-
英文句子的組合
(
使你的句子更优美
,
简洁
)
句子組合
(sentence combining)
的目的,
就是把一些短句或
「支離破碎」
的句子
(short and choppy
sentence)
連接起來,使句子更好,更有連貫性。
以下把一般常用的句子組合方法,舉例說明。
(1)
把簡單型
(simple f
orm)
的主詞、
動詞、
受詞或補助語
連接起來,
成為結合型
(compound
form)
:
例
1
:
Mr.
Wang is applying for this position.
(
王先生申請這個職位。
)
Mr. Lee is also
applying for this position.
(
李先生也申請這個職位。
)
上面兩句可組成:
Mr. Wang and Mr. Lee are
both applying for this position.
(
把
Mr.
Wang
和
Mr. Lee
用
and
連接,成為結合主詞。
)
例
2
My wife read the book for an hour last
night. (
昨晚內人看了一小時的書。
)
She also wrote
a letter. (
她也寫了一封信。
)
In addition,
she cooked a nice dinner.
(
還有,她燒了一頓好晚餐。
)
上面三句可組成:
Last night my
wife read the book for an hour wrote a letter and
cooked a nice dinner.
(
p>
由於主詞相同,
所以可把三個動詞
read
, wrote
和
cooked
,
p>
加逗號,
用
and
連接,
成結合動詞。
)
例
3
The
school gave Mr. Chang extra credits for field
work. (
學校給張先生實地考察的額外學分。
)
Mr. Lee was given extra
credits as well.
(
李先生也有額外的學分。
)
上面兩句可組成:
The school gave Mr. Chang and Mr. Lee
extra credits for field work.
(
先把第二句的被動
was
given
改為主動後,再把間接受詞
Mr.
Chang
和
Mr.
Lee
連接起來。
)
例
4
The old man sat at a
roadside stand. (
老人坐在路邊的攤位。
)
He sold vegetables to
passing drivers.
(
他賣蔬菜給路過的駕駛。
)
可組成:
The
old man sat at a roadside stand and sold
vegetables to passing drivers.
(
把動詞
sat
和
sold
用
and
連接,成為結合動詞。
)
例
5
I
painted the house. (
我油漆房子。
)
My wife painted the back
fence. (
我內人油漆後院的籬笆。
)
可組成:
My wife and I painted the house and the
back fence.
(
把直接
受詞
house
和
fence
用
and
連接,成為結合受詞。
)(
為了禮貌,要把別人放在前面,不
說:
I and my wife…)
例
6
Mr. A called Mr. B a
scholar. (A
先生稱
B
先生
是位學者。
)
He
also called Mr. B a philanthropist. (
他也
稱
B
先生是位慈善家。
)
Finally, Mr. A called Mr. B
a wonderful man. (
最後
A
先生稱
B
先生是位出色的人。
)
上面三句可組成:
Mr. A called Mr. B a
scholar, a philanthropist and a wonderful man.
(
把受詞補助語
scholar, <
/p>
philanthropist
和
won
derful
man
用
comma
分開,再用
and
連成一個簡
單句。在
and
的前面,通常不加
comma
。
)
例
7
-
1 -
The
college library cost five million dollars.
(
大學圖書館花了五百萬元。
)
It took five years to compl
ete.
(它費了五年的時間去完工。
)
可組成:
The college
library cost five million dollars and took five
years to complete.
p>
(因為
it
也指圖書館,所以可把直接受詞
dollars
和
years
連接起來。
)
例
8
Mr. Chen will bring a camcorder for the
party.
(陳先生要為宴會帶個錄像機。
)
One
of his friends will also bring a camcorder for the
party.
(他的一位朋友也要為宴會帶個錄像
機。
)
可組成:
Both Mr. Chen and one of his friends
will bring camcorders for the party.
(上面兩句不同的主詞,可用
bot
h…and
連接,成為結合式主詞。
)
例
9
The faculty
members elected John
(
as the<
/p>
)
chairperson.
(教師們選
John
當主席。
)
< br>
They also named
Bob
(
as the
)
secretary.
(他們也指定
Bob
當祕書。
)
可組成:
The faculty
members elected John chairperson and Bob
secretary.
(動詞
elected
和
named
意義相似,故可省去一個。把受詞補助語
chairperson
和
secre
tary
用
and
連
< br>接起來。如把「
as the
」省去,就表示主席和祕書
只是一種「
office
」的工作而已。
)
例
10
In the fitting room, Mary
tried on the swimsuit.
(在試衣間裡,
Mary
試穿泳衣。
)
She looked in
the full-length
mirror.
(她在長鏡前照著。
)
She then
smiled.
(然後她笑了。
)
上面三句可組成:
In the fitting room, Mary
tried on the swimsuit, looked in the full-length
mirror and smiled.
(由於主詞都是一樣,所以可省去其他的
p>
she
。
)
例
11
Mr. Wang's article stressed the
terrible working condition in some of the Chinese
factories.
(王先生的文章強調一些中國工廠
不良的工作環境。
)
It also described the
cramped housing in Chinatown.
(該文也描述中國城的
狹窄房子。
)
Finally, it pointed out the
filthy environment there.
(最後該文指出那裡不衛生的環
境。
)
以上三句可組成:
Mr.
Wang's
article
stressed
the
terrible
working
condition
in
some
of
the
Chinese
factories
and
described the cramped housing and
filthy environment in Chinatown.
(動詞
described
和
pointed
out
意義相似,但與動詞
stres
sed
意思不同。為了保持原意,仍然要
用兩個不同的動詞。<
/p>
)
(
2
p>
)
利用對等連接詞
(
coordinating conjunction
)和帶有連接詞作用的副詞(<
/p>
conjunctive adverb
)
,
把意義相近的獨立句,連接起來,成為
com-pound
sentence
。
常用的對等連接詞如:
but , or , so ,
for , therefore , because , nor , either…or ,
neither…nor , yet
等。
帶有連接詞作用的副詞如:
besides
,
furthermore
,
otherwise
,
consequently
,
accordingly
,
thus
,
notwithstanding , still , whereas
等。
例
1
John will go to
a piano lesson.
(
John
< br>要去上鋼琴課。
)
Mary will stay home to baby sit her bro
ther.
(
Mary
要在家照顧弟弟
。
)
上面兩句可組成:
John will go to a piano lesson and Mary
will stay home to baby sit her sister.
- 2 -
p>
(把這兩個獨立句,用
and
或
but
連接,成為結合句。
)
例
2
Rain had soaked the football field.
(下雨使足球場濕透了。
)
The game was re
scheduled.
(比賽的日期重新安排。
)
可組成:
Rain had soaked the football field;
therefore, the game was rescheduled.
(把上
面兩句獨立句,用
therefore
或
so
連接,成為
compound
sentence
。
)
例
3
They were the last to leave the house.<
/p>
(他們是最後離開房子的。
)
No one
remembered to lock the
door.
(沒有人記得鎖上門。
)
可組成:
They were the last to leave the house,
but no one remembered to lock the door.
p>
(把上面兩句獨立句,用
but
連接,成為
compound
sentence
。
)
例
4
Unlike his friends, Mr. Lee enjoys his
sideline job.
(不像他的朋友,李先生喜歡他的兼職。
< br>)
He likes to work seven days a week.
(他喜歡一星期工作七天。
)
可組成:
Unlike his
friends, Mr. Lee enjoys his sideline job; be-cause
he likes to work seven days a week.
(上面
兩句用
because
或
theref
ore
連接,成為
com-pound sentence
p>
。當然,用不同的連詞,就有不同
的意思。
)
例
5
John will not attend the meeting.
(
John
不去參加開會。
)
Bill will not go to the movie.
(
Bill
不去看電影。
)
可組成:
John will not attend the meeting, nor
will Bill go to the movie.
p>
(用
nor
連接時,要把主詞
Bill
放在助動詞
will
的後面。不說:
nor Bill will
go…
)
例
6
Bob lost his history notes.
(
Bob
遺失歷史筆記。
)
He had to spend
the entire Sunday copying his girl-friend's work..
(他要花整個星期天抄他女友的
功課。
)
可組成:
Bob lost his
history notes; consequently, he had to spend the
entire Sunday copying his
girlfriend's
work.
(以上兩句,用
consequen
tly
連接,成為結合句。
)
例
7
My wife felt
strongly about the need for a trip to California.<
/p>
(內人認為有必要到加州一趟。
)
We held one two years
ago.
(我們兩年前到加州一行。
)
可組成:
My wife felt
strongly about the need for a trip to California;
accordingly, we held one two years ago.
(以上兩句,用
< br>accordingly
連接成為
compound
sentence
。
)
例
8
I made other plans for tonight.
< br>(今晚我有其他事情。
)
I
have already seen that movie.
(我已經看過那部電影
。
)
可組成:
I
made other plans for tonight; besides, I have
already seen that movie.
(這兩句用
besides
連接,意思更能連貫。
)
(
3
)在獨立句中,加上附屬字眼(
subordinating
words
)或關係代名詞(
relative
pronoun
)
,使其變
成附屬子句;再與主要子句連接,成為複合句(
complex
sentence
)
。
最常用的附屬字眼如:
if , as if , as
though , because ,since , as , so that , unless ,
although , while ,
whenever , after ,
before
等。
主要關係代名詞如:
which , who , whose
, whom , that
等。
- 3 -
例
1
My wife served
the
dishes.
(內人在端菜。
)
I entertained the
guests.
(我在招待客人。
)
可組成:
My wife served the dishes,
while I entertained the guests.
(
while I entertained the
guests
成為附屬子句,全句就是複合句,
served
和
entertained
兩個動作,
幾乎同時發生。
)
< br>
例
2
John received a
package in the mail.
(
John
收到一個包裹。
)
He
opened it
quickly.
(他馬上打開。
)
可組成:
When John received a
package in the mail, he opened it quickly.
(
When
John……
是附屬子句;
he
opened……
是獨立子句。
)
例
3
The room was
very
quiet.
(房間很安靜。
)
I still could not concentrate on my wor
k.
(我仍然不能聚精會神的工作。
)
可組成:
Although the room was very
quiet, I still could not concentrate on my work.
p>
(用
although
或
< br>even though
或
though
,變成附屬句。通常較不重要的,成為附屬句。
)
例
4
You are in
doubt about your income
tax.
(你對所得稅有疑問。
)
You may visit the IRS staff for help.
p>
(你可找稅務局人員幫忙。
)
可組成:
When
(
you
are
)
in doubt about your
income tax ,
(
you
may
)
visit……
(如果主要子句和附屬句主詞相同,那麼附屬句中的
verb
to be
可省去:
When in doubt
about……
)
例
5
Vitamin C
tablets may reduce your chance of getting a cold.<
/p>
(維他命
C
丸可能減少感冒機會。
)
They are taken reg
ularly.
(正規地服用。
)
可組成:
Vitamin C tablets,
if
(
they
are
)
taken regularly, may
reduce your chance of getting a cold.
(
在附屬句裡,
they
是指
table
ts
,因兩句主詞相同,可省去
they are
。
雖可放在句
尾,或句首,
但放在句中較好,表示分量較輕。
)
例
6
The murderer admitted his
guilt.
(兇手認罪了。
)
The innocent man was
killed.
(無辜的男子被殺。
)
可組成:
After the innocent man
killed, the murderer admitted his guilt.
(附屬句
after the innocent……
放在句首,表示分量較重;放在句尾,表示分量輕;放在句中不好。
)<
/p>
例
7
Suppose there are no hamburgers.
(假如沒有漢堡。
)
Suppose there are no hot
dogs.
(假如沒有熱狗。
)
Can a picnic really be
fun
?(野餐會有樂趣嗎?)
The picnic is on this Saturday.
< br>(野餐是在本周六。
)
上面四句可組成:
In case there are no
hamburgers and hot dogs, can this Saturday picnic
really be fun?
(在附屬句中,可用
in c
ase
,或
if
,或
< br>in the event that
,意思大致相同。
)
例
8
More colleges
are creating loan plans to aid students from
middle-income families.
(更多的大學制訂貸款計畫給中等
收入家庭的學生。
)
Middle-
income families are not rich enough to pay rising
college costs.
(中等收入的家庭,無能支付大學的昂貴費用。
)
Middle-income
families are not poor enough to qualify for
assistance.
- 4 -
(中等收入家庭,又不是太窮而夠資格申請補助。
)
以上三句,可組成:
Even
though more colleges are creating loan plans to
aid students from middle-income families,(yet)they
are either not rich enough to pay
rising college costs or not poor enough to qualify
for assistance.
(加上
even thou
gh
,變成附屬句;主要子句裡用
either……or
連接。句首的
yet
也可省去。
)
例
9
Many Chinese officials took bribes from
citizens.
(許多中國官員接受百姓的賄賂。
)
They misused the public trust.
(他們濫用了大眾的信任。
)
可組成:
Many Chinese officials,
who took bribes from citizens, misused the public
trust.
(who took bribes from citizens
p>
是附屬句,當形容詞,修飾
officials
。加
comma
表示多數官員。
)
例
10
The man will head the trade delegation.
(這位男子將要率領貿易訪問團。
)
We met him last
week.
(我們上周見過他。
)
可組成:
The man whom we met last
week will head the trade delegation.
(
whom we met last week
就是附屬句,當形容詞,修飾
man
;因為
whom
是動詞
met
的受詞,故用
受格。
)
例
11
The idea
still catches
on.
(這種想法還很流行。
)
Mr. Wang approved of the idea.
(王先生同意這種想法。
)
(
ap
proved of=agreed
)
可組成:
The idea which Mr. Wang
approved of still catches on.
(如果只用
approved
,表示有決定的權力,那麼就可以說:
The idea which Mr. Wang approved
still
catches
on.
)
例
12
The project
turned out successfully.
(這計畫的結果很成功。
)
He worked on the
project for months.
(他在這計畫上花了幾個月。
)
可組成:
The
project on which he worked for months turned out
successfully.
(
on which he
worked for months
是附屬句,
當形容詞,<
/p>
修飾
project
。
< br>on
放在
which
前,
要比放在
worked
後面好。
)
例
13
The customer left this
morning.
(顧客今早離開。
)
His coat had been
stolen.
(他的大衣被偷了。
)
可組成:
The customer whose coat
had been stolen left this morning.
(
whose coat had been stolen<
/p>
是附屬句,修飾
customer
。
p>
)
(
4
)使用同位語(
appositives
)
p>
,不但能減少字數,也可使句中的名詞或代名詞,解釋得更清楚。
例
1
Mr. A used to teach (at the) high schoo
l.
(
A
先生過去在這所高中教書。<
/p>
)
He is our new professor.
(他是我們的新教授。
)
可組成:
Mr. A, our new
professor, used to teach (at the) high school.
(new professor
就是解釋
Mr.
A
。
)
(teach high
school
是指教高中的程度;而
teach at the
high school
是指在某一高中教書。
)
例
2
Many students
in the school play basketball.
(學校裡許多學生打
籃球。
)
Basketball
is a popular sport in China.
(籃球在中國是流行的<
/p>
?/SPAN>
動。
)
< br>
可組成:
Many students in the
school play basketball, a popular sport in China.
也可用子句:
Many students in the
school play basketball which (that) is a popular
sport in China.
(
用
which
或
that
形成附屬句,
修飾
basketball
。
)
例
3
-
5 -