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篇章阅读理解专项扫雷训练
Part
Ⅳ
Reading Comprehension (Reading in
Depth)
Section B
Direction:
There
are
2
passages
in
this
section,
each
passage
is
followed
by
some
question
or
unfinished statements. For each of them
there are four choices marked A), B), C), D).You
should
decide on the best choice and
mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2
with a single line
through the centre.
Passage 1
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the
following passage.
While
still in its early stages, welfare reform has
already been judged a great success in
many states
—
at least in getting people off welfare.
It‘s estimated that more than 2 million people
have left the rolls since 1994.
In the past four years, welfare rolls
in Athens Country have been cut in half. But 70
percent
of the people who left in the
past two years took jobs that paid less than $$6 an
hour. The result:
The
Athens
Country
poverty
rate
still
remains
at
more
than
30
percent
—
twice
the
national
average.
For
advocates(
代言人
)for the poor,
that
‘
s an indication much
more needs to be done.
―More people are getting jobs, but it‘s
not making their lives any
better,‖ says Kathy Lairn,
a
policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy
Priorities in Washington.
A
center
analysis
of
US
Census
data
nationwide
found
that
between
1995
and
1996,
a
greater
percentage of single, female-headed households
were earning money on their own, but that
average income for these households
actually went down.
But
for
many,
the
fact
that
poor
people
are
able
to
support
themselves
almost
as
well
without government aid as they did with
it is in itself a huge victory.
“
Welfare
was
a
poison.
It
was
a
toxin(
毒素
)that
was
poisoning
the
family,‖
says
Robert
Rector,
a
welfare-
reform
policy
analyst.
―The
reform
is
changing
the
moral
climates
in
low-
income communities. It‘s
beginning to
rebuild the work
ethic(
道德观
), which is much
more
important.
”
Mr.
Rector
and
others
argued
that
once
―the
habit
of
dependency
is
cracked,‖
then
the
country can make other
policy changes aimed at improving living
standards.
57.
From the passage, it can be seen that the author
_______.
A. believes the reform has
reduced the government‘s burden
B. insists that welfare reform is doing
little good for the poor
C. is
overenthusiastic about the success of welfare
reform
D. considers welfare reform to
be fundamentally successful
58
. Why aren‘t people
enjoying better lives when they have
jobs?
A. Because many
families are divorced.
B. Because
government aid is now rare.
C. Because
their wages are low.
D. Because the
cost of living is rising.
59. What is
worth noting from the example of Athens County is
that
_______.
A.
greater efforts should be made to improve people‘s
living standards
B. 70
percent of the people there have been employed for
two years
C. 50 percent of the
population no longer relies on welfare
D. the living standards of most people
are going down
60. From the
passage we know that welfare reform aims at
_______.
A. saving welfare funds
B. rebuilding the work ethic
C. providing more jobs
D.
cutting government expenses
61. According to the passage before the
welfare reform was carried out, _______.
A. the poverty rate was lower
B. average living standards
were higher
C. the average worker was
paid higher wages
D. the poor used to
rely on government aid
Passage 2
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the
following passage.
Today,
there
are
many
avenues
open
to
those
who
wish
to
continue
their
education.
However, nearly
all require some break in one's career in order to
attend school full time.
Part-time
education, that is, attending school at night or
for one weekend a month, tends to
drag
the process out over time and puts the completion
of a degree program out of reach of many
people.
Additionally,
such
programs
require
a
fixed
time
commitment
which
can
also
impact
negatively on one‘s
career and family time.
Of
the many approaches to teaching and learning,
however, perhaps the most flexible and
accommodating is that called distance
learning. Distance learning is an educational
method, which
allows the students the
flexibility to study at his or her own pace to
achieve the academic goals,
which
are
so
necessary
in
today‘s
world.
The
time
required
to
study
many
be
set
aside
at
the
student‘s
convenience
with
due
regard
to
all
life‘s
other
requirements.
Additional
ly,
the
student
may enroll in
distance learning courses from virtually any place
in the world, while continuing to
pursue
their
chosen
career.
Tutorial
assistance
may
be
available
via
regular
airmail,
telephone,
facsimile machine, teleconferencing and
over the Internet.
Good distance
learning programs are characterized by the
inclusion of a subject evaluation
tool
with every subject. This precludes the requirement
for a student to travel away from home to
take a test. Another characteristic of
a good distance-learning program is the
equivalence of the
distance-learning
course with the same subject materials as those
students taking the course on the
home
campus. The resultant diploma or degree should
also be the same whether distance learning
or on-campus study is employed. The
individuality of the professor/student
relationship is another
characteristic
of a good distance-learning program. In the final
analysis, a good distance learning
program has a place not only for the
individual students but also the corporation or
business that
wants
to
work
in
partnership
with
their
employees
for
the
educational
benefit,
professional
development,
and business growth of the organization.
Sponsoring distance learning programs for
their
employees
gives
the
business
the
advantage
of
retaining
career-minded
people
while
contributing to their personal and
professional growth through education.
62.
According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
is
NOT
a
disadvantage
of
part
time
education?
A. It requires
some break in one's career.
B. It tends to last too long for many
people to complete a degree program.
C.
It affects one's career.
D .It gives
the student less time to share with the family.
63. Which of the following
is NOT an advantage of distance learning?
A. The student may choose his or her
own pace.
B. The student may study at
any time to his or her convenience.
C.
They can pursue their chosen career while
studying.
D. Their tutorial assistance
comes through regular airmail, telephone,
facsimile machine, etc.
64.
What benefit will distance learning program bring
to a business?
A. Recruitment of more
talented people.
B. Good image of the
business.
C. Better cooperation with
universities.
D. Further training of
employees and business growth.
65. Good distance learning program have
the following characteristic EXCEPT________ .
A. distance learning course is the same
as students taking courses in campus
B.
the result diploma or degree should be same as on
campus study
C. professor-student
relationship is strictly one to one all through
the course
D. includes subject
evaluation tool
66. What
benefit will distance learning bring to an
employee of a business?
A. Professional
growth.
B. Good relationship with the
employer.
C. Good impression on the
employer.
D. Higher salary.
Passage 3
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the
following passage.
More and
more, the operations of our businesses,
governments, and financial institutions
are controlled by information that
exists only inside computer memories. Anyone
clever enough to
modify this
information for his own purposes can reap
substantial rewards. Even worse, a number
of
people
who
have
done
this
and
been
caught
at
it
have
managed
to
get
away
without
punishment.
It‘s easy for
computer crimes to go undetected if no
on
e checks up on what the computer
is doing, but even if the crime is
detected, the criminal may walk away not only
unpunished but
with a glowing
recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on
crimes that go undetected. But it‘
s
disturbing to note
how
many
of
the
crimes
we
do
know
about
were
detected
by
accident,
not
by
systematic
inspections or
other security procedures. The computer criminals
who have been caught may have
been the
victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For
example, a certain keypunch operator complained of
having to stay overtime to punch
extra
cards.
Investigation
revealed
that
the
extra
cards
she
was
being
asked
to
punch
were
for
dishonest transactions.
In another case, dissatisfied employees of the
thief tipped off the company
that was
being robbed.
Unlike
other
lawbreakers,
who
must
leave
the
country,
commit
suicide,
or
go
to
jail,
computer criminals
sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only
that they not be charged
but
that
they
be
given
good
recommendations
and
perhaps
other
benefits.
All
too
often,
their
demands have been
met.
?
Why?
Because company executives are afraid of the bad
publicity that would result if the
public found out that their computer
had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of
a criminal
boasting in open court of
how he juggled the most confidential records right
under the noses of the
company's
executives, accountants, and security staff. And
so another computer criminal departs
with just the recommendations he needs
to continue his crimes
elsewhere.
?
57. It can be concluded from the
passage that ____________.
A. it is
still impossible to detect computer crimes today
B. computer crimes are the one of most
serious problem in the operation of financial
institutions
C. computer criminals can
escape punishment because they can't be detected
D. people commit computer crimes at the
request of their company
58. It is implied in the third
paragraph that _____________.
A. many more computer crimes go
undetected than are discovered
B. the
rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome
problem
C. most computer criminals are
smart enough to cover up their crimes
D. most computer criminals who are
caught blame their bad luck
59. Which
of the following is mentioned in the passage?
A. A strict law against computer crimes
must be enforced.
B. Companies need to
impose restrictions on confidential information.
C. Companies will guard against
computer crimes to protect their reputation.
D. Companies usually hesitate to
uncover computer crimes.
60. The
underlying reason for the computer criminals to
get recommendations he needs is that__.
A. they have skills formidably
difficult for others to master
B. the
employers are afraid that they would take avenge
if punished
C. the employers are much
afraid of bringing the public into disbelief
towards them through the
criminals
words in open court
D. those who commit
crimes do not mean bad
61.
What may happen to computer criminals once they
are caught?
A. With bad reputation they
can hardly find another job.
B. They
will be denied access to confidential records.
C. They may walk away and easily find
another job.
D. They must leave the
country or go to jail.
Passage 4
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the
following passage
.
―
Tea
r
‘
em
apart!
‖
―
Kill the
fool!
‖
―
Murder the referee (
裁判
)!
‖
These are
common remarks one may hear at various sporting
events. At the time they are
made,
they
may
seem
innocent
enough.
But
let
‘
s
not
kid
ourselves.
They
have
been
known
to
influence behavior in
such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes
have been written about
the way word
affect us. It has been shown that words having
certain connotations
（含义）
may
cause us to react in ways quite foreign
to what we consider to be our usual humanistic
behavior. I
see the term
“
opponent
”
as one of those words .Perhaps the time
has come to delete it from
sports
terms.
The
dictionary
meaning
of
the
term
―opponent‖
is
―adversary‖
;
―enemy‖;
―one
who
opposes your interests.‖ Thus, when a
player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to
treat that
oppon
ent as an
enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one‘s
intellect, and every action, no
matter
how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall
an incident in a handball game when a
referee refused a player‘s request for
a time out for a glove change
because
he did not considered
then wet enough.
The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his
wet T-shirt and then exclaimed.
―Are
they wet enough
now?
‖
.
In
the
heat
of
battle,
players
have
been
observed
to
throw
themselves
across
the
court
without
considering the consequences that such a move
might have on anyone in their way. I have
also
witnessed a player
reacting to his opponent‘s international
and
illegal blocking by deliberately
hitting him with the ball as hard as he
could during the course of play. Off the court,
they are good
friends. Does that make
any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court
attitude which departs from
normal
behavior.
Therefore, I believe it is time we
elevated (
提升
)the game to the
level where it belongs,
thereby set
ting an example
to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the
term ―opponent‖
with
―associate‖
could
be
an
ideal
way
to
start
.
The
dictionary
meaning
of
the
term
―associate‖
is
―colleague‖; ―friend‖ ―companion.‖
Reflect a moment!
You may soon see and
possibly feel the
difference in your
reaction to the term ―associate‖ rather than
―opponent.‖
62
. Which of the following
statements best expresses the author‘s
view?
A.
Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious
consequences
B. The words people use
can influence their behavior
C.
Unpleasant words in sports are often used by
foreign athletes
D. Unfair judgments by
referees will lead to violence on the sports field
63. Harsh words are spoken
during games because the players _______.
A. are too eager to win
B. are usually short-tempered and
easily offended
C. cannot afford to be
polite in fierce competition
D. treat
their rivals as enemies
64.
What did the handball player do when he was not
allowed a time out to change his gloves?
A. He refused to continue the game
B. He angrily hit the referee with a
ball
C. He claimed that the
referee was unfair
D. He
wet his gloves by across his T-shirt
65. According to the passage, players,
in a game, may _______.
A. deliberately
throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their
way
B. keep on screaming and shouting
throughout the game
C. lie down on the
ground as an act of protest
D. kick the
ball across the court with force
66. The author hopes to have the
current situation in sports improved by ______.
A. calling on players to use on the
court
B. raising the referee‘s sense of
responsibility
C. changing
the attitude of players on the sports field
D. regulating the relationship between
players and referees
Passage 5
Question 57 to 61 are based
on the following passage.
Brazil has become one of the developing
world‘s great successes at
reducing
population
growth
—
but
more
by
accident
than
design.
While
countries
such
as
India
have
made
joint
efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil
has had better result without really trying, says
George Martine
at Harvard.
Brazil‘s population growth rate has
dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to
1.93%
a
year
between
1981
and
1990,
and
Brazilian
women
now
have
only
2.7
children
on
average.
Martine
says
this
figure
may
have
fallen
still
further
since
1990,
an
achievement
that
makes it the envy of many other Third
World countries.
Martine
puts
it
down
to,
among
other
things,
soap
operas
(
通俗电视连续剧
)
and
installment
(
分期付款
) plans introduced in
the 1970s. Both played an important, although
indirect,
role in lowering the birth
rate. Brazil is one of the world‘s biggest
producers of soap operas. Globl,
Brazil‘s
most
popular
television
network,
sho
ws
three
hours
of
soaps
six
nights
a
week,
while
three others show at least one hour a
night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters
living the
high life in big cities.
―Although
they
have
never
really
tried
to
work
in
a
misusage
towards
the
problems
o
f
reproduction, they describe middle and
upper class values
—
not many
children, different attitudes
towards
sex, women
working,‖ says
Martine.
―They sent this
image to all parts of Brazil
and made
people
conscious
of
other
patterns
of
behavior
and
other
values,
which
were
put
into
a
very
attractive package.‖
Meanwhile, the installment plans tried
to encourage the poor to become consumers.
―This
led to an enormous
change in consumption patterns and consumption was
incompatible (
不相容的
)
with unlimited
reproduc
tion‖
, says Martine.
57. According to the
passage, Brazil has cut back its population
growth_______.
A. by educating its
citizens
B. by careful family
panning
C. by developing TV programmes
D. by chance
58. According to the
passage, many Third World countries_______.
A. haven‘t attached much
importance to birth control
B. would soon join Brazil in
controlling their birth rate
C. haven‘t
yet found an effective measure to control their
population
D. neglected the
role of TV plays in family planning
59
. The phrase ―puts it down
to‖ (Line 1, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to
―_______‖
.
A. attributes it
to
B. sums it up
as
C. finds it a reason for
D. compares it to
60. Soap operas have helped
in lowering Braz
il‘s birth
rate
because_______.
A. they keep people sitting long hours
watching TV
B. they have gradually
changed people‘s way of life
C. people are drawn to package
D. they popularize birth control
measures
61
.
What is Martine‘s conclusion about
Brazil‘
s population growth?
A. The increase in birth rate will
promote consumption.
B. The desire for
consumption helps to reduce birth rate.
C. Consumption patterns and
reproduction patterns are contradictory.
D. A country‘s production is limited by
its population growth.
Passage 6
Questions 62 to
66 are based on the following passage.
Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic
National Wildlife Refuge
(
保护区
) (ANWR) to help
secure America
‘
s
energy future ? President Bush certainly thinks
so. He has argued that tapping
ANWR‘s
oil
would
help
ease
California‘s
electricity
crisis
and
provide
a
major
boost
to
the
country‘s energy
independence. But no one knows
for sure
how much crude oil lies buried beneath
the frozen earth with the last
government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting
output anywhere
from 3 billion to 16
billion barrels.
The oil industry goes
with the high end of the range, which could equal
as much as 10% of
U.S. consumption for
as long as six years. By pumping more than 1
million barrels a day from the
reserve
for
the
next
two
three
decades,
lobbyists
claim,
the
nation
could
cut
back
on
imports
equivalent to all shipments to the U.S.
from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would
also
mean
a
multibillion-dollar
windfall(
意外之财
)in
tax
revenues,
roy
alties(
开采权使用费
)and
leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal
Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling
say, damage
to the environment would be
insi
gnificant. ―We‘ve never had a
document case of oil rig chasing
deer
out onto the pack ice.‖ says Alaska
State Representative Scott Ogan.
Not so
far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low
end of government estimates, the
National
Resources
Defense
Council
says
there
may
be
no
more
than
3.2
billion
barrels
of
economically recoverable oil in the
coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that
would do
virtually nothing to ease
America‘s energy problems. And consumers would
wait up to a decade to
gain
any
benefits,
because
drilling
could
begin
only
after
much
bargaining
over
leases,
environmental
permits
and
regulatory
review.
As
for
ANWR‘s
impact
on
the
California
power
crisis,
environmentalists
point
out
that
oil
is
responsible
for
only
1%
of
the
Golden
State‘s
electricity output
–
and just 3% of
the nation‘s.
62. What does President Bush think of
tapping oil in ANWR?
A. It will exhaust
the nation‘s oil reserves.
B. It will help secure the future of
ANWR.
C. It will help reduce the
nation‘s oil imports
D. It
will increase America‘s energy
consumption
63.
We learn from the second paragraph that the
American oil industry _______.
A.
believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will
produce high yields
B. tends to
exaggerate America‘s reliance on foreign
oil
C. shows little interest
in tapping oil in ANWR
D. expects to
stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia
64. Those against oil drilling in ANWR
argue that _________.
A. it can cause
serious damage to the environment
B. it
can do little to solve U.S. energy problems
C. it will drain the oil reserves in
the Alaskan region
D. it will not have
much commercial value
65
. What do the
environmentalists mean by saying ―Not so fast‖
(Line1, Para .3)?
A. Oil
exploitation takes a long time
B. The
oil drilling should be delayed
C. Don‘t
be too optimistic
D. Don‘t
expect fast returns
66
. It can be learned from
the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR‘s
frozen earth ______.
A.
remains a controversial issue
B. is
expected to get under way soon
C.
involves a lot of technological problems
D. will enable the U.S. to be oil
independent
Passage 7
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the
following passage.
Television, or TV
, the
modern wonder of electronics, brings the world
into your own home
in sight and sound.
The name television
comes from the
Greek word tele, meaning ―far‖,and the
Latin word videre, meaning ―to see‖.
Thus, television means ―seeing far‖. Sometimes
television is
referred to as video,
from a Latin word meaning ―I see‖. In Great
Britain, the popular word for
te
levision is ―telly‖.
Television
works
in
much
the
same
way
as
radio.
In
radio,
sound
is
changed
in
to
electromagnetic waves which are sent
through the air.
In TV
, both
sound and light are changed
into
electromagnetic
waves.
Experiments
leading
to
modern
television
took
place
more
than
a
hundred
years
ago.
By
the
1920s,
inventors
and
researchers
had
turned
the
early
theories
into
working models. Yet it
took another thirty years for TV to become an
industry.
As
an
industry,
TV
provides
jobs
for
hundreds
of
thousands
who
make
TV
sets
and
broadcasting
equipment.
It
also
provides
work
for
actors,
technicians,
and
others
who
put
on
programs.
Many
large schools and universities have
―closed—circuit‖ television
equipment
that
will telecast lectures and
demonstrations to hundreds of students in
different classrooms; and the
lecture
can
be
video
taped
to
be
kept
for
later
use.
Some
hospitals
use
TV
to
allow
medical
students to get close-up view of
operations. In 1946, after World War II, TV began
to burst upon
the American scene with a
speed unforeseen even by the most optimistic
leaders of the industry.
The novelty of
seeing TV pictures in the home caught the publics
fancy and began a revolution in
the
world
of
entertainment.
By
1950,
television
had
grown
into
a
major
part
of
show
business.
Many film and stage stars began to
perform on TV as television audiences increased.
Stations that
once telecast for only a
few hours a day sometimes telecast around the
clock in the 1960s.
57
. ―… others who put on
programs. ‖means that ____.
A) people get on their clothes with
programs printed on
B)
people prepare and present the programs on TV
C) people like the programs
D) people acted in the TV
programs
58.
“?
to allow
medical students to get close up view of
operations ‖ suggests ____.
A) the students can have view of
operations with enlarged details
B) the students can operate through TV
C) the students were
allowed to learn operations
D) TV is being used by students
59
. ―… TV began
to burst upon the American, ‖ indicates that ____.
A) in 1946 TV sets exploded
in American families
B) TV
may injure people
C) TV
suddenly became available to many American
families
D) TV was very
popular in 1946
60
. ― TV pictures in the
home caught the public s fancy, …‖
tells us
____.
A) TV pictures are better than movies
B) TV pictures can be seen
at home
C) TV pictures can
hurt people s eyes
D) TV
pictures had aroused people s interests
61
. ―… sometimes
telecast around the clock in the 1960s. ‖ means
____.
A) TV telecast used to have a round
clock
B) people watch TV
with around clock nearby
C)
TV telecast 24 hours a day in the 1960s
D) TV was on show everyday
?
Passage 8
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the
following passage.
In
the
debates
about
how
a
particular
piece
of
land
is
to
be
used,
the
priorities
often
conflict. What should you do, for
example, if you find out that under the fertile
fields of a there is
a thick bed of
coal which can be strip mined? Strip mining rips
up top soil and vegetation. But
mining
may create jobs, bring money to the towns
businesses. Those who approve of strip mining
say that the coal is needed, and they
point out that it is quicker and cheaper to get
coal from the
surface than to go deep
into the earth to get it by standard mining
techniques. On the other hand, it
takes
nature
500
years
to
create
an
inch
of
top
soil.
As
the
countryside
fills
up,
people
are
becoming more need for open space.
Nearly every proposal for a new power plant,
highway, or
airport
draws
fierce
opposition.
Everyone
wants
the
big,
land-
eating
―uglies‖
to
be
in
someone
else‘s backyard. Minneapolis and ,
Minnesota, for example, have been debating about
the
site of a future airport for years.
Yet if a new airport is needed, it will have to go
somewhere.
How do we find
our way out of the land-used problem? One way
might be to reexamine
our
values,
to
think
in
new
directions.
Does
everyone
have
to
have
a
car
with
its
need
for
highways and parking
lots? What about developing mass transit systems
that use less land? Do
suburbs have to
sprawl? Can they be designed so they use less
space? Do we have to have more
energy?
If we do, do we really have to strip-mine coal to
provide it?
However
difficult they may be to arrive at, choices will
have to be made if we want to
preserve
the beauty and usefulness of the land. For there
is at least one point on which all of us
can agree: The land does have its
limits.
62
. The word ―priorities‖ in
the sentence means ____.
A)
the various needs
B) the most important goal
C) the number one necessity
D) the first thing to be
considered
63
.
―… , people are becoming more
need for open space. ‖ tells us that
____.