-
雅思必背的长句
100
句（带分析）
1. Typical of the
grassland dwellers of the continent is the
American antelope, or pronghorn.
（
“
主
-
系
-
表
”
结构，倒装句。
）
2. Of the millions who saw Haley's
comet in 1986, how many people will live long
enough to see it return in the
twenty-
first century?
（
of
介词短语提前到句首，起强调
作用，
“
常规位置
”
< br>应在主谓之间，即
people
与
will live
之间。
）
3.
Anthropologists
have
discovered
that
fear,
happiness,
sadness
and
surprise
are
universally
reflected
in
facial
expressions.
（含有
宾语从句的主从复合句，主句为现在完成时，从句为一般现在时被动语态。
）
4.
Because
of
its
irritating
effect
on
humans,
the
use
of
phenol
as
a
general
antiseptic
has
been
largely
discontinued.
（简单句，现在完成时，被动语态，
because of
介词短语作原因状语。
）
5.
In
order
to
remain
in
existence,
a
profit-making
organization
must,
in
the
long
run,
produce
something
consumers consider
useful or desirable.
（含有定语从
句的主从复合句，定语从句的引导词
that
在从句中作
consider
的宾语，故省略，
usef
ul
or
desirable
是形容词作宾语补足语；
in order to do
sth.
是不定式短语作目的状语的强调形式；
in the
long run
意
为
“
长远看来
”/“
最终
”<
/p>
。
）
6.
The
greater
the
population
there
is
in
a
locality,
the
greater
the
need
there
is
for
water,
transportation,
and
disposal of refuse.
（
特殊句型
，通常译为
“
越
……
< br>，越
……”
；
there be
句型；
refuse
在此不是
“
拒绝
”
的意思，而
是
“
废物
,
垃圾
”
。
）
7. It is more difficult to write
simply, directly and effectively than to employ
flowery but vague expressions
that
only obscure one's meaning.
（含有比较状语从句和定语从句的复合句，
than
引导的比较状语从句为避免重复省略了谓语部分
is
difficult
；此句的重点是
it
代替不定式短语作
“
形式主句
”
，原因是避免
“
头重脚轻
”
；
that
引导的定语从句
是普通的
“
主谓宾
”
结构，
obscure
作动词，被从句修饰
/
< br>限定的
“
先行词
”
是
expressions
。
）
8. With modern offices
becoming
more
mechanized,
designers are attempting to personalize them with
warmer,
less severe interiors.
（简单句；典型的
分词短语
独立主格结构，作状
语；
attempt
要求用不定
<
/p>
式作宾语；形容词的比较级；
interiors
在此是名词，意为
“
内部装饰
”
。
）
9.
The difference between libel and slander is that
libel is printed while slander is spoken.
（含有表语从句的主从复合句，主句为
“
主
-
系
-
表
”
结构，从句是并列句；该句是表述
区别的典型句式：
The
difference
between A and B is that A ... while B ....
；
between
介词短语作后置定语。
）
10. The knee is the joint where the
thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
（含有定语从句的主从复合句，从句引导词是关系副词
where
，相当于
at which
，从句是
“
主
-
谓
-
宾
”
结构，
一般现在时；主
句是
“
主
-
系
-
表
”
结构，
一般现在时。
）
11. Acids
are chemical compounds that, in water solution,
have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals,
and the
ability to turn certain blue
vegetable dyes red.
（
“
主
-
系
< br>-
表
”
结构，名词性表语带有一
个由
that
引导的限制性定语从句，从句是
< br>“
主
-
谓
-
宾
”
结构，宾语是三
个并列的名词
a taste, an action and the a
bility
；其中
ability
后
跟不定式短语作定语，该短语中的
red
是宾语
补足语。
）
12.
Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz-blues
singer rests on her ability to give emotional
depth to her songs.
（
“
主
-
< br>谓
”
结构的简单句，
主干是
“reputation rests”
，
on
介词短语作状语，
介词宾语
abi
lity
后跟不定式短语作
定语。
）<
/p>
13. Essentially, a theory is
an abstract, symbolic representation of what is
conceived to be reality.
（<
/p>
“
主
-
系
-
表
”
结构，名词性
表语带有
of
介词短语作后置定语，介词宾语是一个由
what
引
的、被动语态的名词性从句。
）
14. Long before children are able to
speak or understand a language, they communicate
through facial expressions
and by
making noises.
（带有由
< br>before
引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句；用一般现在时陈述客观事实；主
句的
干
they communic
ate
是
“
主
-
谓
”
结构，
through
和
by
两个介词短语作
状语。
）
15. Thanks
to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in
areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush
could live.
（带有<
/p>
where
引导的定语从句的主从复合句；主句的主干
crops grow
是
“
主
-
谓
”
结
构，
in
词短语作状语，介词宾语后跟
where
引导的定语从句；主句是一般现在时，从句是一般过时；
< br>thanks
to
介
词短语作
状语。
）
16.
The
development
of
mechanical
timepieces
spurred
the
search
for
more
accurate
sundials
with
which
to
regulate
them.
（
“
< br>主
-
谓
-
宾
”
结构的简单句；主干是
development spurred
search
；主语和宾语均带有介词短语作定语；
with
which to regulate them
是特殊的不定式短语，相当于定语从句
with which one could regulate
them
；
them
指
代的是
t
imepieces
。
）
17. Anthropology is a science in that
anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and
techniques to document
observations
that can be checked by others.
（含有
in that...
原因状语从句和
that
定语从句的主从复合
句；主句是
“
主
-
系
-
表
”
结构，名词作表语；定语从
句是被动语态，先行词是
observations
；
to
document observations...
是不定式短语作目的状语。
）
18. Fungi are important in the process
of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil,
enhances soil fertility, and
decomposes
animal debris.
（用一般现在时陈述真理性
事实；含有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句，主句是
“
主
-
系
-
”
结构，形容词作表语，
in
介词短语作状语；定
语从句是有三个谓语的并列句，先行词是
process
，
of decay
介词短语作
proces
s
的定语。
）
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork
produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch
over a long period of time.
（含有
when
时间状语从句的主从复合句；
主句主干是
a fork produces a
tone
，
显然是
“
< br>主
-
谓
-
宾
”
结构；
tuning
是动名词作定语，表示用途；
retaining...
< br>是现在分词短语作伴随状语
。
）
20.
Although pecans are most plentiful in the
southeastern part of the United States, they are
found as far north as
Ohio and
Illinois.
（含有
alt
hough
引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句；主句是被动语态；从句是
“
主
-
系
-
表
”
结构。
）
21. Eliminating problems by
transferring the blame to others is often called
scapegoating.
（被动语态简单句；主语是动名词短语，其中的
by
介词短语作动名词
eliminati
ng
的状语；
to
others
是介
词短语作动名词
transferring
的状语；
scapegoati
ng
是动名词作主语补足语。
）
22. The chief foods eaten in any
country depend largely on what grows best in its
climate and soil.
（含有宾语从句的主从复合句；
depend on
意为
“
取决于
”/“<
/p>
要看
”
；主语
f
oods
后跟过去分词短语作定语，相
当于一个被动语态的定语
从句，可改为
that are eaten in any country...<
/p>
；
what
引导的名词性从句作介词
on
的
宾语。
）<
/p>
23. Over a very
large number of trials, the probability of an
event's occurring is equal to the probability that
it will
not occur.
< br>（含有同位语从句的主从复合句；主句为
“
主
-
系
-
表
”
结构，表语是形容词短语
equal
to...
；
of
介词短语
作主
语的定语；
that
引导同位语从
句；
over
介词短语作状语。
）
24. Most substances contract
when they freeze so that the density of a
substance's solid is higher than the density
of its liquid.
（
主从复合句，含有
when
引导的时间状语从句、
so that
引导的结果状语从句和
than
引导的比较状语从句；
主句主干
subst
ances contract
是
“
主
-
谓
”
结构。
）
25. The
mechanism by which brain cells store memories is
not clearly understood.
（主从复合句，含有
by which
引导的定语从句；主句主干是被动语态；从句主干是
“
主
-
谓
-
宾
”
结构。
）
26. By the middle of the twentieth
century, painters and sculptors in the United
States had begun to exert a great
worldwide influence over art.
（简单句，过去完成时与作时间状语的
by
介词短语连用；
exert an influence
over sth./sb.
对
……
施加影响；
in the United
States
是介词短语作定语。
）
27. In the eastern part of New Jersey
lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and
manufacturing center.
（简单句，
典型的倒装句
----
主语是
the
city of Elizabeth
，原因是主语带有同位语，整个主语部分比较长<
/p>
----
如果在逗号后添加
which
is
，句语主语的同位语就变成了非限制性定语从句；
lie,
stand, go, come
等词经常
用于介词短语
(
作地点状语
)
提
前到句首的倒装句。
）
28.
Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical
doctor in the United States, founded the New York
Infirmary, an
institution that has
always had a completely female medical staff.
（主从复合句，含有
that
引导的定语从句
----
先行词
institution
作
Infirmary
的同位语；主句主干是
“
主
-
谓
-
宾
”
结构；主语和谓语之间是主语的同位语。
）
29. Alexander Graham Bell once
told his family that he would rather be remembered
as a teacher of the deaf than
as the
inventor of the telephone.
（主从复合句，含有
that
引导的宾语从句和
than
引导的状语从句；重点掌握表示
“
取舍
”
的句型
“...w
ould
rather...
than...”
。
）
30.
Because
its
leaves
remain
green
long
after
being
picked,
rosemary
became
associated
with
the
idea
of
remembrance.
（主从
复合句，含有
because
引导的原因状语从句；主句和从句
都是
“
主
-
系
-
表
”
结构，
分别是过去分词和形
容词作表语；
remain
和
become
都是连系动词。
）
31.
Although
apparently
rigid,
bones
exhibit
a
degree
of
elasticity
that
enables
the
skeleton
to
withstand
considerable
impact.
（主从复合句，含有
that
引导的定语从句；主句是
“
主
-
谓
-
宾<
/p>
”
结构，从句是
“
主
-
谓
-
宾
-
补
”
结构；
掌握固定搭
配
“enable sb./sth. to do
sth.”
，
to withstand...
是不定式短语作宾语补足语；
although
apparently rigid
是一个作
状语的形容词短语
，相当于
although
引导的让步状语从句
。
）
32. That xenon could not form chemical
compounds was once believed by scientists.
（主从复合句，含有
that
引导的主语从句，引导词
that
不充当成分
也没有任何意义但不能省略；主句主干
是
“
主
-
谓
”
结构，被动语态。
）
33.
Research into the dynamics of storms is directed
toward improving the ability to predict these
events and thus
to minimize damage and
avoid loss of life.
（简单句，主干是
research
is
directed
，被动语态；
into
介词短语作后置定语；
tow
ard
improving...
介词短语
< br>作状语；
improving the ability...
< br>动名词短语作介词
toward
的宾语；
to predict... and to minimize... and avoid...
是
不定式短语作
ability
的定语。
）
34. The elimination of inflation would
ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a
loan would have the
same value as the
amount of money borrowed.
（
虚拟语气主从复合句，含有
that
引导的宾语从句；主句主干
“elimination would ensure that...”
是
“
主
-
谓
-
宾
”
结构；
从句主干
“the amount would
have the value...”
是
“
< br>主
-
谓
-
宾
”
结构；
as
引导特殊的定语从句，
掌握
the same...
as...
；注意过去分词
used...
和
borrowed
作定语，相当于被
动语态的定语从句，可分别改为
“that
is
used
in
repaying
a loan”
和
“that was
borrowed”
。
）
35.
Futurism,
an
early
twentieth-century
movement
in
art,
rejected
all
traditions
and
attempted
to
glorify
contemporary life by
emphasizing the machine and motion.
（并列句，一个主语两个谓语；两个分句共用一个主语，都是
“
主谓宾
”
结构，主干分别是
“futurism rejected
traditions”
和
“futurism attempted to
glorify...”
；
to glorify...by.
..
是不定式短语作
attempted
的宾语；
by emphasizing
the
machine and motion
是介词短语作
to g
lorify
的状语；两个逗号之间是同位语，加上
which
was
即可改为
非限制性定语从句。
）
36. One of the wildest and
most inaccessible parts of the United States is
the Everglades where wildlife is abundant
and largely protected.
（主从复合句，含有
where
引导的定语从句
。
）
37. Lucretia
Mott's influence was so significant that she has
been credited by some authorities as the
originator of
feminism in the United
States.
（主从复合句，含有
so...that
引导的结果状语从句；建议把
so...
that...“
如此
……
以致于
……”
当作句型来记；
主句是
“
主系表
”
结构，从句是被
动语态，
“
主谓
”
结构，
by
介词短语和
as
短语都是状语，
of
和
in
介词短语
作后置定语。
）
38. The activities of the
international marketing researcher are frequently
much broader than those of the domestic
marketer.
（主从复合句
，含有
than
引导的比较状语从句，从句省略了谓语部分
“are broad”
；
of
介词短语作后置定语；
those
代替前面出现过
的复数名词
activities
，是英语里避免重复的习惯用
法。
）
39.
The
continental
divide
refers
to
an
imaginary
line
in
the
North
American
Rockies
that
divide
the
waters
flowing into the
Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the
Pacific.
（主从复合句，
含有
that
引导的定语从句，
先行词
是
line
，
in the
North American Rockies
是介词短语作定语，
< br>作定语的短语位置应在定语从句之前；主句主干
“divide
refers
to
a
line”
是
“
主谓宾
”
结构，从句主干
“tha
t
divide the waters from...”
也是
“
主谓宾
”
结构；
those
指代前面出现过的复数名词
waters
。
）
40. Studies of the gravity field of the
Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield
when unusual weight is placed
on them.
（主从复合句，含有
that
引导的宾语从句和
when
引导的时间状语从
句；两个
of
介词短语均作
后置定语；
主句的主干
“Studies
indicate that...”
是
“
主谓宾
”
结构；
宾语从句的主干<
/p>
“crust and mantle yield”
是
“
主
谓
”
结构；
时间状语从句的主干
“weight is
placed on...”
是
“
主－
谓－主补
”
结构；
them
指代的是
the earth's
crust
and
mantle
。
）
41. The annual worth of Utah's
manufacturing is greater than that of its mining
and farming combined.
（复合句，含有
< br>than
引导的比较状语从句；
that
指代前面出现过的不可数名词
worth
。
）
42. The wallflower
is so called because its weak stems often grow on
walls and along stony cliffs for support.
（复合句，含有
because
引导的原因状语从句；
on, along,
for
介词短语均作状语。
）
43. It is the interaction between
people, rather than the events that occur in their
lives, that is the main focus of
social
psychology.
（强调句型
“It is... that/who...”<
/p>
，
强调句子主语
interaction
；
两个逗号之间是
rather th
an
表示舍弃
/
否定的短语；
“
主
-
系
-
表
”
结构，名词作表语。
非强调表述法：
The
interaction
between
people
is
the
main
focus
of
social
psychology.
）
44. No social crusade
aroused Elisabeth William's enthusiasm more than
the expansion of educational facilities for
immigrants to the United States.
（用比较级表达最高级含义；
“no... more
than”
句型；
含有
than
引导的比较状语从句；
of, for, to
介词短语均
作后置定语，被限定的名词分别是
expans
ion, facilities,
immigrants
。
）
45. Quails typically have short rounded
wings that enable them to spring into full flight
instantly when disturbed in
their
hiding places.
（复合句，含有
that
引导的定语从句；主句是
“
主
-
谓
-
< br>宾
”
结构；从句是
“
主
-
谓宾
-
补
”
结构，
to spri
ng...
不定式
短语作宾补；
whe
n
disturbed...
是带有连词的过去分词短语，相当
于被动语态的时间状语从句
“when they are
disturbed in their hiding
places”
。
）
46.
According
to
anthropologists,
the
earliest
ancestors
of
humans
that
stood
upright
resembled
chimpanzees
facially, with sloping foreheads and
protruding brows.
（复合句，
含有
that
引导的定语从句
< br>“that stood upright”
，
先行词是
ancestors
，
of huma
ns
是介词短语作定语；
主句主干
resembled
chimpanzees
是
“
主
-
谓
-
宾
”
结构
；
with
介词短语作状语，
slop
ing
和
protruding
都是现
在分词作定语。
）
47. Not
until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic
cable finally laid.
（
Not
until
置于句首的倒装句，起强调时间状语
not unt
il...
的作用，请注意必须是主句
“
部分倒装
”
；本句是
简单句，正常语
序应为
“The fully successful transatlantic
cable was not finally laid until
1866.”
）
48.
In
his
writing,
John
Crowe
Ransom
describes
what
he
considers
the
spiritual
barrenness
of
society
brought
about by science and
technology.
（复合句，含有
< br>what
引导的宾语从句，其中
barrenness<
/p>
在从句中作宾补；
brought about by... <
/p>
是过去分词短
语作后置定语，相当于被动语态的定语从句
“that has been brought about by science and
technology”
，先行词
是
b
arrenness
，
of
society
是介词短语作后置定语；
in his
writing
是介词短语作状语。
）
49. Children with parents whose
guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are
inclined to possess high levels of
self-confidence.
（复合句，含有
whose
引导的定语从句，先行词是
parents
；主句和从句都是
“
主
-
系
-
表
”
结构。
）
50.
The
ancient
Hopewell
people
of
North
America
probably
cultivated
corn
and
other
crops,
but
hunting
and
gathering were still of critical
importance in their economy.
（由
but
连接的并列句，第一分句的主干
“people cultivated corn and other crops”
是
“
主谓宾
”
结构；第二分句
的主干
“hunting and
gathering were of improtance”
是
“
主系表
”
结构，
“of +
抽象名词
”
是介
词短语作表语，
相当
于一个形容词：
b
e of critical importance = be critically
importance
----------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--
51. Using many symbols makes it
possible to put a large amount of information on a
single map.
（简单句，
“
主
-
谓
-
宾
-
补
”
结构，
it
作形式宾语，真正的宾语是
to
put...
不定式短语；
using...
< br>是动名词短语作主语。
）
52. Anarchism is a term describing a
cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal
uniting feature is the belief
that
government is both harmful and unnecessary.
（复合句，
含有
whose
引导的定语从句和
that
引导的同位语从句；
describing...
是现在分
词短语作后置定语，
改为
“that describes..
.”
则变成一个主动语态的定语从句；定语从句的先行词是
do
ctrines and attitudes
；主句和
从句都
是
“
主
-
系<
/p>
-
表
”
结构，主
句主干是
“Anarchism is a
term”
，定语从句的主干是
“feature is
the belief”
，同位
语从句的主干是
“government is both harmful and
unnecessary”
。
）
53. Probably no man had more effect on
the daily lives of most people in the United
States than did Henry Ford, a
pioneer
in automobile production.
（
“no...more than”
句型，以比较级的形式表示最高级的含义；复合句，注意比较状语从句里的技术性倒装，
原因是主语后面跟有一个名词短语作同位语；重要搭配：
have effect
on...
。
）
54. The use of well-chosen nonsense
words makes possible the testing of many basic
hypotheses in the field of