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英文版
Universal Declaration of
Human Rights
Preamble
Whereas
recognition
of
the
inherent
dignity
and
of
the
equal
and
inalienable rights of all members of
the human family is the foundation
of
freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for
human rights have resulted in
barbarous
acts which have outraged the conscience of
mankind, and the
advent of a world in
which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech
and belief and freedom from fear and
want has been proclaimed as the
highest
aspiration of the common people,
Whereas
it
is
essential,
if
man
is
not
to
be
compelled
to
have
recourse,
as
a
last
resort,
to
rebellion
against
tyranny
and
oppression,
that human rights should be protected
by the rule of law,
Whereas
it
is
essential
to
promote
the
development
of
friendly
relations between
nations,
Whereas
the
peoples
of
the
United
Nations
have
in
the
Charter
reaffirmed
their
faith
in
fundamental
human
rights,
in
the
dignity
and
worth
of the human person and in the equal rights of men
and women
and have determined to
promote social progress and better standards of
life in larger freedom,
Whereas
Member
States
have
pledged
themselves
to
achieve,
in
cooperation with the United Nations,
the promotion of universal respect
for
and observance of human rights and fundamental
freedoms,
Whereas a common
understanding of these rights and freedoms is
of the greatest importance for the full
realization of this pledge,
Now, therefore,
The General
Assembly,
Proclaims this Universal
Declaration of Human Rights as a common
standard of achievement for all peoples
and all nations, to the end that
every
individual
and
every
organ
of
society,
keeping
this
Declaration
constantly
in
mind,
shall
strive
by
teaching
and
education
to
promote
respect
for
these
rights
and
freedoms
and
by
progressive
measures,
national
and
international,
to
secure
their
universal
and
effective
recognition and
observance, both among the peoples of Member
States
themselves and among the peoples
of territories under their jurisdiction.
Article I
All human
beings are born free and equal in dignity and
rights. They
are
endowed
with
reason
and
conscience
and
should
act
towards
one
another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2
Everyone is
entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth
in this
Declaration,
without
distinction
of
any
kind,
such
as
race,
colour,
sex,
language,
religion,
political
or
other
opinion,
national
or
social
origin,
property, birth or other status.
Furthermore,
no
distinction
shall
be
made
on
the
basis
of
the
political,
jurisdictional or international status of the
country or territory
to
which
a
person
belongs,
whether
it
be
independent,
trust,
non-self-governing or under any other
limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3
Everyone has the right to life, liberty
and security of person.
Article 4
No one shall be held in slavery or
servitude; slavery and the slave
trade
shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5
No
one
shall
be
subjected
to
torture
or
to
cruel,
inhuman
or
degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 6
Everyone
has
the
right
to
recognition
everywhere
as
a
person
before the law.
Article 7
All
are
equal
before
the
law
and
are
entitled
without
any
discrimination
to
equal
protection
of
the
law.
All
are
entitled
to
equal
protection against any discrimination
in violation of this Declaration and
against any incitement to such
discrimination.
Article 8
Everyone
has
the
right
to
an
effective
remedy
by
the
competent
national tribunals
for acts violating the fundamental rights granted
him
by the constitution or by law.
Article 9
No one shall be
subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10
Everyone is
entitled in full equality to a fair and public
hearing by an
independent
and
impartial
tribunal,
in
the
determination
of
his
rights
and
obligations and of any criminal charge against
him.
Article 11
Everyone
charged
with
a
penal
offence
has
the
right
to
be
presumed innocent until proved guilty
according to law in a public trial at
which he has had all the guarantees
necessary for his defence.
No one shall be
held guilty of any penal offence on account of any
act or omission which did not
constitute a penal offence, under national
or
international
law,
at
the
time
when
it
was
committed.
Nor
shall
a
heavier penalty be imposed than the one
that was applicable at the time
the
penal offence was committed.
Article 12
No one shall be
subjected to arbitrary interference with his
privacy,
family,
home
or
correspondence,
nor
to
attacks
upon
his
honour
and
reputation. Everyone has
the right to the protection of the law against
such interference or attacks.
Article 13
Everyone
has
the
right
to
freedom
of
movement
and
residence
within the borders
of each State.
Everyone has the right to
leave any country, including his own, and
to return to his country.
Article 14
Everyone
has
the
right
to
seek
and
to
enjoy
in
other
countries
asylum from persecution.
This right may not be invoked in the
case of prosecutions genuinely
arising
from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to
the purposes
and principles of the
United Nations.
Article 15
Everyone has the right to a
nationality.
No one shall be arbitrarily
deprived of his nationality nor denied the
right to change his nationality.
Article 16