-
B8-U1
词汇学习
1. distinction
n.
差别；区分；卓著
make/
draw a distinction between A and B
对
……
加以区分
without distinction
无差别地；一视同仁地
with <
/p>
distinction
以优异的成绩
,
以杰出的表
现
gain/obtain/win distinction
出名
There
is
a
fine
distinction
betw
een
the
two
words.
这两个字之间
有细微
区别
。
We should
make a distinction
between
right
and
wrong.
我们应该分清是非。
We
must
make
a
distinction
between
freedom
and
license.
我们必须把自由和放纵区分开来。
Michael graduated
with distinction
from the
university.
迈克尔
以优
异的成绩
从大学毕业了。
He passed the examination
with distinction
.
他
以优异成绩
通过考试。
Employers
should
hire
men
and
women
without
distinction
.
雇主用人应不分男女。
distinct adj.
清晰的；明显的；明确的
be
distinct in ...from ...
在某方面与
……
不同
Mozart's
style
is quite distinct from
Haydn's.
莫扎特在风格上与海顿
< br>截然不同
。
There
was a
distinct
sense of
embarrassment
in the air.
周
围的气氛中有一种
明显的
局促不安的感
觉。
She
is
trying
to
remain
calm,
but
there
is
a
distinct
edge to her voice.
她竭力想保持冷静，
但她的声音中却
显
然
带
着怒气。
2. live
on
继续活着
,
继续存在；
住在
…
上；
以
…
为食
1.
She
lived
on
for
many
years
after
her
husband died.
丈夫死后她
继续活
了多年。
2. These traditions will
live
on
for centuries.
这些传统将世代
相传
.
3. The composer's works
will always
live
on
.
这位作曲家的作品将永远
留在人间
.
4. The people find it hard
to
live
on
.
民不聊生
.
5. Most mammals
live
on
land.
大多数哺乳动物
生活在
陆地
上
.
6. Most of
Asians
live
on
rice.
多数亚洲人
以
大米
为主食
.
7. The lonely
old man
lives on
charity.
8. Mozart is dead but his
music
lives on
.
[
短语归纳
]
live
短语：
live on
sth
以某物为食
,
靠某种经济来源
生活
live by doing
sth
靠做某事物为生
live for
sth
以某事物为生活目标
live through sth
经历某事物而幸存
live
together
在一起生活；同居
live up to sth
依照某事物行事；
表现出符合某事物的标准
live
with sth
接受或容忍某现象
live to be... =
live to the age of...
活到
……
岁
live a... life
过着
……
的
生活
3.
means
n
．手段；方法
(
单复数同形
)
①
Every
possible means
has
been
tried
，
but
none
worked.
＝
All
possible
means
have
been
tried
，
but
none worked.
各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有
一种奏
效。
by this
means
通过这种方式
by means of
用
……
办法；借助
…
…
by all means
一定，务必；好的，当然可以
by
every means
用尽一切可能的办法
by no means
决不，<
/p>
一点也不
（位于句首时，
句子用部分倒装
）
by any mean
无论如何
As
is
known
to
us
，
telephone
is
a
useful
means
of
communication.
众所周知，电话是一种有用的通讯工具。
In many places in
China
，
the bicycle is
still
a
popular
means
of transportation.
在中国的许多地方，
自行车仍然是一种受欢
迎
的交通工具。
Every
possible
means
has
been
used
to
prevent the air
pollution
，
but the sky is
still
not very clear.
为防止空气污
染，
每种可能的方法都已用过
了，但天空仍然不清澈。
(1)by means of
借用，依靠
We express
our feelings
by means of
words
.
我们用语言来表达感情。
The
actress rose to fame overnight
by means
of
her perfect performance
in the film.
(2)by no
means
＝
not at all
一
点
……
也不
By no means
am I satisfied
with my present
job.
我对目前的工作一点也不满意。
This is
by no
means
a good way to solve the
problem.
这
绝非
解决问题的良计。
(3)by this
means
通过这种方式
You
can do it
by this means
.
你可以用这种办法去做。
(4)by all means
可以，当然行，务必
—
May I use your bicycle?
—
By all
means
！
我可以用你的自行车吗？
当然可以！
1
．
But by no means
_____ with my progress.
A
．
the teacher is
not satisfied
B
．
is the teacher
not satisfied
C
．
the teacher is
satisfied
D
．
is
the teacher satisfied
2
．
The
police
looked
into
the
case
carefully
and
found
the
thief
had
entered
the
house
________ a ladder.
A
．
by the means
B
．
by all means
C
．
by ways of
D
．
by means of
3
．
She
couldn’t speak
，
but made her
wishes
known ________ sign.
A
．
by means of
B
．
by any means
C
．
by all means
D
．
by no means
—
Do
you
think
we
should
put
an
ad
in
the
paper for the lost child?
—<
/p>
Yes
，
________.
A
．
that’s all
right
B
．
by all means
C
．
it just depends
D
．
never mind
4.
in addition
adv.
另外；
除此之外；
并且；
况且
?
In
addition,
相当于副词。
①位于两个句子中间，放在从句的句首，后
面接完整的句子。
This garden has the best collection of
native
plants.
In
addition
,
it
contains
numerous
trees and flowers from overseas.
这座花园有当地植物的最佳珍藏。另外，它
< br>还有无数来自海外的花草树木。
?
许多词可以和它替换，如：
additionally
，
further
more
，
besides
。
②
In
addition
位于句末，相当于
“
as well”
Aunt Mary gave us sandwiches for our
picnic
and a bag of cookies
in addition.
玛丽舅母
为我们去郊游准备了三明治，
另外
还准备了一袋甜饼。
When
Diane
fell,
she
hurt
her
arm
and
,
in
addition
, broke her glasses.
黛安妮摔倒时
,
摔伤了胳臂
,
还
摔坏了眼镜
.
You
need
money
and
time,
in
addition
,
you
need diligence.
你需要金钱和时间，
此外
你还需要努力
。
In
addition to
整个词组相当于一个
介词
，所以
to
的
后面要接
名词性成分
做宾语。
In addition to
native plants, this garden contains
numerous trees and flowers from
overseas.
除了
当地的植
物之外，这座花园
还有
无数来自海外的
花草树木。
In addition
to
the killed and wounded,
many
were missing.
< br>除了
伤亡之外，
还有
许多人失踪
。
In
China,
both
late
marriages
and
late
childbirth are
advocated,
in
addition
to
fewer
and better births.
在中国
,
晚婚晚育和少生优生均受到提倡鼓
励
.
5. majority
n
．大多数；大半
major
adj.
&
n.
较大的，
主要的；<
/p>
主修，
专攻
(
反义词
minority
少数；少数民族
)
be in the/a majority
构成大部分
/
大多数
have a majority over sb
获得超过对方的票数
A
/
The
majority
of
doctors
agree
that
smoking is extremely
harmful to health.
大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。
Obama
had a majority over
Mitt Romney and
won the
election.
奥巴马得票多于米特罗姆尼，
获得大选的
胜
利。
The
majority
of students find it quite hard
to
live on the amount of money they
get.
大多数学生认为靠他们挣得钱生活很难。
The
majority
of
students
were
in
favour
of
the
suggestion
that
they
go
out
for
a
picnic
the next
day.
He won the
seat
with a majority
of 71
votes.
他
以
71
票
的优势
赢得了该席位。
(1)
单独用做主语，
谓语动词用单数
、
复数均
可。
The majority
was/were
in favour of banning
smoking.
大多数人支持禁烟。
The
majority
were/was
against the plan.
大多数人反对这个计划。
(2)
单独用做主语，如果后面的表语是复数，
那么谓语动词也用复数。<
/p>
The
majority
who
attended
the
meeting
yesterday
are
students.
昨天参
加会议的
大多数是
学生。
The majority
of
the damage
is
easy to repair.
这次的损失大部分容易补救。
②
In the nursing
profession
，
women
are in a
/the majority.
女性在护理行业中
占大多数
。
< br>
1
．
Don’t worry
about the present situation in
the
world
；
________of
people
prefer
peace
to war.
A
．
the most
B
．
the great part
C
．
the majority
D
．
the number
2.
Among
the
members
of
the
committee
those
who
are
in
favour
of
the
plan
are
______________________(
占大多数
)
．
in a/the
majority
6.
keep
up
坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、
传统等；使某人不能去睡觉
3. We should
keep up
our good traditions.
我们应该
沿袭
我们的优良传统。
4). We should
try
to
keep up
(
沿袭
)
our old
customs.
7. make a
life
习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
come to
life
变得更有趣；变得活跃
live/lead a
．
..lif
e
过着
……
生活
come back to
life
苏醒过来，恢复生机
bring...back to life
使
……
苏醒过来
make/start a new
life
开始新生活
make a
living by
靠
……
谋生
①
Some people from the
country find it hard
to
make
a life
in big cities.
一些来自农村的人发现很难
习惯大城市的
生活
。
②
They
moved
out
West
to
make
a
new
life
there. <
/p>
他们迁往西部去
开始新生活
。
③
The young men in the
rural areas have to
leave for big
cities to
make a life
.
④
The
old
couple
made
a
living
by
selling
vegetables.
这对老夫妇靠卖菜
< br>维持生活
。
5
．
Soldiers
who
fought
all
the
way
to
the
faraway places couldn’t
come back
，
and they
had to ________a life on the foreign
lands.
A
．
make
B
．
come
C
．
bring
D
．
lay
despite
prep.
尽管；不管
n.
憎恨；轻视
Despite
old age,
she is still learning to drive.
尽管
年事已高
,
她还在学开车。
Despite
all our
efforts we still lost the game.
尽管
我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了
比赛。
Despite
the drought
，
we
expect a good crop
．
尽管天旱，丰收依然在望。
She
ignored
all
despites
and carried
on with
her
dreams.
她不在乎别人的<
/p>
轻视
,
继续追逐自己的梦想。
In spite
of
the bad weather, we went
fishing.
我们
不顾
恶劣的天
气而去钓鱼。
In
spite
of
our
advice,
he
married
above
himself.
他
不顾
我们的劝告，
同比自己地位高的人结
了婚。
Despite
用作介词时，
与
in spite
of
同义，
都
表示
“
尽管
”
、
“
虽然
”
、
“
不顾
”
之意，但程度
有所不同。
一般说来，
in
spite
of
的语气较强，使用范
围也较广；
despite
的语气较弱，多用于诗
歌或正式的文体中。
Despite
与
(al)though
都有
“
尽管
”
的意思，<
/p>
despite
是介词
，
后接名
词或代词；而
although=though
是连词
，后
接表示让步的状语从句。例
如：
I think he is
sad
,
despite
his smiles.
尽管
他在微笑，我认为他很悲伤。
We went
for a
walk
although/though
it
was
raining.
尽管
下雨，我们还是去散步了。
Bravely
though
they
fought,
they
had
no
chance of
winning.
虽然
他们打得很勇
敢，但还是没有机会获
胜。
establish
vt.
建立，
创建；
确立
或使安全；
使被安排好；
使成为
;
查实，证实；
The
School
was
established
in
1989
by
an
Italian professor.
这所学院由一名意大
利教授于
1989
年
创建
。
We had already
established contact with
the
museum.
我们已经和那家博物馆
建立了联系
。
establish
a leadership
position
确立
领导地位
establish
a good way of life
创立
优秀的生活方式
establish
a small working
group
成立
小型工作组
Medical
tests
established
that
she
was
not
their own child.
医学化验
证实
她不是他们的亲骨肉。
It
will
be
essential
to
establish
how
the
money is being spent.
查清楚
这笔钱将作何用途至关重要。
8.
occur
vi.
A.
存在
B.
发生
C.
被想
到
(1)Earthquakes
occur
frequently in this
area.
(2)
It
didn't
occur
to
him
that
she
would
refuse
his invitation.
(3)Do
giraffes
occur
in Africa
only?
sth. occurs to sb.
某人想起某事
It occurs
to sb. that…
某人想起
……
It occurs to sb. to do sth.
某人想起做某事
表示
“
某人突然想起
……”
的其他
句型
：
sth. strikes
sb.
It strikes sb. that…
It crosses sb.'s mind that…
sth. comes to sb.…
I
was
going
along
the
street
looking
for
a
place to park when the accident
occurred.
我正沿街寻找停车点时，突然发生了事故。
Just then an idea
occurred
to me
.
就在那时，我想起了一个主意。
It
occurred
to
her
that
she
might
adopt
the
homeless child.
她突然想
< br>她可能会收养那个无家可归的孩
子。
It didn’t occur to her
to
ask for help.
她没想到
请别人帮忙。
Then
a
practical
idea
hit
/
struck
/
occurred
to
her!
那时他
突然想到
一个切合实际的主意！
It suddenly
struck me
how we could improve
the situation.
我一下子明白
我们如何改善局面了。
It suddenly occurred to me
that we could use
a computer to do the
job.
我突然想到
我们可以用计算机来做这项工
作。
—
Why are you so late?
—
I was in half the way when
it ______ to me
that I had left my
notebook home
，
so I had to
fetch it.
A
．
occurred
B
．
hit
C
．
happened
D
．
reminded
It
suddenly
to
the
detective
that
the
millionaire
was
probably
murdered
by
his
own daughter.
A.
happened
B.
occurred
C. thought
D.
took place
An
accident
did,
however,
_______
at
the
street
corner last night.
A. occur
B. take place
C.
happened
D.
broke out
9.
indicate
vt
.
指出
,
指明，表明；象征；
指示
,
显示
,
暗示，预示；
1.
I
asked
him
where
my
sister
was
and
he
indicated
the shop opposite.
我问他我姐姐在哪，他
指了指
对面的商
店。
2. The clouds
indicate
the coming of rain.
云彩
预示着
即将下雨了。
3. His hesitation
indicates
unwillingness.
他
的犹豫
表明
不愿意。
4. Research
indicates
that
men find it
easier
to give up smoking than women.
< br>研究
显示
男人觉得比女人更容易戒烟。
< br>
5
．
A
high
fever
indicates
(
表
明
)
that
a
p
erson’s body is fighting
disease.
indication
n
.
指出
/
示；表明
/<
/p>
示；迹象
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