-
Qusetions 6-9 are based on the following
passages.
Passage 1
Liars may betray themselves through
linguistic
mistakes,but the
main sources of betrayal are the emotions.
Emotion reveals itself, sometimes in
contradictory ways,
in voice, body and
ions typically involve
line
trying to
conceal feelings that are inappropriate or trying
5
cover up the fear, guilt,
and distress that may be provoked
when one attempts to get away with a
lie. When a person
lies and
has an emotional investment in the situation, a
perfect performance is hard
to carry off. Nonverbal clues
to deception leak out. What is
surprising is that few people
10
make use of
these clues and thus liars go undetected.
Passage 2
Human beings are terrible lie
detectors. In studies,
subjects asked to distinguish truth
from lies answer
correctly
approximately half the time. People are often
led astray by an erroneous
sense of how a liar hehaves.
15
“
People hold a
stereotype of the liar
–
as
tormented,
anxious, and
conscience-stricken,
”
researchers Bella
DePaulo
and Charles Bond write. Clumsy deceivers
are sometimes visibly
agitated, but in general there is no
such thing as
“
ty
pical
”
deceptive behavior.
As DePaulo
20
says,
“
To be a
good liar, you don
?
t need to
know what
behaviors really
separate liars from truthtellers, but
what behaviors people think separaate
them.
”
6. Which best describes the
relationship between the passage?
(A) Passage 1 discusses lying from a
moral stance, whereas Passage 2 examines it from a
legal
viewpoint.
(B) Passage 1 views lying as a skill
that is learned, whereas Passage 2 considers it an
instinctive
impulse.
(C) Passage 1 claims that lying is
characterized by certain distinctive behaviors,
whereas Passage
2 largely rejects that
notion.
(D)
Passage
1
takes
a
scientific
approach
to
lying,
whereas
Passage
2
discusses
it
from
an
anecdotal perspective.
(E) Passage 1 focuses on
the effects of lying, whereas Passage 2 examines
its causes.
7.
Lines
1-2,
Passage
1(
“
Liars
may
…
emotions
”
),
and
lines
18-20,
Passage
2(
“
Clumsy
…
behavior
”
), both
contain instances of
(A)
Simile
8. The author
of Passage 2 would most likely describe the claim
about
“
fear, guilt, and
distress
”
(lines
6, Passage 1) as a
(A)
conventional but inaccurate perception
(B) plausible theory that may prove to
be correct
(C)
misconception of little significance
(D) nonstandard view that is based on
faulty science
(E)
widespread and well-substantiated belief
9. Lines
20-23(
“
As
…
them
”
)suggest that Bella
DePaulo would most likely maintain that Passage
1
(A) overlooks
the behavior patterns of those who tell the truth
(B) presents the very misconceptions
that people often have about liars
(C) offers a perceptive psychological
analysis of liars
?
deceptive
behaviors
(D) takes a overly
sympathetic view of deceptive behavior
(E) overemphasizes the role of
linguistic patterns in lying
(B) paradox
(C) euphemism
(D)
qualification
(E) understatement
Questions 16-24 are based on the
following passage.
This
passage is adaptes from the autobiographical
cacount of a journalist traveling through Africa
to reseach chimpanzees.
Our walk
through the forest was like a journey through
an extended underground
cavern.. We wound through
obscure passages, out into small
openings or great rooms,
and then tunneled back into winding
passageways. Toward
line
the end of
the afternoon, we followed what seemed to be a
large movement of
chimpanzees into one great open room
in the forest, relatively clear except
for columns of nut
trees.
Soon about a dozen chimps were hammering away,
using log hammers on log or
root anvils.
We
had entered a factory
, but it was also
a nursery. I
turned to watch a mother
playing with infant, tickling
his toes with playful little nibbles
and then looking into
his
laughing face and eyes with the most amazing gaze
of adoration. Elsewhere,
three adult females had situated
themselves in a tree and were kissing
and tickling an infant,
who writhed
with apparent pleasure. Suddenly, their faces,
which had taken on
remarkable glowing expressions of
adoration, registered in my mind as
entirely
comprehensible, I
was looking at intelligent faces
experiencing an emotin I could only
imagine to be love.
One
commentator has said that the big difference
between humans and chimps
(intelligent though those
apes may be ) is that humans can invent
great wonders
of
technology.
“
I considered
the difference between
men
and animals,
”
this person
wrote.
“
Some were vast.
A
chimpanzee could be taught
to drive a car. It could
even be taught to bulid parts of it.
But it could not begin
to
design it
…
. Our intellect
is incomparably more
sophisticated than [ that of ] any
animals.
”
One hears this
sort of argument often,
and, to my mind, it is mere
self-stroking
puffery. Could you or I begin to design a
car? Has any single human
actually designed a cars? Could
any one person abandoned at birth on a
desert island
somewhere
–
without pictures,
communication, education,
or artifacts
–
even invent a tricycle or a child
?
s kite or a
mousetrap?
Obviously not. Left at birth on a desert island,
you and I and that
commentator would be lifting and
dropping chunks of wood or rounded
stones onto hard
nuts
–
and be glad we figured
that one out.
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
The great accomplishment of Hemo
sapiens is not
40
Technology, which has become bigger and
scarier than
we are, a
mixed blessing. The great accomplishment is
language, which has enabled
us to accumulate and
coordinate our achievements, insights,
and minicreations.
Our big
technologies are collective efforts, cultural
45
Products, all and always made possible
by language.
Even the
supposed
“
milestones
< br>”
of technological
Advancement
–
the
use of movable type, to take one
example
–
were
collective events. Johannes Gutenberg*
didn
?
t think up
movable type whole, in an isolated stroke
50
of genius. His partner was a goldsmith,
his father was a
mint
employee, entirely familiar with soft metals.
Printing
presses were all
around Europe by then.
Gutenberg
?
s great
genius was to assemble,
revise, and modify already
long
–
established traditions in metallurgy,
goldsmithing,
55
and woodblock printing, not to mention
papermaking and
press
design.
Our one
great accomplishment is language, but our great
hope is the internal
compass that may enable us to guide
ourselves and our technological powers
into the future: our
60
glowing capacity for valuing our own
kind and for at least
some
empathy beyond our kind. The hand lifting and
dropping the stone is less
impressive than the eye that gazes
with
love.
*Gutenberg
?
s
typesetting process made the mass production of
text possible.
16. It can
be inferred that the
“
chimps
”
mentioned in line 8 are
(A) using simple tools to
crack open nuts
(B) expressing
themselves by making a lot of noise
(C)
taaking out their aggressions on the nut trees
(D) working cooperatively on different
tasks
(E) mimicking the work habits of
human beings
17. The author
uses the word
“
factory
”
(line 10) primarily to suggest
that
(A) some chimpanzees
live a highly regimented life
(B) the
sound created by the
chimpanzees
?
activity is
loud enough to impair hearing
(C) the
chimoanzees are doing productive work collectively
(D) only those chimpanzees who want to
participate in communal activities do so
(E) the activity of the
male chimpanzees differs significantly from that
of the females
18. In lines
30-31 (
“
it
…
puffery
”
), the author
characterizes the
commentaor
?
s argument as
(A) useless flattery
(B) exaggerated self-regard
(C) witty repartee
(D) self-
conscious hyperbole
(E) deliberate
distortion
19. The
questions in lines 31-36 serve primarily to
(A) suggest
ideas for further research
(B) provide
an example fo missing data
(C) point to
an alternative explanation
(D) debate
whether knowledge is incomplete
(E)
imply that an argument is flawed
20. In lines
40-42(
“
The great
…
blessing
”
), the auther
characterizes technology as
(A) the accomplishment that
distinguishes Homo sapiens from chimpanzees
(B) a phenomenon that has come to
overshadow those who developed it
(C)
an inevitable step in the development of human
beings and their socienties
(D) an achievement that has grown
impressively in importance over time
(E) a force that is ultimately shaped
by the fears of those who created it
21.
According
to
the
author,
the
“
great
accomplishment
is
language
”
(lines
42-43)
because
it
allows human beings to
(A)
combine small, individual advances into something
larger and moer powerful
(B) express
their emotions and show their feeling toward one
another
(C) work with each other so
that dangerous conflicts can be avoided
(D) express in concrete form notions
that would otherwise seem vague and abstract
(E) demonstrate that they are more
intelligent, and thus more capable, than
chimpanzees
22. The auther
uses the word
”
supposed
”
in line 47 primarily to
(A) signal a claim that is
counterintuitive for most people
(B) make reference to a viewpoint that
is known to be controversial
(C) suggest that a certain concept may
not be entirely accurate
(D) indicate a complete and technically
correct definition
(E) bolster the claims of authorities
who are often cited
23.
Which
best
describes
the
relationship
between
the
“
internal
compass
”
(line
59)
and
the
characterization of chimpanzee
behaviors in the second paragraph (line 10-20)?
(A) One shows a
sophisticated understanding, while the other shows
a less-developed capacity
for
understanding
(B) One deals with
nonverbal communication, while the other deals
with communication through
language
(C) One is an example of a uniquely
human ability, while the other is an example for
an ability
that chimpanzees may or may
not have.
(D) Both represent the
ability to have affection for and understanding of
other beings.
(E) Both are examples of
the ability of primates to use tools to improve
their lives.
24. The
“
hand
”
(line
62) and the
“
eye
”
(line 63) represent, respectively,which
of the following?
(A) Gesture and
feeling
(B) War and peace
(C) Ingenuity and language
(D) Communicaition and meaning
(E) Technology and empathy
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