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朱天龙
121
11.12.29
第一章：运动学
Vector
quantity:
A
quantity that has both magnitude and direction . <
/p>
译文
;
矢量：一个既有大小又有方向的量
Scalar quantity
A quantity that has magnitude, but no
direction.
译文：标量：一个只有大小没有方向的量
Vector
An arrow
drawn to scale used to represent a vector
quantity.
译文：矢：一个标有刻度的箭头去代表矢量
Motion
A change
of position.
译文：运动：位置的改变
Speed
The distance traveled per
time.
译文：速率：单位时间内走过的路程
Velocity
The rate of change position
and the direct of the motion.
译文：速度：沿运动方向位移的变化率
Acceleration
Time rate of velocity
:Acceleration=change in velocity/time it takes for
change.
译文：加速度：速度的变化率，加速度
=
速度的变化量
/
这段时间
< br>
第二章：守恒定律
Force
：
A quantity capable of
producing motion or a change in motion.
译文：力：一个能够产生运动或该变运动的量
Net force
：
The equivalent or resultant
force of two or more force.
译文：合外力：它等价于两个或多个力或者可由其合成
Newton’
s first law of
motion(law of inertia)
：
An object remains at rest
or in uniform motion
with a constant
velocity unless acted upon by a net unbalanced
force.
译文：
牛顿第一定律：
一切物体总保持静止或匀速直线运动知道有不平衡的力迫使他改变为
止。
Inertia
：
the property if
matter that resists change in motion .mass is a
measure of inertia
译文：惯性：它的特性总是抵抗运动的改变，质量是它的量度。
Newton’
s second law of
motion
：
F=ma.
Relates force to
acceleration.
译文：牛顿第二定律：联系力和加速
Friction
：
The force that opposes
relative motion of contacting media.
译文：摩擦力：一个抵抗相接触的物体相对运动的力
Mass
：
The
quantity
of
matter
in
an
object .More
specifically,
it
is
the
measurement
of
the
inertia or sluggishness
that an object exhibits in response to any effort
made to start it ,or change
in any way
its state of motion.
译文：质量：一个蕴含在物体中的量，更
特别的是它是惯性的量度。
Free fall
An object falling with only
gravity
acting on it.
译文：自由落体：只有重力作用下的下落
Power
The time rate of work P=W/t
译文：功率：单位时间内所做的功
Energy :
The property of a
system that enables it to do work.
译文：能量：它的特性是系统能够对外做功。
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朱天龙
121
11.12.29
第四章
：
general
information
普通信息
Temperature:
A
measure of the
average kinetic energy per molecule in a
substance, measure
in a degrees Celsius
or Fahrenheit or in Kelvins
译文：温度：度量物质平
均分子动能，可以用摄氏或华氏或开氏度来度量。
Absolute zero:
The lowest possible temperature that a
substance may have
—
the
temperature at
which molecules of a
substance have their minimum kinetic energy.
译文：绝对零度：物质的最小可能温度，这个温度下物质的分子动能最小。
Heat:
The
energy
that
flows
from
a
substance
of
higher
temperature
to
a
substance
of
lower
temperature .
commonly
measured in calories or joules .
译文：热：一个从高温物体流向低温物体的能量。通常用卡路里或者焦耳来度量。
Internal:
The
total
of
all
molecular
energies,
kinetic
plus
potential
energy,
internal
to
a
substance.
译文：内能
:
物质中所有的分子能，动能，势能的总和。
第五章
statistical
phycisc
统计物理
Adiabatic
process:
A
process, usually of expansion or compression
，
wherein no heat enters or
leaves a system
译文：绝热过程：一个在膨
胀或压缩中没有热量进入也没有热量流出的过程。
Heat
engine :
A device that changes internal
energy to mechanical work.
译文：热机：一个能将内能转化为机械功的装置。
Entropy
：
A
measure of the disorder of
a system. whenever energy freely transform from
one
form to another, the direction of
transformation is toward a state of greater
disorder and therefore
toward one of
greater entropy
译文：
度量系统混乱程度的
量。
每当能量从一种形式自发的转换为另一种形式，
它总是朝着
更混乱形式的方向，因此也就是向着熵更大的方向。
第六章：光的干涉
Huygens
principle :
The theory by which light waves
spreading out from a point source can
be regarded as the superposition of
tiny secondary wavelets.
译文：惠更斯原理：这个理论认
为：从点光源发出的光波可以看作是各个微小此波的叠加。
Interference :
The superposition of waves producing
regions of reinforcement and regions of
cancellation. Constructive interference
refers to regions of reinforcement; Destructive
interference
refers to regions of
cancellation.
译文：
干涉：这个光波的叠加产
生区域性的加强与区域性的减弱，
构造干涉导致加强，
破坏
干涉导致消失。
第七章：光的衍射
Diffraction:
The
bending of light around an obstacle or through a
narrow slit in such a way that
fringes
of light and dark or colored bands are produced .
译文：
衍射：
弯曲的光线在障碍物的附
近抑或让其通过一个狭缝，
这样在边缘就会产生明暗
相间的或者
彩色的条纹。
Polarization
：
The alignment
of the electric vectors that make up
electromagnetic radiation. Such
waves
of aligned vibrations are said to be polarized.
译文：偏振：
Hologram
:
A
two
—
dimensional
microscopic
diffraction
pattern
that
shoes
three-dimensional
optical images.
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