TruncusArteriosus共同动脉干

2021年2月10日发(作者：珠饰)

Truncus Arteriosus

共同动脉干

What is truncus arteriosus?

什 么是共同动

脉干？

Truncus arteriosus is a congenital (present

at birth) defect that occurs due to abnormal

development of the fetal heart during the

first 8 weeks of pregnancy. The heart

begins as a hollow tube, and the chambers,

valves, and great arteries develop

click image to enlarge

throughout the first 8 weeks of pregnancy.

The aorta and pulmonary artery start as a single blood vessel, which

eventually divides and becomes two separate arteries. Truncus

arteriosus occurs when the single great vessel fails to separate

completely, leaving a connection between the aorta and pulmonary

artery.

共同动脉干是一种先天性 心脏病

(

出生时即有的

)

是由于在妊娠的

头

8

周里胎 儿心脏发育异常造成的。

心脏开始是一个中空管，

并且心腔、< /p>

瓣膜、

和大血管的发育贯穿这妊娠的头

8

周。

主动脉和肺动脉在开始时

是一个血 管，以后分隔成两个动脉。当这个大血管没有完全分开时，在

主动脉和肺动脉之间留下连 接处。

Truncus arteriosis is a complex defect where there is a single

(normally there are two separate arteries) vessel arising from the

heart that forms the aorta and pulmonary artery. Another congenital

heart defect that occurs with truncus arteriosus is a ventricular septal

defect (ventricular septum, or dividing wall between the two lower

chambers of the heart known as the right and left ventricles).

共同动脉

干是一种复杂的缺陷，一个单一的血管从心脏发出，< /p>

（正常时是两个互

相分开的动脉）

。

与共同动脉干相伴的另外的心脏缺损是心室间隔缺损。

Normally, there are two separate arteries

(the aorta and the pulmonary artery.

Oxygen-poor (blue) blood returns to the

right atrium from the body, travels to the

right ventricle, then is pumped through the

pulmonary artery into the lungs where it

receives oxygen. Oxygen-rich (red) blood

returns to the left atrium from the lungs,

passes into the left ventricle, and then is

pumped through the aorta out to the body.

正常时，这儿是两个互相分开的动脉（主动

click image to enlarge

< p>
脉和肺动脉。静脉血（兰）从全身回到右心房，进入右心室，然后泵出

经肺 动脉进入肺，在这里吸收氧。动脉血（红）从肺里回到左心房，进

入左心室，然后泵出经 主动脉到达全身）。

In truncus arteriosus, oxygen-poor (blue) and oxygen-rich (red) blood

mix back and forth through the ventricular septal defect. This mixed

blood then flows through the common truncal vessel. Some of it will

flow through the branch that becomes the pulmonary artery and on to

the lungs, and some of the mixed blood will go into the aortic branch

and continue to the body. The mixed blood that goes to the body does

not have as much oxygen as normal, and will cause varying degrees

of cyanosis (blue color of the skin, lips, and nailbeds).

在共同动脉干 的

病例，贫氧血（兰）和富氧血（红）经过室间隔缺损来回的混合，然后

这混合的血液经过这共同的血管，

一部分进入成为肺动脉的分支到达肺

里，

而另一部分则进入主动脉的分支继续流到全身。混合的血没有带上< /p>

正常的那么多的氧到达全身，

就会引起不同程度的紫绀。

（皮肤、

口唇、

和甲床呈蓝色）

Truncus arteriosus occurs in less than one out of every 10,000 live

births. It makes up 1 percent of all cases of congenital heart disease.

共同动脉干 的发生在每一万新生儿中少于一个。

在所有的先天性心脏病

中达

1

％。

What causes truncus arteriosus?

什么引起共同动脉干？

Some congenital heart defects may have a genetic link, either

occurring due to a defect in a gene, a chromosome abnormality, or

environmental exposure, causing heart problems to occur more often

in certain families. Other times this heart defect occurs sporadically

(by chance), with no clear reason for its development.

某些先天性心脏

< p>
病可能带有遗传链接，由于基因缺陷，染色体异常，或环境暴露，任何

一项 引起心脏问题较常发生在某些家庭。

其他情况下，

心脏病的发生 是

偶然的，对于它的发展没有明确的原因。

Why is truncus arteriosus a concern?

为什么关注共同动脉干？

The blood that passes through the common truncal vessel has a

lower oxygen content than normal. Oxygen-poor (blue) blood from the

right ventricle and oxygen-rich (red) blood from the left ventricle mix

together before entering the common vessel. Some of this mixed

blood will go into the aorta and on to the body, producing cyanosis

(blue color of the skin, lips, and nailbeds).

通过共同动脉的血流的含氧

量较 正常的低。在进入共同血管之前，来自右心室的贫氧血（兰）和来

自左心室的富氧血（红 ）混合在一起。这混合血的一部分进入主动脉供

应全身，产生紫绀（皮肤、口唇、和甲床 呈蓝色）。

The pulmonary artery section of the common vessel gets more blood

flow than the aorta does, because the pressure is lower in the lungs

than the body and it is easier for blood to travel in that direction. If not

repaired, the blood vessels in the lungs become damaged by the

extra blood flow. As the pressure in the blood vessels in the lungs

becomes higher, less blood goes to the lungs and more goes to the

body. Cyanosis becomes worse as blood with lower amounts of

oxygen travels to the body.

这共同血管的肺动脉部分得到比主动脉多

的血液，因为肺的压力比全身的压力低，所 以血液容易流入。如果不矫

治，肺内的血管就会被过多的血流损伤。随着肺内血管的压力 增高，到

肺的血减少而到全身的血增加。随着到全身的血液携带的氧量的减少，

紫绀变得更严重。

What are the symptoms of truncus arteriosus?TA

有什么症侯群？

The following are the most common symptoms of truncus arteriosus.

However, each child may experience symptoms differently.

Symptoms may incl ude:

以下是

TA

最常见的症侯群。 然而，每一个患

儿可能经历的症侯群有所不同。症候群可能包括：

cyanosis

紫绀

fatigue

疲劳

sweating

多汗

pale skin

cool skin

皮肤凉

rapid breathing

呼吸急促

heavy breathing

呼吸沉重

rapid heart rate

快心律

congested breathing

disinterest in feeding, or tiring while feeding

食欲差，

或喂食的 时

候易疲劳

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

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poor weight gain

体重增加缓慢

The symptoms of truncus arteriosus may resemble other medical

conditions or heart problems. Always consult your child's physician for

a diagnosis.

共同 动脉干的症候群可能与其它疾病或心脏问题相似。为

了诊断总要请教你孩子的医生。

How is truncus arteriosus diagnosed?

怎样诊断共同动脉干？

Your child's physician may have heard a heart murmur during a

physical examination, and referred your child to a pediatric

cardiologist for a diagnosis. A heart murmur is simply a noise caused

by the turbulence of blood flowing through the heart defects.

Symptoms your child exhibits will also help with the diagno sis.

在查体

时你孩子的医生可能听到心脏杂音，

< p>
并把你孩子交付给一位小儿心脏病

专家以明确诊断。

心脏杂音是血流从左心室到升主动脉通过狭窄的主动

脉瓣口时产生的湍流引起的噪音。

你孩子表现出来的症状对于诊断也有

帮助。

A pediatric cardiologist specializes in the diagnosis and medical

management of congenital heart defects, as well as heart problems

that may develop later in childhood. The cardiologist will perform a

physical examination, listening to the heart and lungs, and make other

observations that help in the diagnosis. The location within the chest

that the murmur is heard best, as well as the loudness and quality of

the murmur (harsh, blowing, etc.) will give the cardiologist an initial

idea of which heart problem your child may have. However, other

tests are needed to help with the diagnosis, and may include the

followin g:

一位儿童心脏病专家专门研究先天性心脏病的诊断和医疗方

法，和随后心脏问题在儿童期可能的发展。心脏专家将进行体检，听诊

你的孩子的心和肺 ，

作一些有助于诊断的观测。在胸部杂音听得最清楚

的位置，以 及杂音的响度和性质（粗糙的，吹风样的，等等）对于你的

孩子可能患有什么样的心脏问 题，

将给心脏专家一个初步的意向。

然而，

有助于诊断的其他的一些检查也是需要的，可能包括以下的检查：

?

chest x-ray

- a diagnostic test which uses invisible

electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal

tissues, bones, and organs onto film.

胸部

X

线检查：

用一种看不

见的电磁波 投射在胶片上产生内部组织，骨骼，和脏器的影像的

诊断性的检查。

?

electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

- a test that records the

electrical activity of the heart, shows abnormal rhythms

(arrhythmias or dysrhythmias), and detects heart muscle stress.

心电图（

ECG

或

E KG)

：一种记录心脏电活动的测试，可以显示

不正常的心律< /p>

（

arrhythmias

或

< p>
dysrhythmias),

还可以发现心肌损

害。

?

echocardiogram (echo)

- a procedure that evaluates the

structure and function of the heart by using sound waves

recorded on an electronic sensor that produce a moving picture

of the heart and heart valves.

超声心动图（

echo )

：一种通过把

超声波记录在电子传感器上再转换成心脏和心脏 瓣膜的活动影像

来评价心脏的结构和功能的方法。

?

cardiac catheterization

- a cardiac catheterization is an

invasive procedure that gives very detailed information about

the structures inside the heart. Under sedation, a small, thin,

flexible tube (catheter) is inserted into a blood vessel in the

groin, and guided to the inside of the heart. Blood pressure and

oxygen measurements are taken in the four chambers of the

heart, as well as the pulmonary artery and aorta. Contrast dye

is also injected to more clearly visualize the structures inside

the heart.

心导管检查：心导管检查 是一种侵入性的检查，它能够

提供关于心内结构的很详细的信息。在镇静状态下，一条细 小，

壁薄，柔软的管子（心导管）在腹股沟部位插入血管，并且引导

进入心内。在心脏的四个腔里以及肺动脉和主动脉里分别测量血

压和血氧。也可以注 入造影剂以便于更清楚的观察心内的结构。

Treatment for truncus arteriosus:

共同动脉干的治疗：

Specific treatment for truncus arteriosus will be determined by your

child's physician based on:

共 同动脉干的特殊治疗将由你孩子的医生

根据以下几点作出决定：

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

your child's age, overall health, and medical history

extent of the condition

your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or

therapies

expectations for the course of the condition

your opinion or preference

你孩子的年龄，全面的健康情况，和病史。

病的程度。

你的孩子对于特殊的药物，手术，或其他治疗的耐受性。

疾病过程的预后。

你的意见或选择。

Truncus arteriosus must be treated by surgical repair of the defects.

However, medical support may be necessary until the best time for

the operation to take place. Treatment may include:

共同动脉干只有进

行外科手术治疗

.

然而

,

药物支持治疗直到施行手术的最佳时机以 前都是

必要的

,

medical management

医疗管理

Many children will eventually need to take medications to help

the heart and lungs work better. Medication that may be

?