消防科技英语

消防科技英语复习

一、词组英译汉

fire chemistry

火灾化学

fire behavior

火灾特性

fire triangle

火三角

/

燃烧三要 素

breathing apparatus

呼吸器

heating source

热源

CNG

压缩天然气

LPG

液化石油气

ignition point

燃点

static electricity

静电

spontaneous ignition

自燃

diesel engine

柴油机

compressed air

压缩空气

ignition source

点火源

combustible materials

易燃材料，可燃物

heat balance

热平衡

flammable limit

燃烧极限

flash point

闪点

heat transfer

热传递

the incident commander

火场指挥员

fire-resistive construction

耐火结构建筑

fire department

消防部门

fire load

火灾荷载

fire- resistive materials

耐火材料

commercial buildings

商业建筑

wet automatic sprinkler system

湿式自动喷水灭火系统

fire prevention

防火

heating,

ventilation,

and

air-conditioning

system

(HV

AC)

暖通空调系统

fire- suppression system

灭火系统

smoke detection systems

感烟探测系统

complete

automatic- extinguishing

system

全淹没式自动灭< /p>

火系统

dry chemical

干粉灭火剂

elevator shaft

电梯井

command post

火场指挥部

fire classes

火灾分类

dry chemical (dry powder)

干粉

fire extinguisher

灭火器

fire engine

消防车

solid stream

密集水流

turntable ladder

转台云梯

alcohol foam

抗溶泡沫

flare up

骤燃

blanketing effect

覆盖效应

cooling effect

冷却效应

water damage

水渍损失

carbon dioxide extinguisher

二氧化碳灭火器

thermal balance

热平衡

carbon monoxide

一氧化碳

floodlight truck

照明车

aerial ladder truck

云梯车

aerial ladder

云梯

offensive strategy

进攻型战略

the seat of the fire

起火部位

forcible entry

破拆

attached buildings

附属建筑

dispatch center

调度中心

first alarm assignment

第一出动

second alarm

二级火警

additional alarm

求援火灾警报

horizontal fire extension

水平火灾蔓延

defensive strategy

防御型对策

line placement

水带铺设

building collapses

建筑倒塌

construction features

构造特点

firefighting tactics

灭火战术

truck company

登高车中队

firefighting standpoint

灭火的角度

evaluation models

评估模型

the point of origin

起火点

extinguishing agent

灭火剂

flammable liquids

易燃液体

multiple-story buildings

多层建筑

fire doors

防火门

open stairways

敞开楼梯间

fire command

消防指挥

the incident command system

事故（灭火）指挥系统

first alarm

一级火警

multiple alarm

二级火警

pre- fire planning

灭火预案

target hazard

火险重点单位

company commander

中队指挥员

fire hydrant

消火栓

hard and fast rules

固定规定

fire loss

火灾损失

rescue company

救援中队

firefighting operations

灭火作业

engine company

泵浦消防车中队

two-piece company

接警后同时出动两辆消防车的中队

tank companies

油罐车消防中队

tanker companies

水罐车消防中队

response area

灭火责任区

heavy stream appliances

集水射流装备

surface tension

表面张力

friction loss

摩擦损失

wet water

渗透水

slippery water

滑流水

hose stream

消防射流

high- expansion foam

高倍泡沫

low-expansion foams

低倍泡沫

expansion ratio

发泡倍数

proportioning equipment

比例混合器

sticky residue

粘性残渣

submergence time

淹没时间

high- rise buildings

高层建筑

multiple-story building

多层建筑

pike pole

消防钩

staging area

集结待命区

smoke towers

防烟楼梯间

center-core design concept

核心筒设计

economic cost

经济成本

safety engineering

安全工程

portable radio

便携式电台

thermometer

温度计

spark plug

火花塞

endothermic reaction

吸热反应

exothermic reaction

放热反应

building construction

建筑结构

compactor and incinerator shaft

垃圾井和烟道

self-closing device

闭门器

winding stair

螺旋楼梯

havoc reeked

烟熏破坏

fire tenders

消防车（船、艇）

semi- trailer

半拖车

tiller truck

舵盘消防车

quint

五件套

suffocating fire

窒息灭火

saponification effect

皂化反应

overhaul operation

火场清理工作

squad company

抢险救援中队

fire alarm assignment

第一接警出动

mercantile establishments

商用仓库

abnormal colors

异常色

smoldering fire

阴燃

glowing embers

余烬

evaluating extent of fire

评价火灾程度

a charged line

充水水带

engine house

消防站

a single-family dwelling

独户住宅

district chief

（消防）支队长

subjective judgment

主观判断

二、词组汉译英

对流热

heat convection

辐射热

heat radiate

导热（热传导）

heat conduction

闪电

thunder

内燃机

internal- combustion engine

火箭推进系统

propellant system

灭火剂

extinguishing agent

最后的产物

resultant product

交叉电路

crossed circuit

吊顶

drop ceiling

火场指挥部

command post

耐火构造

fire- resistive construction

drive all initiative out of sb.

调动积极性

use one

’

s initiative

发挥主观能动性

worth one

’

s weight in gold

非常有价值

laying and handling of hose lines

铺设水带

priority list

优先救援次序

panic

恐慌

inward- swinging door

向内开的门

hoisting machinery

（电梯）起降设备

in jeopardy

处于危险之中

asphyxiation

窒息

resuscitation measures

急救措施

physical handicaps

身体障碍

fire attack team

灭火突击队

rotary saw

旋转锯

hose pack

水带架

annunciator panel

信号控制盘

log in

登记

pry tool

挖掘工具

helispot

直升机临时升降处

portable spotlight

便携式聚光灯

built-in fire protection aids

固定灭火设施援助

circuit corridors

环形走廊

population density

人员密集度

complete evacuation

全部疏散

tile assembly point

人员集结点

irrational behavior

非理性行为

aggressive attack

主动进攻

relocation of occupants

人员的重新定位

a relay operation

中继方式

logistic support

后勤保障

planning chief

预案指挥员

blaze

火焰

emotional stress

精神压力

structural collapse

结构倒塌

plaster ceiling

石膏吊顶

roof beams

屋顶梁

underground excavations

地下疏散

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

职业安全和健康管理协会

outside venting

外部通风

耐火等级

fire-resistive rating

钢构件包覆

encasement of steel structure

防火分区

fire compartmentalization

自动喷淋系统

automatic sprinkler system

暖通与空调系统

HA

VC(heating ventilation and air-conditioning)

集中供热

central heating

灭火系统

extinguishing system

钢结构

steel structure

钢构件

steel element

登高（消防）车中队

fire truck company

消防中队

fire brigade

二氧化碳灭火器

carbon dioxide extinguisher

消防车

fire engine

云梯车

aerial ladder truck

干粉灭火剂

dry powder/ dry chemical

落地梯子

ground ladder

灭火器

extinguisher

明火

open flame

火场

fire ground

防火墙

fire wall

泵浦车中队

engine company

内部防御措施

interior defensive operation

火体

body of fire

第一次搜索

primary search

小口径水管

handlines

攻击行动

attack operation

灭火战术

firefighting tactics

消防射水

hose streams

冷却效应

cooling effect

建筑倒塌

building collapse

开敞楼房

open stairways

结构特征

construction features

火场指挥员

fireground commander

消防指挥员

fire commander

消防大队长

battalion chief

供水干线

manned line

抢险救援中队

salvage and rescue company

多次火警的火灾

multiple alarm fire

备用水带

back-up hose

渗透水

wet water

油罐消防中队

truck company

燃烧四面体

fire tetrahedron

水罐车消防中队

tanker company

洒水车

manifold truck

集水射流

heavy stream

滑流水

slippery water

清理火场

overhaul operations

破拆

forcible entry

救援工作程序

rescue operation procedure

抢险救援大队

squad company

见习（新）消防员

rookie

经济成本

economic cost

消防员的伤亡

firefighter casualties

遏制火灾

fire containment

风险管理者

risk manager

安全工程师

safety engineer

地下火灾

underground fire

倒塌救援工作

collapse rescue operations

丙烷气体火灾

propane gas fires

三、名词解释

Fire

：

Rapid oxidation accompanied be heat and flame

（

or heat and light

）

.

Fire triangle

（火三角）

：

The combination of three elements(fuel, oxygen and heat) that leads to a fire.

Fire tetrah edron

（燃烧四面体）

：

Fire tetrahedron is a four-sided figure that incorporates the fire triangle and the added feature

of the chain reaction.

Ignition temperatu re

（燃点）

：

The temperature to which a material must be heated in order to burn..

Flammable limit

（燃烧极限）

：

Vapor will burn within certain limits, which can be expressed as a percentage of a vapor/air

mixture.

Flash point

（闪点）

：

The temperature at which a flash will occur across the face of the liquid and go out.

Offensive strategy

（进攻型战略）

：

Offensive strategy is the strategy aimed at confining the fire in the area of origin and the

fire forces are operating inside the building and extinguish the fire.

Defensive strategy

（

防御型战略）

：

Defensive strategy is the strategy in which exposure protection is the priority while the fire

confinement of building is given lesser priority until reinforcement is arrived because of

insufficient manpower and the size of the fire/or the dangers present.

Target

hazard

（火险重点单位）

：

A

target

hazard

might

be

defined

as

an

occupancy

that

constitutes

a

large

collection

of

burnable values or occupancy where the life hazard is severe.

Wet water

（渗透水）

：

Wet water is water to which an additive has been introduced in order to reduce the surface tension of the

water.

Slippery water

（滑流水）

：

Slippery water is water to which an additive has been introduced in order to reduce the friction loss

in hoses.

Backdraft

（回燃）：

A backdraft is an explosion caused by the rapid of fire gases occurring in a burning room that has been

tightly sealed up.

BLEVE

（沸腾液体扩展蒸汽）：

A BLEVE is a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion that occurs when a container of

liquefied petroleum gas ruptures.

Boil-over

（沸溢）：

A boil-over is a sudden eruption of hot oil over the top of a large, burning crude oil storage tank.

Flameover

（窜火）：

A flameover is a flash fire which occurs over the surface of a wall, ceiling, or floor.

Flare-up

（骤燃）：

A flare-up is the sudden explosive flaming of a brush fire caused by a strong wind gust or change in wind

direction.

Flash fire

（急剧燃烧）

：

A flash fire is the sudden rapid ignition and the immediate self-extinguishment of a room filled with a

combustible atmosphere.

Flashover

（轰燃）：

A flashover is defined as the rapid ignition of heated fire gases and smoke that have built up in a burning

room.

Oxidation

（氧化）

：

Oxidation is a chemical process where an atom from one material combines with an atom of oxygen from

another material to form a new product.

Fire point

（燃点）

：

Fire point is the temperature a few degrees above the flash point (usually 2

—

4) at which a flash will occur

above the liquid and the resultant fire will continue.

Hydrophobic reaction

（疏水反应）

：

Hydrophobic reaction is a type of response when mixing two different chemicals carried

separately causes instant ignition, completely eliminating the need for another ignition

source.

Fire-resistive construction

（

耐火建筑）

：

Fire- resistive construction is the construction which consists of walls, columns, beams,

floors and roofs made of non- combustible materials or limited-combustible materials.

Compartmentaliza tion

（防火分区）

：

Compar tmentalization is the small self-contained unit divided in the building by fire wall

or fire door for fire protection.

Fire

extinguisher

（灭火器）

：

Fire

extinguisher

is

an

active

fire

protection

device

to

put

out

the

fire,

often

in

emergency

situations.

Fire engine

（泵浦消防车）

：

Fire engine is a vehicle designed to fight fires by pumping water using an engine and onboard

water supply, which can be replenished via available water sauce by using suction.

Fire

tr uck

（登高消防车）

：

Fire

truck

is

a

vehicle

designed

to

fight

fires

equipped

with

a

mix

of

long

ladders,

additional

firefighting equipment and other emergency gear.

Firefighting strategy

（灭火战术）< /p>

：

Firefighting strategy is a term used in fire ground operations best related to the planning of

operations.

Firefighting tactics

（灭火对策）

：

Firefighting tactics is a term used in fire ground operations best related to the carrying out of

the plan.

The seat of fire

（起火部位）

：

The seat of fire is the hottest part of the fire, usually located at the point of origin.

Rescue operation

（救援行动）

：

Rescue operations not only include the removal of people but the prevention of further injury

and the loss of life at fires.

Search procedures

（ 搜索程序）

：

Search procedures is a priority system for the order in which people should be rescued.

四、句子翻译（汉 译英、英译汉——译法多种，语法正确句意通顺即可！

）

?

汉译英：

（结合看《科技英语概论》

P12

的常用句型

< br>,

考试不会全考原句，但使用到的句型相似！

）

1

、显然，火三角是产生燃烧的必要条件。

It is evident that fire triangle is essential to combustion.

2< /p>

、看来火灾的发生与社会经济发展之间是相互依存，相互作用的。

It seems that fire incidence and social economic development are mutually dependent and interacting.

3

、已经证明，火灾的增加与商品 的物价指数无关。

It has been improved that fire increases are independent of CPI.

4

、直到二十世纪人们才认识到火灾发展的主要机理 。

It was not until the 20

th

century that most of the mechanism of fire development was known ( by people ).

5

、火灾的发展主要可分为初期、全面发 展、衰减等三个阶段。

Fire development can be classified as three phase, i.e. initial, fully-developed and decaying phase.

6

、这种新型阻燃材料可以将轰然的发生时间推迟，大约为易燃材料的五倍。

< br>

This type of new fire-retardant material can delay the beginning of flashover, nearly five times as combustible.

7