考研长难句解析

考研英语长难句解析

一、考研英语长难句之定语从句

一、定语从句

定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型，它可以分为限制性定语 从句和非限制性定语从

句，即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。

在主句中不可缺少的定语从句

称限定性定语从句。对主句起附加说明作 用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。此外，定语

从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明 原因、目的、让步、假设等。

例

change

met

the

technical

requirement

of

the

new

age

and

prevented

the

decline

in

efficiency

that

so

commonly

spoiled

the

fortunes

of

family

firms

in

the

second

and

third

generation after the energetic founders. (1996

年真题

)

例

2.

The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-

oriented

economy

in

which

consumers

largely

determine

what

shall

be

produced

by

spending

their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.

例

3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will

tend

to

increase

the

supply

offered

by

seller-producers,

which

in

turn

will

lower

the

price

and

permit more consumers to buy the product.

例

4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policies and loans of low interest rate

to those enterprises

that

could improve their structure of production and were willing to take in

over 50 laid-off workers yearly.

例

5. The local government introduced the snakes into this area hoping that they would control the

number of mice,

which

finally became the threat needed to be controlled.

例

environmental

protection

should

be

given

priority

which

means

the

economic

development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country.

例

7.

She

was

confirmed

to

be

infected

with

bird

flu

that

calls

for

a

quarantine

and

medical

observation for weeks in the hospital.

例

8.

In

Europe,

as

elsewhere

multi-media

groups

have

been

increasingly

successful

groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing

houses that work in relation to one another.(2005

年真题

)

二、考研英语长难句之同位语从句

例

1.

The

audience

leraned

form

the

internet

the

news

that

a

serious

explosion

broke

out

in

Xi

’

an a few days ago.

例

rumor

that she eloped with her boyfriend

just cannot hold water, for I saw her at home

just now.

例

3.

However,

the

conventional

view

that

education

should

be

one

of

the

very

highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries

is

wrong.(2009

年第

3

篇

)

三、考研英语长难句之倒装句

倒装< /p>

(inversion)

是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构 的需要和强调某一句子成分的

需要。英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构，倒装就是将这种 比较固定的词序加以颠倒。

倒装有两种。

将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，

叫做

完全倒装

(complete inversion)

。

如

Then

began a bitter war between the two countries.

于是两国之间开始了恶战。

只将助动词

(

包括情态动词

)

移至主语之前，叫做

部分倒装

(partial

inversion)

。如

At

no

time was the entrance left unguarded.

入口无时无人把守。

英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构 的需要而进行的倒装，

二是由于修辞的需要而进行的

倒装。

前一种情况，

倒装是必须的，

否则就会出现 语法错误，

后一种情况，

倒装是选择性的，

倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。

例

1Among

the

advantages

that

future

biochips,

or

“living

computers”,

would

have

over

conventional semiconductor chips are that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and

they

allow

for

the

parallel

processing

of

information,

making

them

faster

than

today

’

s

semiconductor devices.

例

2This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society

where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.

注意：调整语序，加强语气。

以

There be

引出的倒装句

a. There seem to be many good candidates in the district.

b. There exist many problems among the present day students.

c. There appears to be a man in black in the distance.

以副词

here, there, then, now, next

引出的倒装句

a. Here come the rest of the party.

b. Now comes your turn.

c. Then followed the discovery of a new compound.

d. Next came Edward with his wife.

以表地点的介词短语引出的倒装句

a. At the school gate stood a guard.

b. Under the tree are sitting some students.

c. On the bed lay a pretty kitten.

主语为代词时，不用倒装

Behind the counter

he stood.

Behind the counter

stood a man

with glasses.

以表方位的副词引出的倒装句

a. Up went the arrow into the air.

b. Down fell a dozen apples.

c. Off went the horse.

not

短语置于句首

a. Not until he went abroad did he know the truth of the fact.

b. Not a moment did she waste on campus.

c. Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend.

d. Not simple is this book interesting, but also instructive.

no

短语置于句首

a. By no means should he be left alone.

b. In no way are can we allow this to continue.

c. In no case are you to leave your post.

d. On no account should we follow blindly.

e. Under no circumstances can we create or destroy energy.

f. No longer are they staying with us.

g. No sooner had she finished the poem than the students began go ask her questions.

only

置于句首

a. Only by this means is it possible to explain his failure to act decisively.

b. Only after making investigation can we have the right to speak.

c. Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.

比较状语从句中的倒装

a. He ran as fast as did the person who came from England.

b. I spend less than do nine out of ten people in my position.

c. The greater the number of the free electrons in a material, the better is the conductivity of the

material.

让步状语从句中的倒装

a. Small as atoms, electrons are still smaller.

b. Complex as it may appear, the rocket, which was invented in China over 800 years ago, is a

relatively simple device.

c. Hard as I tried to explain it to him, he still didn

’

t understand.

d. Much as I disagree with you, I yet respect you.

e. Vague though its category (is), it is without doubt an essay.

f. Try as he would, he could not lift the rock.

四、考研英语长难句之被动语态

1.

变为汉语的主动形式

e.g.

In

his

attitude

can

be

found

seeds

for

art

in

the

20

th

century:

the

art

of

the

primitive, of symbol, and of imagination.

e.g.

It

leads

the

discussion

to

extremes

at

the

outset

：

it

invites

you

to

think

that

animals should be tested either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,

or with no consideration at all.

e.g. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if

the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he

is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they

possessed.

e.g. In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most

precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well

defined.

2.< /p>

被动结构的表语化，可译为：

“是?的”

，

“由?的”等。

e.g. The movement to oppose racial discrimination was personally initiated and led by a famous

Negro leader.

e.g. This picture was taken by my brother as he went to Y

unnan.

3.

译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。

e.g.

For

all

the

help

this

computer

may

provide,

it

should

not

be

seen

as

a

substitute

for

fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.

e.g.

It

should

be

made

clear

to

entire

citizens

that

whoever

enjoys

rights

must

undertake

corresponding obligations.

e.g. Those who support the

“

nature

”

side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior

patterns are largely determined by biological factors.

e.g. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,

reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it

is interpreted.

4.

增添 “人们”

、

“大家”等适当的词做汉语译文的主语。