-
英语字母及字母组合的发音规则
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读
音
例
词
a
在开音节中
[ei] name plane Jane
baby cake
在闭音节中
[
?
] bag dad hat map black
back
e
在开音节中
[i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中
[e] bed let pen desk
yes egg
i
在开音节中
[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中
fish big drink sit
milk swim
o
在开音节中
[ou] those close go
hoe home no
在闭音节中
[
?
] clock not box shop sock
u
在开音节中
[ju:]
student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中
[
∧
] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中，元音字母
u
在辅音字母<
/p>
j
l
r
s
后面时读
[u:]
音，例如：
June
blue
ruler super
二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母
读
音
例
词
a
在<
/p>
[w]
音后面
[
?
] want what watch wash
quality
a
在
f n sk
ph sp ss
st th
前
[
α
:] after plant graph ask
grasp glass fast
father
i
在
-nd -ld
< br>和
gh
前
[ai] find
child light high
o
在
-st
-ld
前
[ou] most postcard old
cold
o
在
m n v
th
前
[
∧
] come monkey love mother
三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读
音
例
词
a
[
?
] China another woman
breakfast
[i]
orange comrade village cabbage
e
[
?
] hundred student open
weekend
[i]
chicken pocket begin children
i
[
?
]/ holiday beautiful
family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o [
?
] second
tonight somebody welcome
[
?
u
]
also zero photo
u
[
?
] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January <
/p>
动词中的
a
如果处在开音节位置，
a
读
[ei]
音，例
如：
operate
u
处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母
j
l r s
后面时，读
[u(:)]
音
，例如：
July
influence February
issue
在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母
a e
i
即可以读作
[
?
< br>]
音，也可以读作
[i]
音。<
/p>
四、
-r
音节
元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母组合
读
音
例
词
ar [
α
:] car farm
dark sharpener
在
[w]
音后面
[
?
:]
warm quarter towards
or
[
?
:]
forty morning short
在
[w]
音后面
[
?
:]
word worker worse
er ir ur
[
?
:]
certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母
r
双写时，
前面的元音字母不能与
r
构成
-r
音节
,
而是按重读闭音节的
拼读规则发音。例如：
< br> carry sorry hurry
-r
音节在
非重读音节中通常读
[
?
]
音，例如：
dollar teacher forget
Saturday
五、
-re
音节元
音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母组合
读
音
例
词
are
[
?
?
]
care dare hare
[i
?
]
ere here mere
ire
[ai
?
] fire hire wire
ore
[
?
:]
more score before
ure
[ju
?
] pure cure
are
ere
ire
ore
很少出现在非重读音节中，
ure
在非重读音节中读
[
?
]
音，例如：
picture pleasure
重读元音字母加
r
，再加非重读元字组时，重读
元音字母应按
-re
音节拼读规则
拼读
，字母
r
读
[r]
音。例如：
parent zero story during
inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：
orange very American
paragraph
六、元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母组合
读
音
例
词
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play
air
[
?
?
]
air hair chair pair repair
al
在
f
m
前
[
?
]
small ball talk wall all
[
?
:l] always also
salt almost
[
α
:]
half calm
au/aw
[
?
:] autumn daughter draw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear
[i
?
]
hear dear near clear year
[
?
?
]
bear pear wear swear
[
?
:] earth learn
early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [i
?
]
pioneer
deer beer
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew
在
j l r
s
后
[ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]
音之后
[i:]
piece field receive
oa [ou] coat Joan
boat goal
oar/oor [C:] roar board door
floor
oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy
toilet
oo [u:] broom food tooth school
book look cook foot good
ou/ow [au] flower house count down
[ou] know row throw though
[
∧
] young country
enough
[u:] group you soup
our [C:] course your four
[auE] our hour ours
[E:]
journey
ui
在
j l r
s
后
[ju:i] fluid suicide
tuition
[u:] juice fruit suit
七、非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音
元音字母组合或字群
读
音
例
词
ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读
[E]
音或。例如
:neighbour
serious
famous
biscuit
coffee
-sion -tion [Fn]
impression nation
-sion
在元音字母后
[Vn]
vision decision occasion
-tion
< br>在
s
后
[tFEn]
question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure
[VE] pleasure measure
-ture [tFE]
picture culture
八、元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，
但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍
按重
读音节拼读规则拼读。例如：
everyday[ei]
handbag[
?
] blackboard[C:] <
/p>
有些词随着语言的发展，
前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，<
/p>
融合成为一个词。
其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发
音。
例如：
sun
太阳
+
day[ei]
日子
＞
Sunday
星期天
holy
神圣
+
day[ei]
日子
＞
holiday
假日
break
中
断
+ fast[
α
:]
斋戒
＞
breakfast[E]
早餐
cup
茶杯
+
board
木板
[C:]
＞
cupboard[E]
碗柜
九、辅音字母组合的读音
辅音字母组合
读
音
例
词
b bike bus bag
[/] bomb
tomb
cc
在
e
前或在
i/y
前
[k]
cake picture coat music
[s] face
decide cinema
ch [tF] much chick rich
teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[F] machine
-ck [k] cock
pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread
hand day
-dge [dV] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
f [f] five four breakfast
gg
在
e
i/y
前
[^] bag garden go
[dV] orange large German
gh
[f] cough enough
[/] light daughter
high
gu-
-guegu
在非重读音节中
[^] guess
league dialogue
[^w] language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [dV] jeep
jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike
skate make week
kn- [n] knife know
knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
nn
在
[k]
[g]
音前
[n] not shine ten note
[N] uncle thank hungry
-ng
[N] morning young wrong
p [p] paper
plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant
photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r
[r] red rubber ruler
s
在词首或清
辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前
[s] sit sleep desk
[z] music husband
sc- [sk]
scarlet
[s] muscle science
sh [F] she fish shirt wash
t
在通常情况下在弱读字母
ia ie
io
前
[t] ten letter meet
[F] patient nation
tch [tF]
watch
th
在通常情况下在冠词
代词
介词
连词中在词尾
-the
-ther
中
[
θ
] thin
thirty
method
[T] the these with than
[T] clothe fathe r weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
[/] Answer two
wh-wh-
在字母
o
前
[w]
what when white why
[h] who whose
whole
x
在重读元音前
[ks] box text exercise
[gz] example
exist exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
国际音标元音发音一览表
重读闭音节
重读开音节
非重读音节
R
音节
字母组合
a
[?
]
bag cat jam map happy sad back fact hand pan
[ei] cake date face game
paper lady mistake
[i]
bandage climate palace village
massage
[
?
] about Canada
China woman
sofa
address
[
ɑ
:] arm car dark
farm garden yard park market
ai(ay)-[ei] aim fail may
lay
au-[
?
:] fault
pause cause
aw-[
?
:] draw hawk
lawyer
air-[
??
] chair
fair hair pair
are-[
??
] care
dare share spare
e
[e] bed desk
get leg lesson message neck pen rest send ten
[i:] even fever he metre
she these
[i] before
collage cinema decide enjoy jacket
[
?
]
garden licence open silent excellent travel
[
?
:]
nerve serve term