2014年6月英语四级考试真题(第2套).docx

2014

年

6

月四级真 题

(

第

2

套< /p>

)

Part III

Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank _from a list

o.f choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.

Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with

a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Thefact is, the world has been finding less oil than it has been using for more than twenty years now. Not only has demand

been36

,

but

the

oil

we

have

been

finding

is

coming

from

places

that

are37to

reach.

At

the

same

time,

more

of

this

newly38oil is of the type that requires a greater investment to39

. And because demand for this precious resource will

grow, according to some, by over 40 percent by 2025, fueling the world's economic40will take a lot more energy from every

possible source.

The

energy

industry

needs

to

get

more

from

existing

fields

while

continuing

to

search

for

new41

. Automakers

must

continue to improve fuel efficiency and perfect hybrid (

混合动力的

) vehicles. Technological improvements are needed so

that wind, solar and hydrogen can be more42 parts of the energy equation. Governments need to formulate energy policies

that

promote43and

environmentally

sound

development.

Consumers

must

be

willing

to

pay

for

some

of

these

solutions,

while practicing conservation efforts of their own.

Inaction is not an44

. So let's work together to balance this equation. We are taking some of the45needed to get started, but

we need your help to go the rest of the way.

注意 ：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

A. consequently

ate

ing

d

E. difficult

F. discovered

G. economically

H. exception

I. feasible

J. growth

K. optionL) refine

M. reserves

g

O. steps

Section B

Directions:

In

this

section,

you

are

going

to

read

a

passage

with

ten

statements

attached

to

it.

Each

statement

contains

information

given

in

one

of

the

paragraphs.

Identify

the

paragraph

from

which

the

information

is

derived.

You

may

choose

a

paragraph

more

than

once.

Each

paragraph

is

marked

with

a

letter.

Answer

the

questions

by

marking

the

corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

I Cry, Therefore I Am

A) In 2008, at a German zoo, a gorilla (

大猩猩

) named Gana gave birth to a

male

infant, who died after three months.

Photographs of Gana, looking stricken and inconsolable (

伤心欲绝的

), attracted crowds to the zoo. Sad as the scene was,

the

humans,

not

Gana,

were

the

only

ones

crying.

The

notion

that

animals

can

weep

has

no

scientific

basis.

Years

of

observations by biologists Dian Fossey, who observed gorillas, and Jane Goodall, who worked with chimpanzees (

黑猩猩

),

could not prove that animals cry tears from emotion.

B)It's true that many animals shed tears, especially in response to pain. Tears protect the eye by keeping it moist. But crying

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as an expression of feeling is tmique to humans and has played an essential role in human evolution and the development of

human cultures.

C)Within two days an infant can imitate sad and happy faces. If an infant does not cry out, it is unlikely to get the attention

it

needs

to

survive.

Around

34

months,

the

relationship

between

the

human

infant

and

its

environment

takes

on

a

more

organized

commtmicative

role,

and

tearful

crying

begins

to

serve

interpersonal

purposes:

the

search

for

comfort

and

pacification (

抚慰

). As we get older,

crying becomes a tool of social interaction:

grief and joy, shame and pride,

fear

and

manipulation.

D)Tears are as universal as laughter, and grief is more complex than joy. But although we all cry, we do so in different ways.

Women

cry

more

frequently

and

intensely

than

men,

especially

when

exposed

to

emotional

events.

Like

crying,

depression is, around the world, more commonly seen in women than in men. One explanation might be that women, who

despite decades of social advances still suffer from economic inequality, discrimination (

歧视

) and even violence, might

have more to cry about. Men not only cry for shorter periods than women, but they also are less inclined to explain their

tears,

usually

shed

them

more

quietly,

and

tend

more

frequently

to

apologize

when

they

cry

openly.

Men,

like

women,

report crying at the death of a loved one and in response to a moving religions experience. They are more likely than women

to cry when their core identities--as providers and protectors, as fathers and fighters --are questioned.

E)

People

who

score

on

personality

tests

as

more

sympathetic

cry

more

than

those

who

are

more

rigid

or

have

more

self-control. Frequency of crying varies widely: some shed tears at any novel or movie, others only a handful of times in

their lives. Crying in response to stress and conflict in the home, or after emotional trauma (

创伤

), lasts much longer than

tears induced by everyday sadness--which in turn last longer than tears of delight and joy.

F) Sadness is our primary association with crying, but the fact is that people report feeling happier after crying. Surveys

estimate

that

85%

of

women

and

73%

of

men

report

feeling

better

after

shedding

tears.

Surprisingly,

crying

is

more

commonly associated with minor forms of depression than with major depression involving suicidal thoughts.

G) People widely report that crying relieves tension, restores emotional balance and provides

bad

feelings.

The

term

has

religious

implications

of

removing

evil

and

sin;

it's

no

surprise

that

religious

ceremonies are, around the world, one of the main settings for the release of tears.

H) Crying is a nearly universal sign of grief, though some mourners report that, despite genuine sorrow, they cannot shed

tears--sometimes even for years after their loved one has gone. Unlike today, when the privacy of grief is more respected,

the

public

or

ceremonial

shedding

of

tears,

at

the

graveside

of

a

spouse

or

the

funeral

of

a

king

or

queen,

was

once

considered socially or even politically essential.

I) Crying has also served other social purposes. Rousseau wrote in his Confessions that while he considered tears the most

powerful expression of love, he also just liked to cry over nothing.

J) The association of tears with art has ancient roots. The classic Greek tragedies of the fifth century

B.C. were primarily celebrations of gods. Tragedies, like poetry and music, were staged religions events. Even then it was

recognized that crying in response to drama brought pleasure.

K) I have argued that there are neurobiological (

神经生物方面的

) associations linking the arts and mood disorders. When

I lecture on crying, I ask my audience to let me know, by a show of hands, which art forms most move them to tears. About

80% say

music, followed closely by novels (74%), but then the figures fall sharply, to 43%, for poetry, and 10-22% for

paintings, sculpture and architecture.

L) The physical act of crying is mainly one of breathing in air, which is why we choke up when we weep. This suggests to

language

scientists

that

emotional

crying

evolved

before

language,

perhaps

explaining

why

tears

communicate

states

of

mind and feelings that are often so difficult to express in words. Of course, from an evolutionary perspective, recognition of

emotion (usually through facial gesture) was essential for survival.

M) The earliest humans arrived sevetal million years ago, but only 150,000 to 200,000 years ago, did cultures, language,

religion and the arts arise. Along the way, tears became more than a biological necessity to lubricate (

润滑

) the eye and

developed into a sign of intense emotion and a signal of social bonding. The development of self-consciousness and the

notion of individual identity, or ego; storytelling about the origins of the world, the creation of humanity and life after death;

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