declare

the

causes

which

impel

them to the

separation.

Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What are left

are

mostly functional words. This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important

part in the English vocabulary.

8.

eventful [Latin + English]

hydroplane [Greek + Latin]

pacifist [Latin + Greek]

falsehood [ Latin + English]

saxophone [German + Greek]

heirloom [ French + English]

joss house [ Portuguese + English]

t

elevision

[Greek + Latin]

9.

amateur (late)

peace (E)

finacé

(late)

empire (early)

courage (E)

chair (E)

garage (L)

chaise (L)

routine (L)

genre (L)

judgement (E)

grace (E)

servant (E)

jealous (E)

gender (E)

savaté

(L)

dé

but (L)

morale (L)

state (E)

chez (L)

ballet (L)

11.

allegro,

f

轻快

行板

andante,

j

diminuendo,

g

渐弱

largo,

d

缓慢

pianoforte,

a

轻转慢

alto,

i

女低音

crescendo,

b

渐强

forte,

e

轻

女高音

强

piano,

h

12.

soprano,

c

cherub (Hebrew)

coolie (Hindi)

lasso (Sp)

snorkel (G)

tulip (Turk)

wok (Ch)

chocolate (Mex)

shampoo (Indian)

tepee (Am Ind)

kibitz (G)

jubilee (Gr)

Sabbath (Heb)

chipmunk (Am Ind)

tamale (Mex)

cotton (Arab)

voodoo (Afr)

loot (Hindi)

sauerbraten (G)

13.

a. alligator

c. rodeo

e. igloo

b. loco

d. bonanza

f. blitzkrieg

h. canoe

j. boomerang

g. wigwam

i. hurricane

k. panchos

【

Chapter 3

】

1.

a. morpheme

b. allomorph

c. bound morpheme

d. free morpheme

e. affix

f. informational affix

g. derivational affix

h. root

i. stem

j. base

3.

individualistic

individualist + ic [stem, base]

individual + ist [stem, base]

individu + al [stem, base]

in + dividu [root, stem, base]

undesirables

un + desirable [stem, base]

desir + able [root, stem, base]

free morpheme = free root

morpheme

bound root

bound morpheme

inflectional affix

affix

prefix

derivational affix

suffix

【

Chapter 4

】

Affixation

5.

non-smoker

incapable

impractical

disobey

insecurity

irrelevant

immature

inability/disability

unofficially

unwillingness

illegal

disagreement

illogical

disloyal

inconvenient

non-athletic

6.

harden

horrify

modernize

memorize

falsify

apologize

deepen

glorify

sterilize

lengthen

intensify

beautify

fatten

sympathize

a.

apologized

b.

beautify

c.

lengthening

d.

sympathized

e.

fatten

f.

falsify

g.

memorizing

h.

Sterilize

7.

a.

employee

b.

politician

c.

participant

d.

waitress

e.

conductor

f.

teacher

g.

pianist

h.

examinee/examiner

8.

trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-world

mono- = one: monorail, monoculture

super- = over, above: superstructure,

supernatural

auto- = self: autobiography, automobile

sub- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutrition

mini- = little, small: minicrisis, miniwar

pre- = before: prehistorical, preelection

ex- = former: ex-teacher, ex-filmer

Compounding

heartbeat [S + V]

brainwashing [V + O]

movie-goer [place + V]

baking powder [ V +adv]

far- reaching [V + Adv]

dog-tired [adv + a]

lion-hearted [adv + a]

love-sick [adv + a]

boyfriend [S + complement]

peace-loving [V +O]

snap decision [V + O]

easy chair [ a + n]

on-coming [V +adv]

tax-free [adv +a]

light-blue [a + a]

goings-on [V +adv]

4.

well- bred/well-behaved

culture-bound/homebound

needle work/homework

praiseworthy/respectworthy

bar-woman/sportswoman

nation-wide/college-wide

clear-minded/strong-minded

military-style/newstyle

self-control/self-respect

budget-related/politics- related

water-proof/fire- proof

once- fashionable/once-powerful

news-film/news-letter

mock-attack/mock-sadness

sister-in-law/father-in-law

home- baked/home-produced

half- way/half-done

ever-lasting/ever-green

age-conscious/status-conscious

campus-based/market-based

Conversion

7.

a.

stomach [n → v]

b.

room [n → v]

c.

wolf [n → v]

d.

come/go [v → n]

e.

familiar [a → n]

f.

innocent [a →

n]

g.

flat [a → n]

h.

ah/ ouch [int → v]

i.

warm [a → n]

j.

has-been/might-have-

been [finite v → n]

k.

Hamlet [proper n → v]

l.

buy [v → n]

m.

smooth [a → v]

Blending

motel

(

mo

tor + ho

tel

)

humint

(

hum

an +

int

elligence)

advertisetics

(

advertise

ment + statis

tics

)

psywarrior

(

psy

chological

warrior

)

hoverport

(

hover

craft +

port

)

chunnel

(

ch

annel + t

unnel

)

hi-fi

(

hi

gh +

fi

delity)

cinemactress (

cinem

a +

actress

)

Clipping

copter (heli

copter

)

dorm (

dorm

itory)

lab (

lab

oratory)

prefab (

pref

abricated house)

gas (

gas

oline)

prof (

prof

essor)

scope (tele

scope

)

champ (

champ

ion)

sarge (

serge

ant)

mike (

mic

rophone)

ad (

ad

vertisement)

tec (de

tec

tive)

Acronymy

2.

kg =

k

ilo

g

r am

ft =

f

oo

t

cf =

c

on

f

er

cm =

c

enti

m

eter

$$ = dollar

ibid =

ibid

em

etc. =

et c

etera

VIP =

v

ery

i

mportant

p

erson

OPEC =

O

rganization of

P

etroleum

E

xporting

C

ountries

TOEFL =

t

eaching

o

f

E

nglish as a

f

oreign

l

anguage

3.

a.

SALT

b.

radar

c.

AIDS

d.

BASIC

e.

Laser

f.

WHO

g.

sonar

h.

G-man

Backformation

2.

lase (laser)

escalate (escalator)

babysit (babysitter)

peeve (peevish)

orate (orator)

commute (commuter)

Commonization of Proper Names

a. tantalize

—

Tant alus

b. Argus- eyed

—

Argus

c. narcissism

—

Narcissus

d. sabotage

—

sabots

e. martinet

—

Martinet

f. yahoo

—

Yahoo

g. Shylock

—

Shylock

h. hoovering

—

Hoover

i. utopia

—

Utopia

j. Uncle Tommism

—

Uncle Tom

【

Chapter 5

】

6.

apes

—

b

birds

—

a

cattle

—

m

cricket

—

n

doves

—

c

foxes

—

j

geese

—

k

sheep

—

f

wolves

—

g

monkeys

—

e

pigs

—

l

hyenas

—

h

turkeys

—

d

swans

—

i

9.

a.

A scientist working in a project to develop industrial uses for nuclear

power might have all the positive

associations

with “atomic”, such as

“benefit, energy”, etc.

b.

A Japanese resident of Hiroshima, victim of the atomic explosion at the end

of World War II, might have all the negative associations with “atomic”,

such

as “suffering, killing, death, horror

c.

To a student of nuclear physics, “atomic” might be associated with “mystery,

science, knowledge”, etc.

10.

talkative:

implying a fondness for talking frequently and at length (

neutral

)

articulate:

expressing oneself easily and clearly (

positive

)

gossip:

indulging in idle talk or rumours about others (

negative

)

rambling:

talking aimlessly without connection of ideas (

negative

)

fluent:

speaking easily, smoothly, and expressively (

positive

)

mouthy:

overtly talkative, especially in a rude way (

nagative

)

11.

No

Appreciative

Neutral

Pejorative

1

particular

fastidious/fussy

2

critical

fault- finding/picky

3

style/vogue

fad

4

artful

cunning/sly

5

unstable

fickle/capricious

6

developing

underdeveloped/ backward

7

encourage/ promote

instigate

8

group

clique/gang

14.

bull

[-HUMAN

+MALE

+ADULT

+BOVINE]

cow

[-HUMAN

-MALE

+ADULT

+BOVINE]

calf

[-HUMAN

+MALE

-ADULT

+BOVINE]

rooster

[-HUMAN

+MALE

+ADULT

+GALLINE]

hen

[-HUMAN

-MALE

+ADULT

+GALLINE]

chicken

[-HUMAN

+MALE

+ADULT

+GALLINE]

-HUMAN

bull

cow

calf

+BOVINE

rooster

hen

chicken

+GALLINE

+MALE

-MALE

+ADULT