-
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
2009
年
12
月大学英
语四级考试真题及答案
Part
Ⅰ
Writing (30
minutes)
注意：此部分
试题在答题卡
1
上。
Directions: For
this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a
short essay on the topic of Creating a
Green Campus. You should write at least
120 words following the outline given below:
1.
建设绿色校园很重要
2.
绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境??
3.
为了建设绿色校园，我们应该??
Creating a Green Campus
Part
Ⅱ
Reading
Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In
this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the
passage quickly and answer the
questions on Answer Sheet 1. For
questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the
four choices marked
A),
B),
C)
and
D).
For
question
8-10,
complete
the
sentences
with
the
information
given
in
the
passage.
Colleges taking another look at value
of merit-based aid
Good grades and high tests scores still
matter
—
a
lot
—
to many colleges as they
award financial aid.
But
with
low-
income
students
projected
to
make
up
an
ever-larger
share
of
the
college-bound
population in
coming years, some schools are re-examining
whether that aid, typically known as
“
merit
aid
”
, is the most
effective use of precious institutional dollars.
George
Washington University in Washington, D.C., for
example, said last week that it would cut the
value of its average
merit
scholarships by about one-third and reduce the
number
of
recipients(
接受者
),
pouring the savings, about $$2.5
million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in
Meadville, Pa., made a
similar decision
three years ago.
Now,
Hamilton
College
in
Clinton,
N.Y
.,
says
it
will
phase
out
merit
scholarships
altogether.
No
current merit-aid
recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-
based aid alone will be awarded beginning
with students entering in fall 2008.
Not all
colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more
selective a school, the less likely it is to do
so.
Harvard and Princeton, for example,
offer generous need-based packages, but many
families who don
’
t
meet need
eligibility(
资格
)have been
willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name
school.
For
small
regional
colleges
that
struggle
just
to
fill
seats,
merit
aid
can
be
an
important
revenue-builder
because
many
recipients
still
pay
enough
tuition
dollars
over
and
above
the
scholarship
amount to keep the institution running.
But for
rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid
has served primarily as a tool to recruit top
students and to improve their academic
profits.
“
They
’
re trying to buy
students,
”
says
Skidmore College
economist Sandy Baum.
Studies
show
merit
aid
also
tends
to
benefit
disproportionately
students
who
could
afford
to
enroll
without it.
“
As
we look to the future, we see a more pressing need
to invest in need-based
aid,
”
says Monica
Inzer, dean of admission and financial
aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit
scholarships for 10 years.
During that
time, it rose in US News & World
Repor
t’s ranking of the best liberal
arts colleges, from 25 to
17.
1 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
Merit aid,
which benefited about 75 students a year, or about
4% of its student body, at a cost of about
$$ 1 million a year,
“
served us
well,
”
Inzer
says, but
“
to be discounting
the price for families that
don
’
t need financial aid
doesn
’
t feel right any
more.”
Need-based aid remains by
far the largest share of all student aid, which
includes state, federal and
institutional grants. But merit aid,
offered primarily by schools and states, is
growing faster, both overall
and at the
institutional level.
Between 1995-96 and 2003-04,
institutional merit aid alone increased 212%,
compared with 47% for
need-based
grants. At
least
15
states
also
offer
merit
aid,
typically
in
a
bid
to
enroll
top
students
in
the
state
’
s public
institutions.
But in recent years, a growing
chorus(
异口同声
)of critics has
begun pressuring schools to drop the
practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton
and others may be
“
a sign
that people are starting to realize that
there
’
s this
destructive competition going
on,
”
says Baum,
co-author of a recent College Report that raises
concerns about the role of
institutional aid not based on need.
David Laird, president of
the Minnesota Private College Council, says many
of his schools would like
to reduce
their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they
would lose top students to their competitors.
“
No
one can take one-sided
action,
”
says
Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an
exemption(
豁
免
)from
federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can
discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid,
“
This is a merry-go-round
that
’
s going very fast, and
none of the institutions believe they can sustain
the
risks of trying to break away by
themselves.”
A complicating factor is that merit aid
has become so popular with middle-income families,
who don
’
t qualify for need-
based aid, that many have come to depend on it.
And, as tuitions continue to increase, the
line between merit and need blurs.
That
’
s one reason
Allegheny College doesn
’
t
plan to drop merit aid entirely.
“
We still
believe in rewarding superior achievements and
know that these top students truly value the
scholarship,
”
says Scott Friedhoff,
Allegheny
’
s vice president
for enrollment.
Emory
University
in
Atlanta,
which
boasts
a
$$4.7
billion
endowment(
捐赠
),
meanwhile,
is
taking
another
approach.
This
year,
it
announced
it
would
eliminate
loans
for
needy
students
and cap
them
for
middle-
income families. At the same time, it would expand
its 28-year-old merit program.
“
Yeah,
we
’
re
playing
the
merit
game,
”
acknowledges
Tom
Lancaster,
associate
dean
for
undergraduate education. But it has its
strong point, too, he says.
“
The fact of the matter is,
it
’
s not just
about the lowest-income people.
It
’
s the average American
middle-
class family who’s being priced
out of
the market.”
*A few words
about merit-based aid:
Merit-based
aid
is
aid
offered
to
students
who
achieve
excellence
in
a
given
area,
and
is
generally
known as academic,
athletic and artistic merit scholarships.
Academic merit
scholarships are based on
students
’
grades,
GPA and overall academic performance
during high school. They are typically
meant for students going straight to college right
after high school.
However, there are
scholarships for current college students with
exceptional grades as well. These merit
scholarships
usually
help
students
pay
tuition
bills,
and
they
can
be
renewed
each
year
as
long
as
the
recipients
continue to qualify. In some cases, students may
need to be recommended by their school or a
teacher as part of the qualification
process.
Athletic merit scholarships are meant
for students that
excel(
突出
)in sports of any
kind, from football
to
track
and
field
events.
Recommendation
for
these
scholarships
is
required,
since
exceptional
athletic
performance
has
to
be
recognized
by
a
coach
or
a
referee(
裁判
).
Applicants
need
to
send
in
a
tape
2 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
containing their best performance.
Artistic merit
scholarships require that applicants excel in a
given artistic area. This generally includes
any
creative
field
such
as
art,
design,
fashion,
music,
dance
or
writing.
Applying
for
artistic
merit
scholarships
usually
requires
that
students
submit
a
portfolio(
选辑
)of
some
sort,
whether
that
includes a
collection of
artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a
video of them dancing.
1.
With
more
and
more
low-
income
students
pursuing
higher
education,
a
number
of
colleges
are
________.
A) offering students more merit-based
aid B) revising their financial aid policies
C) increasing
the amount of financial aid D) changing their
admission processes
2. What did Allegheny College in
Meadville do three years ago?
A) It tried to implement a
novel financial aid program.
B) It added $$ 2.5 million
to its need-based aid program.
C) It phased out its merit-
based scholarships altogether.
D) It cuts its merit-based
aid to help the needy students.
3. The chief purpose of
rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid
is to ______.
A) improve teaching quality B) boost
their enrollments
C) attract good students D) increase
their revenues
4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and
financial aid at Hamilton, believes ______.
A) it
doesn
’
t pay to spend $$ 1
million a year to raise its ranking
B) it gives students
motivation to award academic achievements
C)
it
’
s illogical to use so
much money on only 4% of its students
D)
it
’
s not right to give aid
to those who can afford the tuition
5. In recent years, merit-
based aid has increased much faster than need-
based aid due to ______.
A) more government funding to colleges
B) fierce competition among institutions
C) the
increasing number of top students D)
schools
’
improved
financial situations
6. What is the attitude of many private
colleges toward merit aid, according to David
Laird?
A) They
would like to see it reduced.
B) They regard it as a
necessary evil.
C) They think it does more harm than
good.
D) They
consider it unfair to middle-class families.
7. Why
doesn
’
t Allegheny College
plan to drop merit aid entirely?
A) Raising tuitions have
made college unaffordable for middle-class
families.
B)
With rising incomes, fewer students are applying
for need-based aid.
C) Many students from middle-income
families have come to rely on it.
D) Rising incomes have
disqualified many students for need-based aid.
8. Annual
renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on
whether the recipients remain ______.
9. Applicants for athletic
merit scholarships need a recommendation from a
coach or a referee who
______ their
exceptional athletic performance.
10.
Applicants
for
artistic
merit
scholarships
must
produce
evidence
to
show
their
______
in
a
particular artistic field
Part
Ⅲ
Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In
this section, you will hear 8 short conversations
and 2 long conversations. At the
end
of
each
conversation,
one
or
more
questions
will
be
asked
about
what
was
said.
Both
the
3 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
conversation and the questions will be
spoken only once. After each question there will
be a pause.
During the pause, you must
read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),
and decide which the
best answer is.
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet
2 with a single line through the
centre.
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
11. A) Get some small
change. B) Find a shopping center.
C) Cash a check at a bank.
D) Find a parking meter.
12. A) Shopping with his son. B) Buying
a gift for a child.
C) Promoting a new product. D)
Bargaining with a salesgirl.
13. A) Taking photographs.
B) Enhancing images.
C) Mending cameras. D) Painting
pictures.
14.
A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young.
B) He can
provide little useful information.
C) He will show the woman
around Baltimore.
D) He will ask someone else to help the
woman.
15. A)
He is rather disappointed. B) He is highly
ambitious.
C)
He can
’
t face up to the
situation D) He knows his own limitation.
16. A) She must
have paid a lot
B) She is known to have a terrific
figure.
C) Her
gym exercise has yielded good results.
D) Her effort to keep fit
is really praiseworthy.
17. A) Female students are unfit for
studying physics.
B) He can serve as the
woman
’
s tutor.
C) Physics is an important
course at school.
D) The
professor
’
s suggestion is
constructive.
18. A) Indifferent. B) Doubtful. C)
Pleased. D) Surprised.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
19. A) He prefers the
smaller evening classes. B) He has signed up for a
day course.
C)
He has to work during the day. D) He finds the
evening course cheaper.
20. A) Learn a computer language. B)
Learn data processing.
C) Buy some computer software. D) Buy a
few coursebooks.
21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to
9:45. B) From September 1 to New
Year
’
s eve.
C) Every Monday, lasting
for 12 weeks. D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in
total.
22. A)
What to bring for registration. B) Where to attend
the class.
C)
How he can get to Frost Hall. D) Whether he can
use a check.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
23. A) A training coach. B)
A trading adviser.
C) A professional manager. D) A
financial trader.
24. A) He can save on living expenses.
B) He considers cooking creative.
C) He can enjoy healthier
food. D) He thinks take-away is tasteless.
25. A) It is
something inevitable.
B) It is frustrating
sometimes.
C)
It takes patience to manage.
D) It can be a
good thing.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will
hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,
you will
hear some questions. Both the
passage and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a
4 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
question, you
must
choose
the
best
answer from
the
four
choices
marked
A),
B), C)
and
D). Then
mark the corresponding letter
on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are
based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) There
were no planets without moons. B) There was no air
or water on Jupiter.
C) Life was not possible in outer
space. D) The mystery of life could not be
resolved.
27.
A) It has a number of active volcanoes. B) It has
an atmosphere like the
earth
’
s.
C) It has a large ocean
under its surface. D) It has deep caves several
miles long.
28.
A) Light is not an essential element to it. B)
Life can form in very hot temperatures.
C) Every form
of life undergoes evolution. D) Oxygen is not
needed for some life forms.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
29. A) Whether they should
take the child home.
B) What Dr.
Mayer
’
s instructions exactly
were.
C) Who
should take care of the child at home.
D) When the child would
completely recover.
30. A) She encourages them to ask
questions when in doubt.
B) She makes them write down all her
instructions.
C) She has them act out what they are
to do at home.
D) She asks them to repeat what they
are supposed to do.
31. A) It lacks the stability of the
printed word. B) It contains many grammatical
errors.
C) It
is heavily dependent on the context. D) It
facilitates interpe
Passage
Three
Questions
33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just
heard.
32. A)
Job security. B) Good labour relations.
C) Challenging
work. D) Attractive wages and benefits.
33. A) Many
tedious jobs continue to be done manually.
B) More and
more unskilled workers will lose jobs.
C) Computers will change
the nature of many jobs.
D) Boring jobs will gradually be made
enjoyable.
34.
A) Offer them chances of promotion.
B) Improve their working
conditions.
C)
Encourage them to compete with each other.
D) Give them
responsibilities as part of a team.
35. A) They will not bring
real benefits to the staff.
B) They concern a small
number of people only.
C) They are arbitrarily set by the
administrators.
D) They are beyond the control of
ordinary workers.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will
hear a passage three times. When the passage is
read for the
first time, you should
listen carefully for its general idea. When the
passage is read for the second
time,
you are required to fill in the blanks numbered
from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have
just heard. For blanks numbered from 44
to 46 you are required to fill in the missing
information.
For
these
blanks,
you
can either
use
the
exact
words
you
have
just heard
or write
down
the
main
5 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
points in your own words. Finally, when
the passage is read for the third time, you should
check what
you have written.
注意：此部分试题在答题卡
2
上。
In the humanities, authors
write to inform you in many ways. These methods
can be (36) ______ into
three types of
informational writing: factual, descriptive, and
process.
Factual
writing
provides
(37)
______
information
on
an
author,
composer,
or
artist
or
on
a
type
of
music, literature, or art. Examples of
factual writing include notes on a book jacket or
(38) ______ cover
and
longer
pieces,
such
as
an
article
describing
a
style
of
music
which
you
might
read
in
a
music
(39)
______
course. This kind of writing provides a (40)
______ for your study of the humanities.
As its name
(41) ______, descriptive writing simply describes,
or provides an (42) ______ of, a piece
of music, art, or literature. For
example, descriptive writing might list the colors
an artist used in a painting
or the
(43) ______ a composer included in a musical
composition, so as to make pictures or sounds in
the
reader’s mind by calling up
specific details of the work. (44)
________.
Process
writing
explains
a
series
of
actions
that
bring
about
a
result.
(45)
________.
This
kind
of
writing
is often found in art, where understanding how an
art has created a certain effect is important.
(46)
_________.
Part
Ⅳ
Reading Comprehension (Reading in
Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a
passage with ten blanks. You are required to
select one word
for each blank from a
list of choices given in a word bank following the
passage. Read the passage
through
carefully before making your choices. Each choice
in the bank is identified by a letter. Please
mark the corresponding letter for each
item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through
the centre.
You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are
based on the following passage.
In
families
with
two
working
parents,
fathers
may
have
more
impact
on
a
child
’
s
language
development than
mothers, a new study suggests.
Researchers
47
92
families
form
11
child
care
centers
before
their
children
were
a
year
old,
interviewing
each
to
establish
income,
level
of
education
and
child
care
arrangements.
Overall,
it
was
a
group of well-class families, with
married parents both living in the home.
When
the
children
were
2,
researchers
videotaped
them
at
home
in
free-play
sessions
with
both
parents,
48
all
of
their
speech.
The
study
will
appear
in
the
November
issue
of
The
Journal
of
Applied
Developmental
Psychology.
The
scientists
measured
the
49
number
of
utterance
(
话语
)
of
the
parents,
the
number
of
different
words they used,
the complexity of their sentences and other 50 of
their speech. On average, fathers spoke
less than mothers did, but they did not
differ in the length of utterances or proportion
of questions asked.
Finally, the researchers 51 the
children
’
s speech at age 3,
using a standardized language test. The only
predictors of high scores on the test
were the mother
’
s level of
education, the 52 of child care and the
number of different words the father
used.
The researchers are 53 why the
father
’
s speech, and not the
mother
’
s, had an effect.
“
It
’
s
well 54 that the mother
’
s
language does have an
impact,
”
said
Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author
of the
study. It could be that the high-functioning
mothers in the study had 55 had a strong influence
on
their
children
’
s speech
development, Ms. Pancso
far said, “or it
may be that mothers are 56 in a way we
didn’t measure in the
study.”
注意：此部分试题在答题卡
1
上。
6 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
A) already B)
analyzed C) aspects D) characters E) contributing
F) describing
G) established H) quality I) quoted J)
recording K) recruited L) total
M) unconscious N) unsure O)
yet
Section B
Directions: There are 2
passages in this section. Each passage is followed
by some questions or
unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should
decide
on
the
best
choice
and
mark
the
corresponding
letter
on
Answer
Sheet
2
with
a
single
line
through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are
based on the following passage.
Throughout
this
long,
tense
election,
everyone
has
focused
on
the
presidential
candidates
and
how
they
’
ll change
America. Rightly so, but selfishly,
I
’
m more fascinated by
Michelle Obama and what she
might be
able to do, not just for this country, but for me
as an African-American woman. As the potential
First Lady, she would have the world’s
attention. And that means that for the first time
people will have a
chance to get up
close and personal with the type of African-
American woman they so rarely see.
Usually, the lives of black
women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory
seems to be that we
’
re all
hot-tempered single mothers who
can
’
t keep a man. Even in
the world of make-believe, black women
still
can
’
t
escape
the
stereotype
of
being
eye-rolling,
oversexed
females
raised
by
our
never-married,
alcoholic
(
酗酒的
) mothers.
These images have helped
define the way all women are viewed, including
Michelle Obama. Before
she ever gets
the chance to commit
to a cause,
charity
or foundation as First
Lady, her most urgent and
perhaps most complicated duty may be
simple to be herself.
It
won
’
t
be
easy.
Because
few
mainstream
publications
have
done
in-depth
features
on
regular
African-American
women, little is known about who we are, what we
think and what we face on a regular
basis. For better or worse, Michelle
will represent us all.
Just as she will have her critics, she
will also have millions of fans who usually have
little interest in
the First Lady. Many
African-American blogs have written about what
they
’
d like to see Michelle
bring to
the White
House
—
mainly showing the
world that a black woman can support her man and
raise a strong
black
family.
Michelle
will
have
to
work
to
please
everyone
—
an
impossible
task.
But
for
many
African-American women like me, just a
little of her poise (
沉着
),
confidence and intelligence will go a
lon
g way in changing an
image that’s been around for far too
long.
57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a
strong fascination for the author?
A) She serves as a role
model for African women.
B) She possesses many admirable
qualities becoming a First Lady.
C) She will present to the
world a new image of African-American women.
D) She will pay
closer attention to the interests of African-
American women.
58. What is the common stereotype of
African-American women according to the author?
A) They are
victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior
violence.
C)
They use quite a lot of body language. D) They
live on charity and social welfare.
59. What do many African-
Americans write about in their blogs?
A) Whether Michelle can
live up to the high expectations of her fans.
B) How Michelle
should behave as a public figure.
C) How proud they are to
have a black woman in the White House.
D) What Michelle should do
as wife and mother in the White House.
7 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
60. What does
the author say about Michelle Obama as a First
Lady?
A)
However many fans she has, she should remain
modest,
B) She
shouldn
’
t disappoint the
African-American community.
C) However hard she tries,
she can
’
t expect to please
everybody.
D)
She will give priority to African-American
women
’
s concerns.
61. What do
many African-American women hope Michelle Obama
will do?
A)
Help change the prevailing view about black women.
B) Help her
husband in the task of changing America.
C) Outshine
previous First Lady.
D) Fully display her fine qualities.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to
66 are based on the following passage.
When next
year
’
s crop of high-school
graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall
of 2009, they
’
ll be joined
by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old
provost (
教务长
) of Yale,
who
’
ll become
Oxford
’
s vice-
chancellor
—
a position
equivalent to university president in America.
Hamilton
isn
’
t the only educator
crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt,
Singapore, etc, have
also
recently
made
top-level
hires
from
abroad.
Higher
education
has
become
a
big
and
competitive
business
nowadays,
and
like
so
many
businesses,
it
’
s
gone
global.
Yet
the
talent
flow
isn’t
universal.
High-level personnel tend to head in
only one direction: outward from America.
The
chief
reason
is
that
American
schools
don
’
t
tend
to
seriously
consider
looking
abroad.
For
example, when the board of the
University of Colorado searched for a new
president, it wanted a leader
familiar
with the state government, a major source of the
university
’
s budget.
“
We
didn
’
t do any global
consideration,
”
says
Patricia
Hayes,
the
board
’
s
chair.
The
board
ultimately
picked
Bruce
Benson,
a
69-year-old Colorado businessman and
political activist (
活动家
) who
is likely to do well in the main task
of
modern
university
presidents:
fund-raising.
Fund-raising
is
a
distinctively
American
thing,
since
U.S.
schools rely heavily on donations. The
fund-raising ability is largely a product of
experience and necessity.
Many
European
universities,
meanwhile,
are
still
mostly
dependent
on
government
funding.
But
government support has
failed to keep pace with rising student number.
The decline in government support
has
made funding-raising an increasing necessary
ability among administrators and has hiring
committees
hungry for Americans.
In
the
past
few
years,
prominent
schools
around
the
world
have
joined
the
trend.
In
2003,
when
Cambridge University appointed Alison
Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-
chancellor, the
university
publicly
stressed
that
in
her
previous
job
s
he
had
overseen
“a
major
strengthening
of
Yale’s
financial
position.”
Of course, fund-raising
isn
’
t the only skill
outsiders offer. The globalization of education
means more
universities
will
be
seeking
heads
with
international
experience
of
some
kind
of
promote
international
programs
and
attract
a
global
student
body.
Foreigners
can
offer
a
fresh
perspective
on
established
practices.
62. What is the
current trend in higher education discussed in the
passage?
A)
Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators
from the U.S.
B) A lot of political activists are
being recruited as administrators.
C) American universities
are enrolling more international students.
D) University
presidents are paying more attention to funding-
raising.
63.
What is the chief consideration of American
universities when hiring top-level administrators?
8 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
A) The
political correctness. B) Their ability to raise
funds.
C) Their
fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative
experience.
64.
What do we learn about European universities from
the passage?
A)
The tuitions they charge have been rising
considerably.
B) Their operation is under strict
government supervision.
C) They are strengthening their
position by globalization.
D) Most of their revenues come from the
government.
65.
Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as
its vice-chancellor chiefly because _____.
A) she was
known to be good at raising money
B) she could help
strengthen its ties with Yale
C) she knew how to attract
students overseas
D) she had boosted
Yale
’
s academic status
66. In what way
do top-level administrators from abroad contribute
to university development?
A) They can enhance the
university
’
s image.
B) They will
bring with them more international faculty.
C) They will
view a lot of things from a new perspective.
D) They can set
up new academic disciplines.
Part
Ⅴ
Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20
blanks in the following passage. For each blank
there are four choices
marked A), B),
C), and D) on the right side of the paper. You
should choose the ONE that best fits
into the passage. Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through
the centre.
Older people
must be given more chances to learn if they are to
contribute to society rather than be a
financial burden, according to a new
study on population published recently.
The current
people approach which 67 on younger people and on
skills for employment is not 68 to
meet
the challenges of demographic
(
人口结构的
) change, it says.
Only 1% of the education budget is 69
spent on the oldest third of the
population.
The
70 include the fact that most people can expect to
spend a third of their lives in 71 , that there
are
now more people over 59 than under
16 and that 11.3 million people are 72 state
pension age.
“
73 needs to
continue throughout life. Our historic
concentration of policy attention and resources 74
young people cannot meet the new 75
,
”
says the
report
’
s author, Professor
Stephen McNair.
The major 76 of our education budget is
spent on people below the age of 25. 77 people are
changing
their jobs, 78 , partners and
lifestyles more often than 79 , they need
opportunities to learn at every age 80 ,
some people are starting new careers in
their 50s and later.
People need opportunities
to make a
“
midlife
review
”
to 81 to
the later stage of employed life, and to
plan for the transition
(
过渡
) 82 retirement, which
may now happen 83 at any point from 50 to over 90,
says McNair.
And
there
should
be
more
money
84
to
support
people
in
establishing
a
85
of
identity
and
finding
constructive 86 for
the
“
third
age
”
, the 20 or more years
they will spend in healthy retired life.
67. A) operates
B) focuses C) counts D) depends
68. A) superior B) regular
C) essential D) adequate
69. A) currently B) barely C) anxiously
D) heavily
70.
A) regulations B) obstacles C) challenges D)
guidelines
71.
A) enjoyment B) retirement C) stability D)
inability
9 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
72. A) over B)
after C) across D) beside
73. A) Indentifying B) Learning C)
Instructing D) Practicing
74. A) at B) by C) in D) on
75. A) desires B) realms C)
needs D) intentions
76. A) measure B) ratio C) area D)
portion
77. A)
When B) Until C) Whether D) Before
78. A) neighbors B) moods
C) homes D) minds
79. A) age B) ever C) previously D)
formerly
80. A)
For example B) By contrast C) In particular D) On
average
81. A)
transform B) yield C) adjust D) suit
82. A) within B) from C)
beyond D) to
83. A) unfairly B) unpredictably C)
instantly D) indirectly
84. A) reliable B) considerable C)
available D) feasible
85. A) sense B) conscience C) project
D) definition
86. A) ranks B) assets C) ideals D)
roles
Part VI
Translation (5 minutes)
Directions:
Complete
the
sentences
by
translating
into
English
the
Chinese
given
in
brackets.
Please write your
translation on Answer Sheet 2.
87. You would not have
failed if you __________________________(
按照我的指令去做
).
88. Despite the hardship he
encountered, Mark never
______________(
放弃对知识的追求
).
89. Scientists
agree that it will be a long time
______________(
我们找到治愈癌症的方法
).
90. Production
has to be increased considerably to ______________
____(
与消费者不断增长的需求
保持同步
< br>).
91. The
more exercise you take,________________________(
你越不大可能得感冒
).
10 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
2009
年
12
月大学英
语四级考试答案详解
Part
Ⅰ
Writing
审题谋篇
本次四级作文主题为“绿色校园”
，这是一个看似简单普通的话
题，写起来却不是那么容易。因
为很多考生对于“绿色校园”所表达的内涵感觉比较生僻
。假如对“绿色校园”这一主题感到难以
把握，考生可以从作文提纲入手进行分析以获取
对“绿色校园”这一概念的相关信息。根据作文提
示
2
，可以看出此处的“绿色校园”指的决不仅仅是青青的草地和高大的树木构成的校园绿色风景，<
/p>
也不仅仅指对校园环境的珍视和爱护，而是指一种环境保护的文化氛围和师生具有的环境素
养，以
及由此带来的和谐的人文环境和社会绩效。在深入理解概念的基础上，考生还应对
“绿色校园”的
重要性进行剖析，这
时，考生可以从多个角度组织素材，比如从校园的环境问题出发，进而扩展到
师生的环境
意识对“绿色校园”所产生的长远意义以及为未来环境改善所做的贡献。最后是阐述建
设
“绿色校园”所要采取的措施。需要注意的就是作文给分的重点在于考生如何用恰当的语言词汇
< br>表达自己的思想观点。而不是写得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三个自然段，大概十句话，基本的
分布为首段、末段合起来五句或六句，中间段五句或四句，做到结构清楚，重点突出，就可以了。
参考范文
Creating a Green Campus
Recently, with the idea of
making and maintaining
“
a
green earth
”
being the focus of the society,
“
green
campus
”
has
become
a
more
and
more
popular
concept
in
universities
or
colleges,
which,
undoubtedly, will
bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our
campus and our society.
The
concept
of
“
green
campus
”
does
not
only
mean
a
green
environment
but
also
refers
to
an
environmental sense in
people
’
s mind. Campus plays
a crucial role in educating the young generation
and
the
consciousness
of
“
green
campus
”
will
definitely
produce
a
profound
effect
on
students’
various
environmental
protection activities after their graduation.
What’s more, the young generation is under the
burden of severe environmental
pollution and there are many problems waiting for
them to solve.
To make
“
green
campus
”
come
true, firstly, it is necessary to work out
effective principles for the
development of sustainable and
recyclable campus. Secondly, it calls for
people
’
s awareness of the
serious
pollution around us and actual
action to reduce the waste. Last but not least, it
is necessary to strengthen the
ties
between campus and society, so as to ensure that
“green campus” can work smoothly with the
co
-effort
of the whole
society.
建设绿色校园
近来，随着建设并保持“绿色地球”的观念成为社会关注的焦
点，
“绿色校园”也成为校园里流
行的话题。这无疑会给我们的
校园和社会带来长远的利益。
<
/p>
“绿色校园”不仅仅指绿色的环境，还包括人们头脑中的环境意识。学校在培养年轻一代上
起
着关键作用，
“绿色校园”
的意识必
定会对学生毕业后的环境保护意识产生长远影响。
更为重要的是，
年轻一代面临着严重的环境污染，有太多问题等待他们去解决。
为使“绿色校园”成为现实，首先
应该制定出可持续发展、可长远发展的有效政策。其次，还
需要人们对环境污染的严肃性
有正确认识并采取实际行动切实减少污染。最后但同样重要的是，有
必要加强学校和社会
的联系以便在全社会共同努力下使“绿色校园”顺利实施。
范文点评
范文以“绿色校园”开篇，保证了文章切题。第一段开门见山
，强调当今环保理念下构建“绿
色校园”的长远意义。第二段，着重讨论“绿色校园”的
含义，指出“绿色校园”不仅指校园中的
绿化，
还指生活在校园
中的人们的绿色和环保意识，
把校园这个小环境和社会这个大环境结合起来，
说理更加深刻。第三段是谈及具体的做法，分一、二、三点进行论述，无疑是使“绿色校园”的理< /p>
念落在实处。结构完整，首尾呼应，用词准确。关系词的正确使用让句与句之间、段与段之
间衔接
11 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
紧凑，思想表达成熟有深度。
【生动的用词】
< br>maintain
保持
;concept
概念
;profound
长远的
;sustainable
可持续的
;recyclable
可循
环的。
【丰富的短语】
bring
benefit to
带来利益
;play a
crucial role in
发挥关键作用
;under
the burden of
在??重负下
;come
true
实现
;call
for
要求。
【多变的句式】
范文中长句、短句、简单句、复杂
句交叉使用。不同句型之间的转换，能让阅卷老师更好地了
解考生对句子结构的掌握运用
，从而获得高分。
避错指导
本次作文在题材上，虽然仍然延续了我们所熟悉校园类话题，但与社会背景有很大关系。
刚刚
闭幕的哥本哈根世界气候大会使环保减排这个主题成为焦点，在全世界都提倡可持续
发展、和谐发
展这一背景下的“绿色校园”
，同时也是一个社会
热点话题，这是我们审题时所必须考虑的。另外开
篇时，切忌拖泥带水，应直截了当，使
阅卷老师对文章主题一目了然。
除正确审题之外，考生还应注意语言的准确运用，不落俗套。不同句型之间转换时，考生
应对
句子结构全面掌握，避免句式错误造成扣分。
最后，应尽量避免单词拼写错误。
本次作文常见的卷面拼写错误如下表：
正确拼写
词性及词义
错误的拼写
focus n.
焦点
focuse
effect n.
影响
effection
/affect
environment n.
环境
envirment/invironment
burden n.
负担
burdon
solve v.
解决
slove
serious a.
严肃的
serous
true a.
真的
ture
society n.
社会
soceity
theory n.
理论
thery
总之，考生在构思和写作过程中要
尽可能做到思路完整，恰如其分地选择词汇。毕竟，无错表
达才是四级语言表达合格的核
心。
能力拓展
【同义词转换】
作文表达除了准确，还要做到句式多变，词汇灵活多样。
1. realize
→
be aware of
意识到
We
’
d better be
aware of the seriousness of pollution around us.
我们最好意识到周围污染的严峻
性。
2. keep
→
preserve
保持
It is necessary to educate the students
to be conscious of the importance to preserve the
environment.
有必要教育学生意识到保护环境的重要性。
3. lead
→
conduct
引导
This will help conduct the activities
of the college students.
这有助于引导大学生的行为。
【话题备考锦囊】
6. The idea of
“
a green
campus
”
is beyond
a green environment.
“绿色校园”绝不仅仅是一个
绿色环境。
7.
The
construction
of
“
a
green
campus
”
will
greatly
stimulate
students
to
take
part
in
various
environmental protection activities.
建设“绿色校园”将会极大激励学生参与环境保护。
12 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
8. To bring
“
a green
campus
”
to its
full play, effective measures should be taken.
为全面实施“绿
色校园”
，必须采取有效措施
。
9.
Campus construction is of vital importance not
only to the physical development of students but
to
their
mental
health
as
well. <
/p>
校园建设不仅对学生的身体发展很重要，而且对他们的心理健康也很重
要。
10. There is little doubt that further
consideration must be paid to our green campus.
毫无疑问，对于
绿色校园应该给与更多的思考。
【话题词汇拓展】
devastation n.
毁坏
disastrous a.
损失惨重的
doom v.
厄运，毁灭
existence n.
存在，生活
healthful a.
健康的
messy a.
肮脏的，凌乱的
participation
n.
分享，参与
preserve v.
保存，保护
preventive a.
预防性的
purify v.
澄清，净化
stimulation n.
激励，鼓舞
arouse consciousness
唤起意识
命题风向标
本次作文难度适中，与之前考试中出现的“限塑”主题有千丝
万缕的联系。考生要想在本次作
文中获取高分，除了审题恰当独到，还要有扎实的语言基
础。如本文主题“绿色校园”可以采用多
种表达：
green
campus
和
environmental-
friendly campus;
“
绿色校园的构建”
可以使用
create
，
build up
，
establish
< br>和
construct
等，以体现考生对词汇多样性的积
累。
从
关注白色污染到关注博物馆免费开放，再到绿色校园构建，四级作文命题重点在侧重校园类
话题的同时开始向与大学生生活有关的话题转移。由此也凸显了对历年真题分析的重要意义。更多
地立足真题，总结规律，切实提高自己语言能力，始终是四级作文备考的根本。
Part
Ⅱ
Reading
Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
篇章结构
核心词汇
13 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
1. aid n.
①帮助，援助
②助手
v.
帮助，援助
【用】
financial
aid
经济援助
;merit aid/ Merit-
based
奖学金
;need-based
aid
助学金或经济资助
;foreign
< br>aid
外援，
对外援助
;hea
ring aid
助听器
;aids and applian
ces
用具，
设备
【搭】
in aid to
用来帮助，
起??
作用
;lead
one
’
s aid
(to)
援助，
给予帮助
;in
aid of
作为援助??之用
【拓】
aidance n.
协助，
帮助
;aidant
a.
帮助的
;aided a.
辅助的
2. project v.
①设计
②发射
n.
事业，计划，工程
【用】
Project
Hope
希望工程
;project
manager
项目经理
;project
plan
项目规划
;project budget
项目
预算，工程预算【拓】
projection
n.
突出，发射
;projecting a.
突出的
3. selective a.
选择性的
4.
【用】
selective
analysis
重点分析
;selective
breeding
选择育种，选择性繁殖
【拓】
select v.
挑
选，选拔
a.
精选的
;selection n.
选择，挑选，选集
5. package n.
包裹
;
套装软件，程序包
a.
一揽子的
【用】
package
design
包装设计
;package
agre
ement
一揽子安排，一揽子方案
;package
holiday(
旅
行社安排一切的
)
一揽子旅游
;package tour
包办旅行
(
路线、地点、时间和费用等均作
统一规定和安排
的旅游
);package program<
/p>
组装程序
【拓】
pack
n.
包装，
背包
v.
包装，
压紧
;packaged a.
袋装的
;packager
n.
打包机
6. ranking a.
头等的
;n.
等级，地位
【用】
ranking
list
排名
;ranking
method
等级法，排序法
【拓】
rank n.
等级
;
队列
;v.
排列，列队
7. grant v.
①授予
②承认
;n.
①授予物
②拨款
【用】
grant of a patent
< br>授予专利权
【搭】
take
?<
/p>
for
granted
认为??是理所当然
;
Granted/Granting
that
即使??
(
也
)
【拓】
grants n.
补助金，津贴
(gra
nt
的复数
)
8. enrol v.
登记，入学，参军，注册
【搭】
enrol
in
选课，参加【拓】
enrollment n.
登记，入伍
;enrollee n.
入学者，入伍者
9. eliminate v.
消除，排除
【用】
eliminate
illiteracy
扫盲
;eliminate
poverty
消除贫困
;eliminate noise
消除噪声
【拓】
eliminate
是指把已进入者从中排除
;exclude v.
指把想进入者拒之门外
10. qualify v.
使
具有资格，
证明??合格
【用】
qua
lifying examination
资格考试，
初试
;qualifying
competition
预选赛，资格赛
【搭】
qualify
as
取得??资格，作为??合适
;qualify
for
有??的资
格，合格【拓】
< br>qualified a.
有资格的，合格的
11. excel v.
胜过，优于，擅长
n.
[
计算机
]
软件名称
【搭】
to excel in/at (
在某方面
)
胜过
(
或超过
)
别人
;to
excel in music
擅长音乐
【拓】
excellent a.
极好的，卓越的
;excellence n.
优秀，长处
12. submit v.
使服从，提交【用】
submit oneself to
discipline
遵守纪律
;submit regist
ration
提交登
记表，提交注册【搭】
submit to
服从
;submit
?
to
将??呈交给【拓】
submission n.
服从，投降
试题详解
1.
【原题译文】随着越来越多的
低收入学生追求高等教育，一些学院
__
。
B
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是
more
and
more
，
low-income
students
和
pursuing
higher
education
。
由此即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段。
【篇章分析】原文第二段指出：
“<
/p>
But with low-income students projected
to make up an ever-larger
share of the
college-bound population in coming years, some
schools are re-examining whether that aid,
typically
known
as
merit
aid,
is
the
most
effective
use
of
precious
institutional
dollars.
”原文中
with
low-income students projected to make
up an ever-larger share of the college-bound
population
和题干中
with more and
more low-income students pursuing higher education
意思一致
;
原文中
re- examining
和
B
14 /
43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
选项中
revise
意思相同。所以答案为
B
。
2.
【原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了什么
?
D
【快速
解题】本题的题干关键词是大学名称
Allegheny College in Me
adville
和
do
，由此定位到<
/p>
原文第三段。
【篇章分析】原文第三段指出：
“<
/p>
George Washington University in
Washington, D.C., for example,
said
last week that it would cut the value of its
average merit scholarships by about one-third and
reduce the
number
of
recipients
(
接受者
),
pouring
the
savings,
about
$$2.5
million,
into
need-based
aid.
Allegheny
College in Meadville, Pa., made a
similar decision three years ago.
”
题目中的
D
项
It
cut its merit-based aid
help the needy
students
与原文
cut the value of
its average merit scholarships by about one-third
and reduce
the number of recipients,
pouring the savings, about $$2.5 million, into
need-based aid
意思相同，
所以答案
为
D
。
3.
【
原题译文】有排名意识的大学提供奖学金的主要目的是
__
。<
/p>
C
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是
rankings-conscio
us
和
purpose
，由此可定位到
原文第七段。
< br>【篇章分析】
原文第七段指出：
“
But for rankings-conscious schools in between,
merit aid has served
primarily as a
tool to recruit top students and to improve their
academic profiles.
”
原文中的
recruit
表示
“招
收”
，和答案
C
中的
< br>attract
意思相似，所以答案为
C
。
4.
【原题译文】汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡
?英泽相信
__
。
D
【快速
解题】本题的题干关键词是
Monica Inzer, dean of
admission and financial aid at Hanilton
，
由此可定位到原文第十段。
【篇章分析】
原文第十段指出：
“
to be discounting the price
for families that don
’
t need
financial aid
doesn
’
t feel
right any more.
”
原文与
D
项
it
’
s not right to give aid to those who can afford
the tuition
意
思相同，所以答案为
D
。
5.
【原题译文】近年来，奖学金
的增长比助学金快得多，是因为
__
。
B
【快速
解题】本题的题干关键词是
merit-based aid
和
increased
，由此即可定位到原文第十二段
第二句。
【篇章分析】
原文第十二段第二句指出：
“
typically in a bid to enroll top students
in the state
’
s public
institutions.
”
in a bid to
可以理解为“为了??，力求??”
。
enroll top students in the
state
’
s public
in
stitutions
符合原题意思，所以答案为
B
6.
【原题译文】依大卫?莱尔德来看，许多私立学院对奖学
金的态度是什么
?
A
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是
David L
aird
，
attitude
，
private
colleges
和
merit aid
，由此即
可定位到原文第十四段。
【篇章分析】
原文第十四段指出：<
/p>
“
David Laird, president of
the Minnesota Private College Council,
says many of his schools would like to
reduce their merit aid
”
。原文和答
案
A
项
They would
like to see it
reduced
意思一致，所
以答案为
A
。
7.
【原题译文】为什么阿勒格尼学院不打算完全取消奖学金
?
C
【快速
解题】
本题的题干是
Allegheny
College
和
drop merit aid
。
由此即可定位到原文第十六段。
【篇章分析】
原文第十六段指出：
“
A complicating
factor is that merit aid has become so popular
with
middle-income families, who
don
’
t qualify for need-based
aid, that many have to depend on
it.
”
。原文中
depend on
和答案
C
选项中的
rely on
意思相同，所以答案为
C
< br>。
8. qualified
【原题译文】每年是否可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学金得主是否继续
< br>________
。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是
annual renewa
l
，
academic
，
merit scholarships
和
reci
pient
，由
此即可定位到原文
A
few words about merit-based
aid
这一部分。
【篇章分析】原文
A few
words about merit-based
aid
部分第四句指出：
“
These
merit scholarships
15 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
usually help students pay tuition
bills, and they can be renewed each year as long
as the recipients continue
to
qualify
”
。
这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。
原文中的
each year
在本题中被换成了
annual
，
原文中的
renewed
在本题中被换成了名词
renewal
，
原
文中的
con
tinue
被转换成了
remain
，
所以本题应该填形容词
qualified
。
< br>
9.
recognizes
【原题译
文】体育奖学金申请者要求有
______
其在运动方面有杰出
表现的教练或裁判的推荐。
【快速解题】
本题的题干关键词是
athl
etic
和
a coach or a referee
，
由此即可定位到原文
A few
words
about merit-based
aid
这一部分第三段。
【篇章分析】原文
A few
words about merit-based aid
这一部分第三段：
“
Recommendation for this
scholarships is required, since
exceptional athletic performance has to be
recognized by a coach or a referee
(
裁判
).
”本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出
的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。题目把原文的
被动结构变成了主动，而
a coach or a referee
是第三人称单数，所以本题
应该填的答案是
recognizes
。
10.
excellence
【原题译
文】艺术奖学金要求申请者必须提交能表明其在某一领域
______
< br>的证明。
【快速解题】
本题的题干关键词是
applicant
s
，
artistic merit
scholarships
，
produce evidenc
e
和
show
，
由此可定位到原文
A few words about merit-based
aid
这一部分第四段。
【篇章分析】原文
A
few
words
about
merit-based
aid
这一
部分第四段指出：
“
Artistic
merit
scholarships require
that applicants excel in a given artistic area
”
。艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领
域有突
出表现。
原文中的
in a given artistic
field
和题目中的
in a particular
artistic field
同义，
题目中需
要填的是动词
show
的宾语，
即一个名词，
而原句中对应的
excel
却是动词词性，
需要变成名词形式，
所以答案就是
excel
的名词形式
excellence<
/p>
。
全文精译
大学重新审视奖学金的价值
许多大学给予学生经济资助时，最重要的依据仍然是学生良好
的评估等级和较高的试卷分数。
但是在未来几年里，预计低收入家庭的学生数占大学生总数的比例越来越大。一些学校正
在重
新考虑奖学金是否是利用大学宝贵的资金最有效的途径。
例如，
华
盛顿特区的乔治?华盛顿大学上周公布说将削减约三分之一的奖学金，
减少奖学金得主<
/p>
数，而将节省下来的大约
250
万美元用
于助学金。位于宾夕法尼亚州米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年
前也做出了类似的决定。
纽约克林顿
市的哈密尔顿学院说它将逐步淘汰奖学金。该规定不会使现有的奖学金得主失去奖
学金，
助学金制度将从
2008
年秋天入学的学生开始实行。
并不是所有的大
学都提供奖学金
;
一般来说，
淘汰率越
高的学校，
越不太可能提供奖学金。
例如，
哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学慷慨地提供了各种助学金，但是许多不符合助学条件的家庭为了上名牌大
< p>学不管付多少钱都愿意。
对于规模较小的地方性学院来说，他们只是努力填满空缺，奖
学金只是财政收入的重要来源，
因为许多奖学金得主仍需支付比奖学金金额更高的学费，
而正是这些学费维持大学的运转。
但是对于有排名意识的学校，奖学金已经成为招收一流学生和改善他们的学术效益的一种
主要
工具。斯基德莫尔大学的经济学家桑迪?波美说，
“他们试
图购买学生”
。
研究表明奖学金存在一种倾向，即大部分奖学金得主不依靠奖
学金仍能支付得起学费。
“展望未来，更迫切需要的助学金投资”
，汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办
公室主任莫尼卡?英泽说。
汉密尔顿大学已提供
10
年的奖学金。在这段时间里，在《美国新闻和世界报导》对最好的文学院的
排名中，它从第
25
名上升到第
17<
/p>
名。
奖学金每年帮助了大约
75
名学生，
或大约
4%
的学生，
花费大约为一年
1
百万美元，
“奖学金
给
我们带来了好处”
，英泽说，但“奖学金这种变相优惠学费的
做法对不需要经济援助的家庭来说，似
16 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
乎不妥。
”
助学金目前仍是学生接受资助的主要方式，包括国家助学金、
联邦助学金和机构助学金。但是，
从总体上和大学层面上来看，主要由学校和州提供的奖
学金增长速度很快。
一项由美国宾州州立大学教授唐纳德?海勒主持的研究报告表明，
在
1995-96
和
2003-04
年之间，
仅就大学的奖学金而言，增加了
212%
，而助学金增加了
47%
。至少有
15
个州也提供奖学金，通常
是为了在公立
大学中招收优等生。
但是近年来，越来越多的批评已经迫使大学开始减少这种做法。汉密尔顿和其他大学最近的决
策可能是“一种迹象，表明人们开始意识到这种破坏性的竞争”
，波美
说。波美与他人合作，共同发
表了一份《大学报告》
，对于大学
资助不是建立在需要的基础之上表示担忧。
明尼苏达私立大学委员会主席大卫?莱尔德认为，很多私立学
校想减少奖学金，但害怕这样做，
会使优秀学生流失到他们的竞争对手那里去。
“没有人可以采
取单方面行动，
”莱尔德说。他正在探索是否能获得联邦反托拉斯法的豁免，以
使会员大学可以讨论如何共同降低奖学金。
“这是一个跑得很快的旋转木
马，
没有大学相信他们能承
受摆脱木马束缚的风险。
”
一个复杂因素就是，奖学金已经在不符合助学金条件的中产阶级家庭中变得很受欢迎，结果许
多家庭都依靠它。并且，随着学费不断增加，奖助学金之间的界限也变得模糊了。
< br>
这是阿勒格尼大学并不打算完全取消奖学金的理由之一。
“我们仍然相信对成绩优异者进行
奖励的效用，好学生很重视奖学金”
，
阿勒格尼大学负责招
生的副校长斯科特?弗利达霍夫说。
位于亚特兰大的艾莫利大学以拥有
47
亿美元的捐赠而自豪。同时该校拟采取新政策。今年，该<
/p>
大学宣布将取消特困生贷款，
同时对中产阶级家庭的贷款进行限额
，
但它将扩大其已有
28
年历史的
奖学金项目。
“是的，我们在玩奖学金游戏，
”负责大学本科教育的副院长汤
姆兰?卡斯特承认。但这也有它
的优势，他说，
“事实上，这不
仅仅关系到低收入人群，它还关系到无缘问津助学金、普通的美国中
产阶级家庭。
”
*
关于奖学金制度的几点补充
奖学金是向在某一领域杰出的学生
提供的资助，通常是指学术、体育和艺术奖学金。
学术奖学金是以学生在高中阶段的分数，平均成绩和学术表现
为基础。它们通常是专门为学生
在高中毕业后直接进入大学而设置的。
< br>然而，
还有为学习成绩格外突出的在校大学生准备的奖学金。
这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。某些情况下，
< p>学生在申请过程中可能需要学校或者一位教师推荐。
运动奖学金是为在任何一种体育运
动中突出的学生设置的奖学金，从足球到田径项目。本奖学
金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的
运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。申请者需要寄送包含他们最佳
表现的一盘磁带。<
/p>
艺术奖学
金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。一般包括创作领域，如艺术、设计、时装、
音
乐、舞蹈或写作。申请艺术奖学金，通常要求学生提供一个选辑，它可以包括艺术作品集、音乐
< br>表演录像或舞蹈的视频
Part
Ⅲ
Listening
Comprehension
Section A
试题详解
11. A) Get some small change.
A)
换取零钱。
B) Find a shopping center.
B)
找一个购物中心。
C) Cash a check at a bank.
C)
在银行兑现支票。
D) Find a parking meter. D)
找一个停车计费器。
17 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
【听音指导】选项均缺少主语，属于细节题加转折题型，预读
时无需关注句意，直接找相似场
景即可，并且按照听力短对话规律，重点仍然在女士话语
当中，典型的“转折”出答案题型。
【正确项分析】由
but
后的
money
changer
可知男生需要换零钱，可快速排除选项
B (<
/p>
购物中心
)
和选项
D (
停车
)
二个场景，答案应在
选项
A
、
C
当
中。
C
选项虽也和“钱”有关，但对话中对该选
项中的银行只字未提，由此可知答案为选项
A
。
【原文及译文】
M: Excuse me. Do you have
change for a ten-dollar note? I need to pay the
parking meter.
W: I
’
m sorry, but
I think you can get it through the money changer
in the shopping center across the
street.
Q: What is the man trying to do?
男士：打扰一下，你能给我换开一
张
10
美元的钞票吗
?
我需要支付停车费。
<
/p>
女士：很抱歉，但我觉得你可以到马路对面的购物中心里的货币兑换中换取零钱。
问题：男士要干什么
?
【词汇点拨】
parking
meter
停车计费器
;cash a check
支票兑现
;change n.
零钱
12. A) Shopping with his son. A)
与儿子一起购物。
B) Buying a gift for a
child. B)
给孩子买礼物。
C) Promoting a
new product. C)
促销新产品。
D) Bargaining
with a salesgirl. D)
与女售货员讨价还价。
【听音指导】预览选项，可发现均缺少主语，与
11
题一样，属于细节题加建议题型，直接寻找
相似
场景即可，可快速排除选项
C
，因为只有
C
选项是关于“出售”
(
促销
)
，而其它选项都和“购
买”有关
;
答案应在选项
A
、
B
、
D
中。
【正确项分析
】
女士话语仍具有绝对指导意义，
非常简单的建议考点，
竟然直接用到了
suggest
，
其后必有答案，女生提到
toy train
和<
/p>
brand
，加上男生说的
school
boy
，可确定答案为选项
B
。
【干扰项分析
】
A
选项中的
son
< br>是无中生有，切忌主观猜测。选项
D
可在听时排除，原文
中并
无任何涉及关于“还价”或具体金额的内容。
【原文及译文】
M: Can you recommend
something that a school boy of 7 or 8 will really
like?
W:
I
’
d suggest this toy train,
sir. It
’
s an excellent
brand. Very popular all over the world these days.
Q: What is the
man doing?
男士：你能给我推荐一个七八岁学童真正喜欢的东西吗
?
女士：我给你推荐这款玩具火车。
这是一个优秀的品牌。在世界各地都非常受欢迎。
问题：男士正在做什么
?
【词汇点拨】
recommend v.
推荐
;brand n.
品牌
;promote v.
促销
;bargain v.
讨价还价
13. A) Taking photographs. A)
拍照。
B) Enhancing images. B)
突显形象。
C) Mending cameras. C)
修理相机。
D) Painting pictures. D)
画画。
【听音指导】选项仍均缺少主语，属于细节考查题。选项
D
与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。
第一句由女士发出，需仔细聆听
，原文提到
taking pictures(
拍照
)
，由此确定话题方向。
【正确项分析】女士说话中提到
taking picture
s
，与选项
A
中的
taking photographs
一致，答案为
A<
/p>
选项。
【原文及译文】
W: Do you let people know
when you
’
re taking pictures
of them?
M:
I
try
not
to.
You
know
any
picture
of
a
person
who
poses
for
the
camera
would
look
dull
and
18 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
unnatural.
Q: What are the speakers talking about?
女士：你给人们拍照时，会让他们知道吗
?
男士：尽量不让他们知道。你也知
道一个人为拍照摆出的姿势看起来呆滞、不自然。
问题：讲话人在谈论什么
?
【词汇点拨】
pose v.
摆姿势
n.
姿势，姿态
;enhance v.
提高，加强
;image n.
图像，形象
14. A) He moved to
Baltimore when he was young. A)
他年轻的时候搬到巴尔的摩。
B) He can provide little
useful information. B)
他提供不了太多有用信息。
C) He will show the woman
around Baltimore. C)
他将领女士参观巴尔的摩。
D) He will ask someone else
to help the woman. D)
他将找其他人来帮助女士。
【听音指导】此题考查意义解释题加转折题型，此类题型答案
多为“听见什么不选什么”
。
本
题需要对考生有一定的实力要求，
属于可
“
失分”
的题目。
关注动词
move to
，
provide
，
show around
和
ask
。
【正确项分析】经典转折考法，直接用
but
定位答案即可，男生说自己当时还很年轻，言下之
意自
己对当地情况不够了解。答案为
B
选项。
【干扰项分析】根据四级听力
中短对话“尾词错误原则”
，即结尾内容听得越清楚越不能选，可
顺利排除
A
选项。选项
C
没有提及。选项
D
与选项
B
为相似项，其中应有答案，男士并未主动提
出找人帮忙，故排
除选项
D
。
【原文及译文】
W: I need to
talk to someone who knows Baltimore well.
I
’
m told you lived there.
M: Oh, but I
was really young at the time
Q: What does the man mean?
女士：我需要找个非常了解巴尔的
摩的人。我听说你曾在那里居住过。
男士：哦，但是我那时候太年轻了。
问题：男士是什么意思
?
【词汇点拨】
show
around
领??参观
15. A) He is rather disappointed. A)
他非常失望。
B) He is highly ambitious.
B)
他很有抱负。
C) He
can
’
t face up to the
situation. C)
他不能面对处境。
D) He knows his
own limitation. D)
他知道自己的不足。
【听音指导】预读四个选项时只有
B
提到了“正面、积极”的方向，可初步排除。选项预读较
难，但本题属于经典转折题型，关注相应标志词即可。
but
出现表示“前否后肯”
，直接用
but
定位
答案，就可选出正确选项。
【正确项分析】原文是“承担责任
前需要积累更多经验”
，表明他知道自己的不足之处，与选项
D
同义。
【干扰项分析】
A
选项中是
rather
，与原文的
a little
不一致，可排除。
C
选项原文中未曾提及。
【原文及译文】
W:
Aren
’
t you disappointed that
you didn
’
t get the
promotion?
M:
Maybe a little, but I know I need more experience
before I
’
m ready for that
kind of responsibility.
Q: What do we learn about the man from
this conversation?
女士：你没有被提升，不觉得失望吗
?
男士：可能有一点，但我觉得承担责任前需要积累更多经验。
问题：从此对话可以得知男士的什么信息
?
【词汇点拨】
disappointed a.
失望的
;ambitious a.
有雄心的
;promotion n.
晋升
;responsibility n.
责
19 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
任
16. A) She must have paid a lot for the
gym. A)
她一定在健身房花了很多钱。
B) She is known
to have a terrific figure. B)
她以身材好而闻名。
C) Her gym exercise has
yielded good results. C)
她的健身锻炼取得了很好的效果。
D) Her effort to keep fit
is really praiseworthy. D)
她努力健身的做法值得称赞。
【听音指导】预读四个选项，可知选项
A
与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。选项
B
、
C
都是
关于锻炼效果极佳的
表达，按照惯例其中应该有答案。本题为意义解释题，同义替换是答案。
【正确项分析】男士提到
your effort has
paid off
，这与选项
C
中的<
/p>
has yielded good results
一致，
故选择
C
项。
【干扰项分析】男士赞扬女士身材
好，但未曾提到她以此闻名，
B
选项可排除。男士也未称赞
她的作法，故排除选项
D
。
【原文及译文】
W:
I
’
ve been working out the
gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.
M: You look
terrific. It seems that your effort has paid off.
Q: What does
the man imply about the woman?
女士：我从一月份一直在健身房锻炼。我之前都有些走形了。
男士：现在你看起来很棒。看来你的努力没有白费。
问题：男士暗示女士什么
?
【词汇点拨】
gym n.
健身房
;yield v.
产生
;keep fit
保持体型
;work out
体育锻炼
;out of shape
走
形，走样
;pay off
得到好结果
17. A) Female students are
unfit for studying physics. A)
女学生不适合学习物理。
B) He can serve as the
woman
’
s tutor. B)
他可以担当女士的家庭教师。
C) Physics is an important
course at school. C)
在学校，物理是一门很重要的学科。
D) The
professor
’
s suggestion is
constructive. D)
教授的建议是有建设性的。
【听音指导】本题选项预读最难，找不出明显的相反或相似选
项，听前可暂时确定两组方向。
选项
A
、
C
与物理有关，选项
B
、
D
是导师的建议，待场景明确后再排除。
【正确项分析】
首句用到
suggest
接着说到
tutor
场景明确，
和选项
B
、
D
有关，
排除选项
A
、
C
。
首句
Professor Clark
suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics
，可知答案为选项
D
。
【原文及译文】
W: Professor Clark
suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics.
M: Well, that
might help. Advanced physics is a pretty difficult
course.
Q: What
does the man mean?
女士：克拉克教授建议我得为高等物理找个家庭教师。
男士：嗯，那可能有帮助。高等物理确实是一门比较难的科目。
问题：男士的意思是什么
?
【词汇点拨】
tutor n.
家庭教师
;constructive a.
有益的，建设性的
18. A) Indifferent. A)
漠不关心的。
B) Doubtful. B)
怀疑的。
C) Pleased. C)
高兴的。
D) Surprised. D)
惊奇的。
【听音指导】预读时可排除唯一的“积极”选项
C
。本题为加了“弦外之音”
意义解释题，同
义替换是答案，此类题有较少的明显的语言点可以指示答案，难度较大。听音时关注说话者的语
气。
【
正确项分析】女士所谓的好消息是谈话的两个人都没有被炒鱿鱼。男士却既不兴奋，也没有
表示怀疑，所以轻易排除选项
B
、
C
。因为他已经有点厌倦这份工作了，甚至想到要去辞职。与选项
20 / 43
知己知彼·百战百胜
全国英语四级历年真题
A
意义相符。
【原文及译文】
W: Bill, have you heard the
latest news? It appears we two
won
’
t be laid off after all.
M: Oh,
I
’
m somewhat tired of
working here. I
’
ve been
wondering whether I should resign. Anyway,
the news seems to be good for you.
Q: How does the
man feel about the news?
<
/p>
女士：比尔，知道最新消息吗
?
好像我俩
都没有被炒鱿鱼。
男士：哦，我在这儿工作有些厌烦了，我一直在考虑我是否应该辞职。无论如何，这个消息对
你来说是个好事。
问题：男士对新闻是怎么看的
?
【词汇点拨】
indifferent a.
漠不关心的
;doubtful a.
持怀疑态度的
;lay off
解雇
;resign
v.
辞职
;be tired
of
?
对??厌倦
Questions
19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have
just heard.
19.
A) He prefers the smaller evening classes. A)
他更喜欢晚上的小班课程。
B) He has signed up for a
day course. B)
他已经报名参加白天课程。
C) He has to
work during the day. C)
他白天上班。
D) He finds the evening
course cheaper. D)
他发现晚上课程更便宜。
【听音指导】预览选项，选项
A
、
D
讨论
even
ing class
，选项
B
讲述
day course
，立刻可推测此
长对
话与课程有关，且该课程有
day
class
和
evening class
之分。从这四个选项暗含的意义推测，男
士应偏重于
eve
ning
class
，可初步推测，此题考查男士选择
evening
class
的原因。
【正确项分析】原文中男士明确说明
it would
have to be an evening course since I work during
the
day
，关键词在于
sinc
e
，正所谓“因果必考”
，选项
C
与原文相符。
20. A) Learn a computer language. A)
学习一门计算机语言。
B) Learn data processing.
B)
学习数据处理。
C) Buy some computer
software. C)
买一些电脑软件。
D) Buy a few
course books. D)
买一些课本。
【听音指导】行为动作考查题，根
据
19
题推测，本对话涉及报班，由本题四个选项可知，所报<
/p>
课程与电脑有关，因为前三项均与
computer
有关。可知选项
D
与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除
。
本题也为一细节题，在听力过程中，应适时记录相关信息。
【正确项分析】女士先提到了
Have you taken
any courses in data processing
，在其后紧跟着又对
其进行了解释
data processing is a
course you have to take before you can take
computer programming
。
对
于
data processing
在对话中重复出
现，且与问题相符，故选择
B
选项。
21. A) Thursday
evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. A)
周四晚，
7
点至
9
点
45
分。
B) From September 1 to New
Year
’
s eve. B)
从<
/p>
9
月
1
号至新年
前夕。
C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks.
C)
每周一，持续
12
周。
D)
Three hours a week, 45 hours in total. D)
< br>一星期三小时，总共
45
小时。
【听音指导】由选项即可知本题考
查数字的细节题，且考查的数字为持续的时间，初步推测为
某一课程所持续的时间。所以
如在听力过程中涉及数字都要作笔记，且应注意数字的上下文场景。
【正确项分析】对该问题的回答，
信息较分散，最初提到了
every Monday, from 7 to
9:45
。接下
来在
let me
see
停顿之后出现答案
12
weeks
，
from September 1 to
Christmas eve.
整合以上信息，
应选
C
。
【干扰项分析】选项
A
错在
Thursday
evening
，原文中明确给出应该是
Monday eve
ning
。选项
B
中的
New
Year
’
s
eve
也是偷梁换柱，应为
Christm
as
eve
。选项
D
涉及小计算，每晚
3
小时，持续
12
周，应大约总共
36
小时才正确
。
21 / 43