-
1988
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
试题
1
1
988
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I
Structure and
Vocabulary
In each question, decide
which of the four choices given will most suitably
complete
the
sentence
if
inserted
at
the
place
marked.
Put
your
choices
in
the
ANSWER
SHEET. (15 points)
EXAMPLE:
I was caught ________ the rain
yesterday.
[A] in
[B] by
[C] with
[D] at
ANSWER: [A]
1.
I
didn
’
t buy the apples; she
gave them to me ________ nothing.
[A]
with
[B] as
[C]
for
[D] by
2.
It
’
s ________ my
power to make final decision on the matter.
[A] off
[B] outside
[C] above
[D]
beyond
3.
I should say Henry
is not ________ much a writer as a reporter.
[A] that
[B] so
[C] this
[D] as
4.
I
won
’
t pay 20 for the coat;
it
’
s not worth ________.
[A] all that much
[B] that
much all
[C] that all much
[D] much all that
1988
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
2
5.
He didn
’
t go into
detail on the subject; he spoke ________.
[A] in common
[B] in general
[C] in particular
[D] in short
6.
It
’
s true that
the old road is less direct and a bit longer. We
won
’
t take the new
one, ________, because we
don
’
t feel as safe on it.
[A] somehow
[B] though
[C] therefore
[D]
otherwise
7.
When you are
about through the story ________, try to make a
guess how the
plot will develop.
[A] half
[B] midway
[C] halfway
[D]
one-half
8.
Though
already
a
teenager,
Peter
still
finds
it
hard
to
________
his
favorite
toys.
[A] part off
[B] part with
[C] part
away
[D] part from
9.
Strenuous
efforts
have
been
made
to
________
government
expenses
to
a
desirable
level.
[A] cut down
[B] cut
short
[C] cut out
[D] cut off
10.
When at a party, be sure not to
________ from the person who tries to engage
you in conversation.
[A]
turn down
[B] turn away
[C]
turn off
[D]
turn back
1988
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语试题
3
11.
The
survival
________
of
some
wild
animals
is
not
very
high
as
they
are
ruthlessly hunted for their skins.
[A] rate
[B] degree
[C] ratio
[D]
scale
12.
He was ________
admittance to the theatre for not being properly
dressed.
[A] denied
[B]
rejected
[C] repelled
[D] deprived
13.
When I ask you a question, I expect a
________ answer.
[A] punctual
[B] fast
[C]
rapid
[D] prompt
14.
If a man is legally
separated from his wife, is he still ________ for
her debts?
[A] answerable
[B] chargeable
[C]
recoverable
[D] payable
15.
At the meeting, Roland
argued ________ in favor of the proposal.
[A] severely
[B] heavily
[C] forcefully
[D] warmly
Section II
Reading Comprehension
Each
of the three passages below is followed by some
questions. For each question
there
are
four
answers.
Read
the
passages
carefully
and
chose
the
best
answer
to
each of
the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER
SHEET. (20 points)
Text 1
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/p>
1988
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
4
It
doesn
’
t come as a surprise
to you to realize that it makes no difference what
you
read
or
study
if
you
can
’
t
remember
it.
You
just
waste
your
valuable
time.
Maybe
you
have
already
discovered
some
clever
ways
to
keep
yourself
from
forgetting.
One dependable aid that does help you
remember what you study is to have a
specific purpose or reason for reading.
You remember better what you read when you
know why you
’
re
reading.
Why does a clerk in a store go
away and leave you when your reply to her offer
to help
is,
“
No, thank
you.
I
’
m just
looking
”
? Both
you and she know
that
if
you
aren
’
t sure what
you want, you are not likely to find it. But
suppose you say instead,
“
Yes, thank
you.
I want a pair of sun
glasses.”
She says,
“Right
this way,
please.”
And you
and she are off -- both eager to look for exactly
what you want.
It
’
s
quite
the
same
with
your
studying.
If
you
chose
a
book
at
random,
“
just
looking
”
for
nothing in particular, you are likely to get just
that -- nothing. But if you
do know
what you want, and if you have the right book, you
are almost sure to get it.
Your
reasons
will
vary;
they
will
include
reading
or
studying
“
to
find
out
more
about
”
,
“
to understand the reasons
for
”
,
“
to find out
how
”
. A good student has a
clear
purpose or reason for what he is
doing.
This
is
the
way
it
works.
Before
you
start
to
study,
you
say
to
yourself
something like
this,
“
I want to know why
Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write
about America.
I
’
m reading this article to
find out.
”
Or,
“
I
’
m
going to skim this story
to
see
what
life
was
like
in
medieval
England.”
Because
you
know
why
you
are
reading
or
studying,
you
relate
the
information
to
your
purpose
and
remember
it
better.
Reading is not one
single activity. At least two important processes
go on at the
same time. As
you read,
you take in ideas
rapidly
and accurately.
But
at
the same
time you express
your own ideas to yourself as you react to what
you read. You have
a
kind
of
mental
conversation
with
the
author.
If
you
expressed
your
ideas
orally,
they might sound
like this:
“Yes,
I agree. That
’
s
my opinion
too.”
or
“Ummmm,
I
thought
that record was broken much earlier.
I
’
d better check those
dates,
”
or
“But
there are
some other facts to be
considered!”
You
don
’
t just sit there taking
in ideas
-- you do something else, and
that something else is very important.
This additional process of thinking
about what you read includes evaluating it,
relating it to what
you
already know, and using it for your own
purposes. In other
words, a
good
reader
is
a
critical
reader. One part of
critical
reading,
as
you
have
discovered,
is
distinguishing
between
facts
and
opinions.
Facts
can
be
checked
by
evidence. Opinions are
one
’
s own personal
reactions.
Another part of critical
reading is judging sources. Still another part is
drawing
accurate inferences.
16.
If you cannot remember
what you read or study, ________.
[A]
it is no surprise
1988
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
5
[B] it means
you have not really learned anything
[C] it means you have not chosen the
right book
[D] you realize
it is of no importance
17.
Before you start reading, it is
important ________.
[A] to make sure
why you are reading
[B] to relate the
information to your purpose
[C] to
remember what you read
[D]
to choose an interesting book
18.
Reading activity involves ________.
[A] only two simultaneous processes
[B] primarily learning about ideas and
evaluating them critically
[C] merely
distinguishing between facts and
opinions
[D] mainly drawing
accurate inferences
19.
A
good reader is one who ________.
[A]
relates what he reads to his own knowledge about
the subject matter
[B] does lots of
thinking in his reading
[C] takes a
critical attitude in his reading
[D] is able to check the facts
presented against what he has already known
Text 2
If you live in a
large city, you are quite familiar with some of
the problems of
noise, but because of
some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware
of the extent
of
its
influence
on
human
behavior.
Although
everyone
more
or
less
knows
what
noise
is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not
hear, it is perhaps best to define it
more
precisely
for
scientific
purposes.
One
such
definition
is
that
noise
is
sounds
that
are
unrelated
to
the
task
at
hand.
Thus
stimuli
that
at
one
time
might
be
considered relevant will
at another time be considered noise, depending on
what one
is doing at the moment. In
recent years there has been a great deal of
interest in the
effects
of
noise
on
human
behavior,
and
concepts
such
as
“noise
pollution”
have
arisen, together with movements to
reduce noise.
Exposure
to
loud
noises
can
definitely
produce
a
partial
or
complete
loss
of
hearing,
depending
on
the
intensity,
duration,
and
frequency
composition
of
the
noise.
Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working
in factories and around jet
aircraft,
driving
farm
tractors,
and
working
(or
sitting)
in
music
halls
where
rock
bands are playing. In general,
continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels
(a
measure
of
the
loudness
of
sound)
can
be
considered
dangerous.
Decibel
values
correspond to various sounds. Sounds
above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is
1988
年全国硕士研究生入学统一
考试英语试题
6
for
a
sufficient
period
of
time,
produce
significant
hearing
loss.
Actual
loss
will
depend
upon
the
particular
frequencies
to
which
one
is
exposed,
and
whether
the
sound
is continuous or intermittent.
Noise
can have unexpected harmful effects on performance
of certain kinds of
tasks, for
instance, if one is performing a watch keeping
task that requires vigilance,
in which
he is responsible for detecting weak signals of
some kind (e.g., watching a
radar
screen for the appearance of aircraft).
Communicating with other people is
unfavorably affected by noise. If you have
ridden
in
the
rear
of
a
jet
transport,
you
may
have
noticed
that
it
was
difficult
to
carry
on
a
conversation
at
first,
and
that,
eventually,
you
adjusted
the
loudness
of
your
speech to compensate for the effect. The problem
is noise.
20.
Noise differs
from sound in that ________.
[A] it is
sounds that interfere with the task being done
[B] it is a special type of loud sound
[C] it is usually unavoidable in big
cities
[D] it can be defined
more precisely than the latter
21.
One of the harmful effects of noise on
human performance is that ________.
[A]
it reduces one
’
s sensitivity
[B] it renders the victim helpless
[C] it deprives one of the enjoyment of
music
[D] it drowns out
conversations at worksites
22.
The purpose of this passage is
________.
[A] to define the effects of
noise on human behavior
[B] to warn
people of the danger of noise pollution
[C] to give advice as to how to prevent
hearing loss
[D] to tell the
difference between noise and sound
Text
3
The
traditional
belief
that
a
woman
’
s
place
is
in
the
home
and
that
a
woman
ought
not
to
go
out
to
work
can
hardly
be
reasonably
maintained
in
present
conditions. It is
said that it is a woman
’
s
task to care for the children, but families
today
tend
to
be
small
and
with
a
year
or
two
between
children.
Thus
a
woman
’
s
whole
period
of
childbearing
may
occur
within
five
years.
Furthermore,
with
compulsory education
from the age of five or six her role as chief
educator of her
children soon ceases.
Thus, even if we agree that a woman should stay at
home to
look after her children before
they are of school age, for many women, this
period
would extend only for about ten
years.
1988
年全国硕士
研究生入学统一考试英语试题
7
It
might
be
argued
that
the
house-proud
woman
would
still
find
plenty
to
do
about the home. That may be so, but it
is certainly no longer necessary for a woman
to spend her whole life cooking,
cleaning, mending and sewing. Washing machines
take the drudgery out of laundry, the
latest models being entirely automatic and able
to
wash
and
dry
a
large
quantity
of
clothes
in
a
few
minutes.
Refrigerators
have
made
it
possible
to
store
food
for
long
periods
and
many
pre-
cooked
foods
are
obtainable in tins. Shopping, instead
of being a daily task, can be completed in one
day a week. The new man-made fibers are
more hardwiring than natural fibers and
greatly reduce mending, while good
ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.
Apart
from
women
’
s
own
happiness,
the
needs
of
the
community
must
be
considered. Modern society cannot do
well without the contribution that women can
make in professions and other kinds of
work. There is a serious shortage of nurses
and
teachers,
to
mention
only
two
of
the
occupations
followed
by
women.
It
is
extremely
wasteful
to
give
years
of
training
at
public
expense
only
to
have
the
qualified
teacher
or
nurse
marry
after
a
year
or
two
and
be
lost
forever
to
her
profession.
The
training,
it
is
true,
will
help
her
in
duties
as
a
mother,
but
if
she
continued
to
work,
her
service
would
be
more
widely
useful.
Many
factories
and
shops,
too,
are
largely
staffed
by
women,
many
of
them
married.
While
here
the
question
of training is not so important, industry and
trade would be seriously short
of staff
if married women did not work.
23.
The author holds that ________.
[A]
the
right
place
for
all
women,
married
or
otherwise,
is
the
home,
not
elsewhere
[B] all married
women should have some occupation outside the home
[C] a married woman should give first
priority to her duties as a mother
[D] it is desirable for uneducated
married women to stay at home and take care
of the family
24.
A house-proud woman ________.
[A] would devote her whole life to her
family
[B] would take her own happiness
and that of her family as her chief concern
[C] would still need some special
training at public expense to help her in her
duties as a housewife
[D]
would take full advantage of modern household
appliances
25.
According to
the author, modern society ________.
[A] can operate just as well even
without women participation
[B]
has
been
greatly
hampered
in
its
development
by
the
shortage
of
women
nurses and women
teachers
[C] cannot operate properly
without the contribution of women