英语写作指导-段落展开九法

第三天：段落展开九法

确定了段落中心思想

,

完成了段落的 主题句

,

设计好段落的扩展句之后，

需 要考虑的是怎

样合理、有效地安排句子，组成条理清晰、结构严谨的段落。展开段落的方 法有很多，常用

的有：时间顺序法、空间顺序法、列举法、举例法、对比法、定义法、因 果法、分类法、综

合法等。在今天和明天的课程中我们就来详细地学习。

一、时间法

在叙述一个故 事或者一系列事件时，

通常按事件发生的先后顺序排列句子。

在 说明文中叙述

一件事应该遵循的程序或步骤时，也常用时间顺序法。看下面的例子：

A

friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难见真情。

After lunch, while the other girls were sunbathing, Pat and I returned to the water.

Soon cramps spread from my stomach to my legs. Immobilized by pain and fear, I yelled for help.

My friend thought I was joking: so she ignored me. However, Sister Theresa came to my rescue

when she noticed my plight. She pulled me out of the water and administered resuscitation. When

regaining consciousness, I realized how close I had come to death. My experience with near death

reminds me every day how close we all are to death in our daily lives.

在这个段落里，

作者用了

after lunch; while...; soon; when...

等时间连接语按时间 的先后顺序记

叙了一件发生在午饭后的事。

There are four separate stages in making bread. The first stage begins by mixing yeast with warm

water. This mixture is then added to half the amount of flour. The resultant batter

mixture is then

left for an hour. At the next stage the rest of the flour is added to the risen batter mixture, along

with

salt

and

oil.

The

main

step

in

the second stage

is

a

thorough

kneading

of

the

dough,

after

which it is left to rise. The third stage involves

shaping the dough into loaves; the shaped loaves

are then put into bread tins and left to ?prove? (rise). In the final stage the bread is cooked in a hot

oven. The whole process of bread

?making finishes when the bread is taken from the oven and left

to cool on wire racks.

这个段落采用时间顺序法描述了做面包的的过程。

The first stage begins by..., At the

next stage..., The third stage invol

ves...

和

In the final stage...

等连贯性词语详细地按照先后顺

序介绍了四个步骤。

二、空间法

第

1

页

共

7

页

< /p>

空间顺序指按物体的空间位置（自左至右，由近到远，由上至下，由下到上，由里到外，由

外到里，由中间到两边等顺序）来展开段落。如：

The room was disgusting. By the far window was a trash can piled high with crumpled papers. In

the

middle

of

the

room was

a

gaudy, round size

bed

littered

with

rotting

fruit

peels. The

path

between the bed and the doorway, where I was standing, was choked off by heaps of dirty clothes

and old newspapers.

这个段落以空间顺序法描写了一个房间。

先从描述远处的窗子开始，

接着是房间中央，

最后

到作者所站的地方，由远到近地将房 间里的一切描绘了出来。

Great Britain is an island that lies off the northwest coast of Europe. The nearest country is France

which is 20 miles away from which Great Britain is separated by the English Channel. The island

is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the North Sea to the east. It comprises the

mainland of England, Wales and Scotland. Scotland is

in the North, while Wales is

in the west.

Ireland, which

is also an island, lies off the west coast of Great Britain. It consists of Northern

Ireland and the Irish Republic. Great Britain together with Northern Ireland constitutes the United

Kingdom. Thus, the United

Kingdom

is composed of four parts. The largest of these is England

which is divided

into 43 administrative counties. The capital city is London which is situated in

southeast England.

这个段落主要是采用由外到里的空间顺序法进行描写的。先从外围描 述大不列颠的地理位

置，接着从内部仔细介绍它的各个

组成部分

——

英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士的相对 位置，同

时描述了爱尔兰岛的相对位置，最后作者又特意指出英国首府伦敦的地理位置。

三、列举法

列举法是通过列举具体的细节来进一步说明主题句所表达的主导思想，

展开段落。

列举法如

果使用得当，

能增强文章的说服力 ，

使文章显得条理清楚。

用列举法发展段落时，

主题句常

包含表示数量的词，如：

several, many, some, four

等。列举细节时，可以根据各种内容的相