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新视野大学英语视听说
4unit10
答案
II. Basic Listening Practice
1. Script
W: Many Chinese
students are too shy to say anything in a
classroom.
M: I think they don’t speak
because their culture values modesty, and they
don’t want to appear to
be showing off.
Goes back to Confucius.
Q: Why don’t
Chinese students say anything in classroom
according to the man?
2.
Script
W: The government is doing
something at last about sex discrimination in the
workplace. Women
deserve the same pay
as men for the same work.
M: Yeah. In
the
United States, women earn only 70
percent of what men do for the same job. It’s a
situation that has to be changed.
Q: What does the man say about women?
3. Script
W:
I
admire
Michael
Dell.
He
had
a
dream
to
be
the
world’s
largest
manufacturer
of
personal
computers, and he has realized that
dream.
M: And he dropped out of
university to become a success. I wonder if there
is a lesson in that.
Q: What do we
learn about Dell from the conversation?
4. Script
M: Successful
entrepreneurs are often self-made people who have
a vision and know where they
are going.
W: But do they enjoy life like you and
me, or is money their only concern?
Q: What are the two speakers’ attitudes
toward successful entrepreneurs?
5. Script
W: Do you agree
that equal opportunity for all in an educational
system is important?
M: Yes, but we
have to recognize that all of us are not of equal
ability.
Q: What does the man imply?
Keys: 1.C
2.A
3. D
4.B
5.A
III.
Listening In
Task 1: Competition in
America
Script
Alan: What
are you reading, Eliza?
Eliza: An
article on American competition.
Alan:
Competition is everywhere and constant. Why so
much fuss about it, Miss Knowledge?
Eliza:
Don’t
make
fun
of
me.
According
to
the
author,
competition
is
especially
important
in
American life. The
y’re
taught to compete from early childhood. When
children play games, they
learn how to
beat others.
Alan: And many girls want
to look more attractive than the girls sitting
next to them in class. Do
you think
that way?
Eliza: Don’t be silly. Let’s
get ba
ck to the point. When children
are growing up, they compete with
one
another in their studies.
Alan: Isn’t
that also true of students in other nations? As we
all know, many Asian students kill for
a high test score and grab every
opportunity to sharpen their competitive edge over
others.
Eliza: American boys find great
pleasure in competing with each other in sports,
according to the
author.
Alan: I do like sports. When our
football team beats the other team, I feel great.
Makes me want to
shout out loud.
B
ut isn’t that normal throughout the
world?
Eliza: American
people also compete with each other at work and at
climbing the social ladder.
Alan: But
there’s competition in other countries as
well.
Eliza: You’re right in
a sense, but the author says the idea
of competing is more deeply rooted in
the minds of Americans. They’re even
taught that if you lose and don’t feel hurt, there
must be
something wrong with you.
Alan: I hear that some Asians put
emphasis on cooperation. Which approach do you
think makes
more sense?
Eliza: It’s hard to say. Anyway,
there’s no accounting for different
cultures.
1. What is the dialog mainly about?
2. What is the woman doing?
3. What do children learn from playing
games according to the woman?
4. What
does the man say about s
tudents’
studies?
5. What does the
woman say when asked which makes more sense,
competition or cooperation?
Keys: 1.C
2.A
3.C
4.B
5.D
1.
He dose like sports. When
his football team beats the other team, he feel
great. It makes
him want to shout out
loud. But he think that is normal throughout the
world.
author says it is more deeply
rooted in the minds of Americans. They're even
taught that
if you lose and don't feel
hurt, there must be something wrong with
you.
Task 2:
Americans’ Work Ethic
Script
For four hundred years or more, one
thing has been a characteristic of Americans. It
is called their
“work ethic”. Its (S1)
roots were in the teaching of the Christian
Puritans who first settled in (S2)
what
is now the northeastern state of Massachusetts.
They believed that it was their (S3) moral
duty to work at every task to please
God by their
(S4) diligence, honesty,
attention to details, skill, and attitude. To
these Puritans, it was a (S5) sin
to be
lazy or to do less than your best in any task.
They and later Americans tried to follow the
Bible’s (S6) teachings, “If a man will
not work, he shall not eat.”
Therefore, Americans have for (S7)
centuries believed that they were guilty of sin if
they did not
work as carefully and hard
as they could when they did anything. God would
punish those who
were careless or lazy
in their work. (S8) Even as children they were
taught, “If it’s worth doing at
all,
it’s worth doing well.”
But
some people have gone beyond the usual sense of
diligence. They are especially attracted to
the notion of “climbing the ladder” so
as to increase their status, financial position,
and sense of
self-worth.
(S9)
In
English
a
new
word
has
been
created
to
describe
people
who
work
compulsivelly.
The word
“workaholic” describes an
individual
who is as addicted to work as an
alcoholic is to alcohol.
There are conflicting points of view
about workaholics. Those concerned with problems
of mental
stress
believe
workaholics
abuse
themselves
physically
and
mentally.
(S10)
Others
hold
that
workaholics
are
valuable
members
of
society
because
they
are
extremely
productive.
The
American culture values
achievement, efficiency, and production, and a
workaholic upholds these
values.
Task 3: Do you know what “Freeze!”
means?
Script
There is one wo
rd which you
must learn before you visit the U.S.A. That is
“Freeze!” It means,
“Stand still and
don’t move.” Police officers use it when they are
ready to use their guns. If the
person
does not obey the command and moves, they shoot.
One evening in Los Angeles, someone
rang the bell doorbell of a house. It was a
dangerous area at
night, so the owner
of the house took his gun with him when he
answered the door. He opened the
door
and saw a person, who turned round and started
walking away from the house. The owner
cried “Freeze!”, but the man went on
walking. The owner thought he tried to escape, so
he shot
him dead.
Later,
a
sad
story
was
uncovered.
The
dead
man
was
Yoshiro
Hattori,
a
16-year-old
Japanese
exchange student. He went to visit a
friend for a Halloween party, but he could not
remember the
number of the house. When
he realized that he had gone to the wrong house,
he turned round to
leave. He did not
know much English and so did not understand the
command “Freeze!”.
The
tragedy arose from cultural misunderstanding.
Those who have lived in the United States for a
long
time
understand
the
possibility
of
being
shot
when
one
trespasses
upon
an
individual’s
property. It is
a well-
known fact in America that a
person’s home is his castle. Although Rodney
P
ears, the owner of the
house, gave a verbal warning “Freeze!” to Hattori,
Hattori did not know it
meant “Stand
still and don’t move”, and therefore did not obey
it. This misunderstanding became
the
trigger
of
Hattori’s
disaster.
The
concept
of
owning
guns
is
hard
for
Japanese
people
to
understand, but in America you are
permitted to own a gun under the U.S.
Constitution.
does the word “Freeze!”
mean in the passage?
did
the owner of the house take with him when he
answered the door?
3. Why did the
Japanese student turn around and leave?
4. What is mentioned as a possible
result of trespassing?
5. Why is the
phrase “a person’s home is his castle” quoted in
the passage?
Keys: 1.C
2.A
3.D
4.B
5.C
1 .
The
concept of owning guns is hard for Japanese people
to understand, but in America you are
permitted to own a gun under the U.S.
Constitution.
.
IV
. Speaking Out
MODEL 1
Americans glorify individualism.
Susan:
John, I
was looking for you. Where have you been hiding
all morning?
John:
Well, I caught Professor
Brown’s lecture on American
individualism.
Susan:
Oh, how did you find it?
John:
Enlightening.
Americans
glorify
individualism.
They
believe
individual
interests
rank
above everything else.
Susan:
Sounds
intersting. It’s a shar
p contrast to
the oriental collectivism Professor Wang talked
about last semester.
John:
But you should
know that the individualism in the United States
is not necesssarily an
equivalent for
selfishness.
Susan:
Then what does it mean in the States?
John:
They
believe
all
values,
rights,
and
duties
originate
in
individuals,
so
they
emphasize
individual initiative and independence.
Susan:
There
could
be
something
in
that.
Of
course
in
oriental
countries
the
interests
of
the
group are more important than anything
else.
John:
I
So,
it’s
all
the
more
necessary
for
foreigners
to
understand
American
culture,
or
they
can’t hope to understand the importance
of privacy in the West..
Susan:
Maybe
that’s
the
reason
nuclear
families
outnumber
extended
families
in
the
United
States.
John:
Right on! You’re catching
on fast!
Susan:
Now let me ask you a question.
John:
Shoot. Go ahead.
Susan:
Why do Americans cherish
individualism more than oriental people?
John:
I don’t know. Anyway, Professor Brown
didn’t sa
y.
Susan:
One reason might be that
American children stop sleeping with their parents
at an early
age. They learn
independence early, so it’s deeply
rooted.
John:
Wow, that’s an intelligent
guess!
MODEL2
What do you
think are the reasons for
that difference?
Script
Susan:
Do you
find that people in America often walk faster than
people in China? Americans
always seem
to be in a hurry.
John:
It’s hard to come to a
definite conclusion. Some Americans walk in a
leisurely way, and
some
Chines
e hurry all the time. But on the
whole, I think you’re right.
Susan:
What do
you think are the reasons for that difference?
John:
Americans treasure time. For them, time
is tangible. It’s a thing. “Time is money.” You
can “spend time”, “waste time”, “save
time”. You can even “kill time”!
Susan:
Does this
strong sense of time affect their lifestyle?
John:
Sure. If you’re 20 minutes late for a
bussiness appointment, the other person or persons
will be annoyed. They may not trust you
anymore.
Susan:
But as far as
I know,
English-speaking people may be 15-30 minutes late
for a dinner
party.
John:
That’s true. For an informal occasion
like that, punctuality is not so important. Also,
a
boss may keep his employees waiting
for a long time.
Susan:
But if h
is secretary is
late, she’s in trouble. She will probably receive
a reprimand.
John:
How true!
Susan:
The
American workship of time probably led them to
create fast foods.
John:
I
agree.
And
globalization
shrinks
the
differences
between
cultures.
Now
people
everywhere are
rushing, and anywhere you go, you find Kentucky
Fried Chicken.
Susan:
But plenty of Chinese are still making
appointments saying, “If I am late, wait for
me.”