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1. Some fans feel that
sports events are ______ only when the competitors
are of
equal ability, making the
outcome of the game ______.
A.
successf
ul…assured
B. boring…questionable
C. dull…foreseen
D. interesting…predictable
E. exciting…uncertain
2.
Alfred
Schnittke's
musical
compositions
are
______:
phrases
are
clipped,
broken
into sections, and
split apart by long rests.
A. garnished
B.
improvisational
C.
fragmented
D.
cautious
E.
uniform
3.
The
consumer
advocate
claimed
that
while
drug
manufacturers
______
the
supposed
advantages of their proprietary brands,
generic versions of the same medications
are often equally ______.
A. tout…efficacious
B.
research…innocuous
C. market…prohibitive
D. laud…counterproductive
E. extract…prescriptive
4. Latoya's _____ is shown
by her ability to be ______: she can see her own
faults
more clearly than anyone else
can.
A.
perceptiveness…self
-centered
B.
objectivit
y…restrictive
C.
cynicism…self
-destructive
D.
open-
mindedness…complacent
E.
insightfulness…self
-critical
5. The bearded dragon
lizard is a voracious eater, so ______ that it
will consume
as many insects as
possible.
A.
abstemious
B.
cannibalistic
C.
slovenly
D.
insatiable
E.
unpalatable
6.
Because
drummer
Tony
Williams
paved
the
way
for
later
jazz-
fusion
musicians,
he
is considered a ______ of that
style.
A.
connoisseur
B.
revivalist
C.
beneficiary
D.
disparager
E.
progenitor
7.
The
politician's
speech
to
the
crowd
was
composed
of
nothing
but
______,
a
bitter
railing against the party's
opponents.
A.
digressions
B.
diatribes
C.
platitudes
D.
machinations
E.
acclamations
8.
Favoring economy of expression in writing, the
professor urged students toward
a
______ rather than an ______ prose
style.
A.
spare…ornate
B.
terse…opinionated
C.
personal…academic
D.
baroque…embellished
E.
repetitive…intricate
SECTION
7
The passages below are
followed by questions based on their content;
questions
following a
pair
of related passages may
also
be based on the
relationship
between
the
paired
passages.
Answer
the
questions
on
the
basis
of
what
is
stated
or
implied
in the
passages and in any introductory material that may
be provided.
Questions 9-12 are based on the
following passages.
Passage 1
Food
has
always
been
considered
one
of
the
most
salient
markers
of
cultural
traditions. When I
was a small child, food was the only thing that
helped identify
my
family
as
Filipino
American.
We
ate
pansit
lug-lug
(a
noodle
dish)
and
my
father
put
pads (salty fish sauce) on everything. However,
even this connection lessened
as I grew
older. As my parents became more acculturated, we
ate less typically
Filipino
food.
When
I
was
twelve,
my
mother
took
cooking
classes
and
learned
to
make
French and Italian
dishes. When I was in high school, we ate chicken
marsala and
shrimp fra diablo more
often than Filipino dishes like pansit lug-
lug.
Passage 2
Jean
Anthelme
Brillat-
Savarin
—
who
in
1825
confidently
announced,
me
what
you
eat, and
I will tell you who you
are
—
would have no trouble
describing cultural
identities of the
United States. Our food reveals us as tolerant
adventurers who
do
not
feel
constrained
by
tradition.
We
with
our
food
far
more
readily
than
we
preserve the culinary rules of our varied
ancestors. Americans have no single
national cuisine. What unites American
eaters culturally is how we eat, not what
we eat. As eaters, Americans mingle the
culinary traditions of many regions and
cultures. We are multiethnic
eaters.
9.
Which
of
the
following
statements
best
captures
the
relationship
between
the
two
passages
(A)
Passage 1 notes problems for which Passage 2
proposes solutions.
(B)
Passage 1 presents claims that are debunked by
Passage 2.
(C) Passage 2
furnishes a larger context for the experiences
described in Passage
I.
(D) Passage 2 provides an update of the
situation depicted in Passage 1.
(E) Passage
2
uses
material
presented
in
Passage
1to
correct
a
popular
misconception.
10. The author of Passage 2 would most
likely regard the mother's willingness to
(A)
laughably pretentious
(B)
understandably conservative
(C) typically American
(D) a regrettable compromise
(E) a surprising attitude
11. The
two
passages
differ
in
their
discussions
of
food
primarily
in
that
Passage
1
(A) considers
specific dishes eaten by particular people,
whereas Passage 2
comments on a
culture's general attitude toward
eating
(B) contrasts the
cuisines of different cultures, whereas Passage 2
emphasize
culinary practices common to
all cultures
(C) presents an
abstract theory of food, whereas Passage 2 offers
a historical
analysis of
consumption
(D) emphasizes
the
role
of
nostalgia
in
food
preferences,
whereas
Passage
2
rejects
that approach as overly
sentimental
(E) outlines
some popular choices in cuisine,
whereas Passage 2 underscores those
that are more unusual
12. Unlike the author of Passage 2, the
author of Passage 1 makes significant use
of
(A) direct
quotation
(B) sociological
analysis
(C) hypothetical
assumptions
(D) historical
sources
(E) personal
experience
Questions 13-24 are based on the
following passages.
The
passages below discuss the possibility of locating
intelligent life on other
planets.
Passage
1
has
been
adapted
from
a
1999
book
on
the
history
of
the
universe.
Passage
2
was
excerpted
from
a
2000
book
on
the
scientific
quest
for
extraterrestrial
life.
Passage 1
Generations of science-fiction movies
have conditioned us to consider bug-eyed
monsters, large-brained intellectual
humanoids, and other rather sophisticated
extraterrestrial Line creatures as
typical examples of life outside Earth. The
reality,
however,
is
that
finding
any
kind
of
life
at
all,
even
something
as
simple
as bacteria, would be
one of the most exciting discoveries ever
made.
The consensus within
the scientific community seems to be that we
eventually will
find not only life in
other parts of
10 the
galaxy but also intelligent and technologically
advanced life. I have to
say
that
1
disagree.
While
1
believe
we
will
find
other
forms
of
life
in
other
solar
systems
(if
not
in
our
own),
I
also
feel
it
is
extremely
unlikely
that
a
large
number
of advanced
technological civilizations are out
15 there, waiting to be discovered.
The most succinct support for my view comes
from Nobel laureate physicist Enrico
Fermi, the man who ran the first nuclear
reaction
ever
controlled
by
human
beings.
Confronted
at
a
1950
luncheon
with
scientific arguments
for the ubiquity of
20
technologically
advanced
civilizations,
he
supposedly
said,
where
is
everybody
This
so-called
Fermi
Paradox
embodies
a
simple
logic.
Human
beings
have
had
modern
science only a few
hundred years, and already we have moved into
space. It is not
25 hard
to
imagine
that
in
a
few
hundred
more
years
we
will
be
a
starfaring
people,
colonizing
other
systems.
Fermi's
argument
maintains
that
it
is
extremely
unlikely
that many other
civilizations discovered science at exactly the
same time we did.
Had they acquired
science even a thousand
30
years earlier than we. they now could be so much
more advanced that they would
already
be colonizing our solar system.
If, on the other hand, they are a
thousand years behind us, we will likely arrive
at their home planet before
they
35 even begin sending
us radio signals. Technological
advances
build
upon
each
other,
increasing
technological
abilities
faster
than
most
people
anticipate.
Imagine,
for
example,
how
astounded
even
a
great
seventeenth-century
scientist like Isaac Newton would be by our
current global
40
communication system, were he alive today. Where
are those highly developed
extraterrestrial civilizations so dear
to the hearts of science-fiction writers
Their existence is far from a foregone
conclusion.
Passage
2
Although posed in the most
casual of circumstances,
45
the Fermi Paradox has reverberated through the
decades and has at times
threatened
to
destroy
the
credibility
of
those
scientists
seriously
engaged
in
the
Search for
Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SET!) research
program.
One possible answer
to Fermi's question (
50
extraterrestrials,
where
are
they
is
that
extraterrestrials
have
in
fact
often
visited Earth, and
continue to do so. This is the answer of those who
believe in
the existence of
unidentified flying objects, or UFO's. But few
scientists, even
those engaged in SET1,
take the UFO claims
55
seriously.
won't
find
anyone
around
here
who
believes
in
UFO's.
says
Frank
Drake, a well-known SETI scientist. If
one discounts the UFO claims, yet still
believes that there are many
technological civilizations in the galaxy, why
have
they not visited us Drake's
answer
60
is
straightforward:
interstellar
travel
is
so
demanding
of
resources
and so hazardous
that intelligent civilizations don't attempt
it.
they
attempt
it,
when
radio
communication
can
supply
all
the
information
they
might
want
？
65 At first glance, Drake's
argument seems very persuasive. The distances
between stars are truly immense. To get
from Earth to the nearest star and back,
traveling
at
99
percent
of
the
speed
of
light,
would
take
8
years.
And
SETI
researchers have shown that, to
accelerate
70 a spacecraft
to such a speed, to bring it to a stop, and to
repeat the process
in the reverse
direction, would take almost unimaginable amounts
of energy.
Astronomer
Ben
Zuckerman
challenges
Drake's
notion
that
technological
beings
would
be satisfied
with
75 radio communication.
going
to
care
about
is
intelligent
life.
But
what
if
we
have
an
interest
in
simpler
life-forms
If
you
turn
the
picture
around
and
you
have
some
advanced
extraterrestrials
looking at the Earth, until
80
the
last
hundred
years
there
was
no
evidence
of
intelligent
life
but
for
billions
of
years
before
that
they
could
have
deduced
that
this
was
a
very
unusual
world
and
that
there were probably living creatures on it. They
would have had billions of
years to
come investigate.
85 that
the reason extraterrestrials haven't visited us is
that so few exist.
13. Which statement about the Fermi
Paradox is supported by both passages
(A) It articulates a
crucial question for those interested in the
existence of
extraterrestrials.
(B) It clarifies the astronomical
conditions required to sustain life on other
planets.
(C) It
reveals
the
limitations
of
traditional
ideas
about
the
pace
of
technological
change.
(D) It
demonstrates the scientific community's
fascination with the concept of
interstellar travel.
(E) It suggests that advanced
extraterrestrial civilizations may be uninterested
in our culture.
14. Which
statement
best
describes
a
significant
difference
between
the
two
passages
(A) Passage
1
analyzes
a
literary
form,
while
Passage
2
argues
that
literature
has
little bearing on science.
(B) Passage 1 presents an argument,
while Passage 2 surveys current opinion in a
debate.
(C)
Passage 1 concludes by rejecting the Fermi
Paradox, while Passage 2 opens by
embracing it.
(D)
Passage
1
describes
a
phenomenon,
while
Passage
2
details
a
belief
system
that
would
reject such a phenomenon.
(E) Passage
I
defends
a
viewpoint,
while
Passage
2
questions
that
viewpoint's
place
in scientific research.
15. The author of Passage 1
mentions '
(lines 2-4) primarily
to
(A) question the literary
value of science fiction
(B)
contrast fictional notions with a scientific
perspective
(C) offer
examples of the human fear of the
unknown
(D) criticize
science fiction for being unduly
alarmist
(E) suggest that
scientific research has been influenced by science
fiction
16. In
line 17,
(A)
fled
(B)
accumulated
(C)
traversed
(D)
managed
(E)
incurred
17.
Passage
1
suggests
that
the
Fermi
Paradox
depends
most
directly
on
which
assumption
(A) Extraterrestrial
civilizations
may
not
wish
to
be
discovered
by
human
beings.
?
(B)
Extraterrestrial
civilizations
would
most
likely
have
discovered
technology
at
about the same time human beings
discovered it.
(C)
Extraterrestrial technology would develop at
roughly the same rate as human