-
星期
3 Wednesday
He who doesn
’
t
advance lose
groud.
学如逆水行舟，不进则退。
学习内容
Text A
Text B
Text C
Text D
今日练习
Text A
Like all animals, humans are
territorial. But unlike other creatures, we are
also attached to the
soil by an
emotional motherland. What nation
doesn
’
t have its rural
landscape
—
its fatherland
or
motherland
—
as one of the wellspring of its poetry, music and
folklore? So the luckiest of people
mus
t surely be farmers. As
the poet Virgil, a smaller farmer himself, put it:
“How blessed beyond
all blessings are
farmers, if they but knew their happiness! Far
from the clash of arms, the most
just
earth brings forth from the soil an easy living
for them.”
But
Virgil
wrote
those
lines
in
about
30
B.C.
Today,
how
many
small
farmers
in
Europe
would share his view
that the living is easy? The truth is that the
image city people love to hold of
farmers
—
with
their wheat rippling in the sunshine, brown cows
and battered red tractors
—
is in
danger of becoming restricted to
storybooks. A great many of
Europe
’
s millions of small
farmers
are
deep
in
financial
mire,
unable
to
battle
modern
intensive
agribusiness,
and
suffering
the
humiliation
of
earning
a
big
chunk
of
their
income
by
being
paid
not
to
grow
crops
or
raise
animals.
The
depth
of
the
crisis
was
brought
home
earlier
this
year
in Britain,
when
about 280,000
country people
marched quietly through the streets of London
carrying placards pleading “Listen
to
U
s”, and “Don’t Take the Backbone out
of Farming”. As well as farmers, there were people
wanting
to
preserve
rural
jobs
and
ways
of
life:
hunters
and
foresters.
Thousands
were
there
simply because they
know that the countryside is an economic,
recreational and spiritual resource
that, once lost, cannot be replaced,
says one of those marchers, Peverell Bruce, a
dairy and arable
farmer in Hampshire:
“I see my life’
s work as being for my
children. I want to nurture my land for
them. I hope
there
’
s a future in
f
arming for my sons.”
The
fact
that
there
is
no
future
on
the
land
for
the
children
of
many
farming
families
is
popularly blamed on the
Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European
Union
—
probably
unfairly. The CAP aimed to provide
farmers with a guaranteed price for their goods,
help peasant
farmers adapt to modern,
sustainable agriculture and offer rural workers “a
fair standard of living”.
Behind those
noble goals was the need to boost food production
in a post-war Europe plagued by
shortage.
1. At the
beginning of the passage, the author indicates
that
[A] land is important
to humans, especially farmers.
[B]
Virgil is a great and fruitful poet.
[C] humans are different from animals.
[D] farmers should be satisfied with
their living.
2. In Europe, modern
farmer
’
s attitude towards
Virgil
’
s view is
题
材
社会现象类
文学人物类
政治制度类
战争史实类
词
数
399
575
415
415
建议时间
6.5
分钟
7
分钟
5.5
分钟
6
分钟
错误统计
/5
/6
/4
/5
做题备忘
[A]
indifferent.
[B] neutral.
[C] opposite.
[D] favorable.
3. Which of the following
statements is NOT true according to the passage?
[A] There are many songs and poems in
praise of the rural landscape.
[B] Many
city people still believe in the beauty of rural
life.
[C] Small
farmers
’
living is
threatened by modern agribusiness.
[D]
Farmers are unwilling to be bound to their land.
4. The reason why British country
people marched is that
[A] they were
not allowed to read those storybooks anymore.
[B] they wanted to keep their rural
life unchanged.
[C] they needed
government to enlarge their farming land.
[D] they required government to hasten
modernizations in agriculture.
5.
According to the passage the CAP tried to
[A] strengthen the modern influence on
farming life.
[B] take care of
children
’
s life.
[C] help farmers adjust to new
situations.
[D] import more from other
continents.
Text B
In the
whole of French literary history, there is,
perhaps, no subject of such inexhaustible and
modern interest as that of George Sand.
Of what use is literary history? It is not only a
kind of
museum,
in
which
a
few
masterpieces
are
preserved
for
the
pleasure
of
observers.
It
is
this
certainly, but it is
still more than this. Fine books are, before
anything else, living works, they not
only have lived, but they continue to
live. They live within us, underneath those ideas
which form
our
conscience
and
those
sentiments
which
inspire
our
actions.
There
is
nothing
of
greater
importance for any
society than to make an inventory of the ideas and
the sentiments which are
composing its
moral atmosphere every instant that it exists. For
every individual this work is the
very
condition of his dignity. The question is, should
we have these ideas and these sentiments, if,
in the times before us, there had not
been some exceptional individuals, who seized
them, as it
were,
in
the
air
and
made
them
practicable
and
durable?
These
exceptional
individuals
were
capable of thinking
more vigorously, of feeling more deeply, and of
expressing themselves more
forcibly
than we are. They leaved these ideas and
sentiments to us. Literary history is, then, above
and beyond all things, the everlasting
examination of the conscience of humanity.
George Sand wrote for nearly half a
century. For fifty times three hundred and sixty-
five days,
she never let a day pass by
without covering more pages than other writers in
a month. Her first
books
shocked
people,
her
early
opinions
were
greeted
with
storms.
From
that
time
forth
she
rushed head-long into everything new,
she welcomed every fantasy and passed it on to us
with
more force and passion in it.
Vibrating with every breath, electrified by every
storm, she looked up
at every cloud
behind which she fancied she saw star shining. The
work of another novelist has
been
called a repertory of human documents. But what a
repertory of ideas her work was! She has
said what she had to say on nearly
every subject: on love, the family, social
institutions and on the
various forms
of government. And with all this she was a woman.
Her case is almost unique in the
history of letters. It is intensely
interesting to study the influence of this woman
of genius on the
evolution of modern
thought.
The share which belongs to
George Sand in the history of the French novel is
that of having
impregnated
the
novel
with
the
poetry
in
her
own
soul.
She
gave
to
the
novel
a
breadth
and
a
range which it had never hitherto had.
She celebrated the hymn of nature, of love and of
goodness
in
it.
She
revealed
to
us
the
country
and
the
peasants
of
France.
She
gave
satisfaction
to
the
romantic
tendency which is in every one of us, to more or
less degree.
George
Sand
’
s literary ideal may be
read in the following words, which she wrote to
Flaubert:
“You make the people who read
your books still sadder than they were before.
I want to make
them
less
unhappy.”
She
tried
to
do
this,
and
she
often
succeeded
in
her
attempt.
What
greater
praise can we give
to her than that? And how can we help adding a
little gratitude and affection to
our
admiration for the woman who was the good fairy of
the contemporary novel?
6.
What
’
s the usage of the
literary history?
[A] It is
just a kind of museum.
[B] It is an
inventory of ideas and sentiments.
[C]
It records ordinary people
’
s
life.
[D] It exams the moral or ethical
awareness of human being forever.
7.
According
to
the
passage,
exceptional
individuals
have
all
the
following
characteristics
EXCEPT
[A] they have more active thought.
[B] they feel more deeply.
[C] they have strong expressive power.
[D] they can forecast the future.
8. The author thinks that George Sand
[A] was a productive
writer.
[B] was the first female writer
in the literary history.
[C] wrote on all subjects except
politics.
[D] had a significant
influence on moral atmosphere.
9
. The word
“impregnated”
in Para. 3 is closest in
meaning to
[A] communicate.
[B] filled up.
[C] jointed.
[D] associated.
10.
According to the passage, we can know that George
Sand described
[A] the life
of upper-class society.
[B] the life of children.
[C] French country and peasants.
[D]
the economic development.
11. What was
George Sand
’
s literary
ideal?
[A] She wanted to make readers
happy.
[B] She attempted to record the
life in her generation.
[C]
She tried to satisfy her readers.
[D] She wanted to encourage women in
those days.
Text C
American
federalism
has
been
described
as
a
neat
mechanical
theory.
The
national
government
was
said
to
be
sovereign
in
certain
areas
of
governmental
concern,
such
as
the
regulation of interstate commerce.
State governments were said to be sovereign in
certain other
areas, such as regulation
of intrastate commerce and exercise of the police
power. One writer has
described
this
as
the
“layer
cake”
concept
of
American
federalism.
In
the
top
layer
are
neatly
compacted all the powers of the
national government; in the bottom layer are found
the separate
and distinct functions and
powers of state governments.
How
nice
it
would
be
if
the
American
federal
system
could
be
so
easily
and
conveniently
analyzed.
But
Professor
Martin
Grodzins
of
the
University
of
Chicago
has
gone
to
describe
federalism in practice as more like a
marble cake, with an intermingling of functions,
than like a
layer cake, with functions
separate and distinct. The intermingling can be
seen best, perhaps, by
examining
the
example
of
railroad
traffic.
If
it
crosses
a
state
line,
it
constitutes
interstate
commerce, coming
under control of national government. Rail
shipments originating and ending
within
a single state constitute intrastate commerce,
thus
—
the theory tells us
—
falling under
regulation
of
state
government.
However,
both
the
interstate
and
intrastate
shipments
may
have
moved
over the same rails. In this simple example, one
might easily read the urgent necessity for
close cooperation between state and
national governments. This need has not gone
unrecognized
by administrators of
governmental programs at the state, local, and
national levels.
Nonetheless, national
and state interests often conflict in the
political area. Pressures may be
brought to bear down on state
legislators which differ from those felt by
members of the national
Congress.
Disagreement
over
the
proper
division
of
powers
between
states
and
the
national
government often
lies beneath a conflict of interests. But no best
formula has been discovered for
drawing
a dividing line between state powers and national
powers.
The
men
who
wrote
the
United
States
Constitution
did
the
best
they
could
in
the
face
of
circumstances
which
confronted
them
at
the
time.
The
state-national
power
dispute
has
raged
persistently ever
since. What are “states rights”? It is obvious
that, throughout the United States
history,
the
issue
of
“states
rights”
has
arisen
repeatedly
as
the
painful
wailed
for
any
interest
which they felt being treated
unsympathetically at a given moment by the
national government.
The source of the
cry would seem to depend on whose ox is being
gored.
12.
“
L
ayer cake”
concept
is cited to show
[A]
separate and distinct functions and power between
governments.
[B] sovereign power of the
national government.
[C] regulation of
intrastate commerce in state governments.
[D] exercise of the police power in
state governments.
13. In which
paragraph does the author indicate his/her view
about American federalism?
[A] 1
[B] 2
[C] 3
[D] 4
14. Which
of the following statements is TRUE according to
the author?
[A] This need for close
state-national cooperation has not been
recognized.
[B] Conflict of interests
often accounts for the state-national power
disputes.
[C] At the very beginning
federalism was an ideal one without state-national
power disputes.
[D] Those who wrote the
United States Constitution should be blamed for
the present confusion.
15. Since there
is no clear-cut formula for dividing state and
national powers,
[A] interstate
cooperation is primarily a thing of the past.
[B] state governments have been forced
to delegate certain functions to the federal
government.
[C] states constantly cry
to the national government for more rights.
[D] state governments have been losing
power since the foundation of federalism.
Text D
In
1943
as
a
bright-eyed
14-year-old,
Akira
Ogasawara
joined
the
Japanese
army,
partly
because the officials who enrolled army
members promised him a ride in an airplane.
Instead of
getting his flight, he was
assigned to a secret medical unit that performed
experiments on prisoners
in Manchuria.
Now 65 and a construction worker, he is still
tormented by the memory of his two
y
ears with Unit 731 as it
worked on developing a “germ bomb”, which Tokyo
hoped would help
win
World
War
Ⅱ
.
“I
myself
did
not
put
any
prisoner
under
the
knife.”
he
tells
a
mostly
middle-
aged audience of
about 50 people at Hachioji, near Tokyo. “But when
I th
ink that the rats
and
fleas I bred were used in experiments which killed
so many people, I feel that
it
’
s my task to
tell everyone that such things took
place.” The audience stirs uneasily, sharing a
hideous secret
from the past.
Until the early 1980s, few Japanese
were eager to learn about events like Unit
731
’
s activities
in
Manchuria,
a
region
in
northern
China
conquered
and
governed
by
the
Japanese
army
from
1932
to
1945.
Untold
thousands
of
Russians,
Koreans
and
Chinese
suspected
of
anti-Japanese
activities
were
brought
to
the
Unit
731
base
at
Pinfang,
near
Harbin.
Clinically
referred
to
as
maruta, or
“logs”, they were initially treated well since the
experiments required healthy subjects.
Eventually, however, some of the
prisoners were infected with contagious diseases
—
typhoid(
伤
寒症
),
tetanus(
破伤风
),
anthrax(
炭疽热
), syphilis(
梅毒
)
—
or
poisoned with mustard
gas(
芥子气
);
others,
stripped
and
tied
to
poles,
were
exposed
to
the
-20
℃
Manchurian
winter
to
develop
frostbite and subsequently
gangrene(
坏疽
). Some were even
dissected while still alive, according
to former unit members. At least 3,000
prisoners died.
In the late summer of
1945 the surviving prisoners were put to death,
and Ogasaware was
among
the
men
assigned
to
dispose
of
the
bodies.
After
the
war,
senior
officers
of
Unit
731
captured by the Soviets
were sent to Siberian labor camps. The U.S. agreed
not to prosecute unit
members in
exchange for the death
camp
’
s medical data.
Today
an
exhibition
about
Unit
731,
complete
with
photographs
and
man-made
things,
is
touring Japan, with 40
stops planned around the country; Ogasawara
—
along with other former
unit members
—
offers his testimony at the exhibition whenever he
can. For a Japan that still has
not
totally
come
to
terms
with
the
wartime
past,
his
words
are
painful
reminders
of
one
of
the
darkest
chapters in the country
’
s
history.
16. According to the passage,
why did Akira Ogasaware join the army?
[A] He was inspired to devote himself
to world peace.
[B] He was well-
prepared to sacrifice himself for his country.
[C] He was so childish that he was keen
on taking the plane.
[D] He was cheated
that he could join in the Air Force.
17
. The following
information about Unit 731 and “germ bomb” is true
EXCEPT
[A] Japan intended to
abuse germ in war.
[B] Japan ever cut
down many logs for experiments.
[C]
Japan also experimented on Russians besides
Chinese.
[D] Japan infected maruta with
contagious diseases.
18. The prisoners
were primitively treated well because
[A] Japanese cared about the health of
maruta.
[B] the aim of the experiments
was a top priority for Japanese.
[C]
Japanese were eager to inquire of them about
Manchuria.
[D] they were infected with
contagious diseases.
19. Which of the
following adjectives can best describe
Japanese’s deeds in
Manchuria
?
[A] Inhuman.
[B]
troublesome.
[C] Historic.
[D] rude.
20.
Which of the following is NOT
correct?
[A] The
U.S.A. ever lacked the sense of justice in
accusation of Japanese prisoners of the war.
[B] The true wartime past does not
completely come to light in Japan.
[C]
Akira Ogasaware
’
s testimony
reminds the world of the true history of Japan in
the war.
[D]
Akira Ogasaware
himself operated on “logs”.
词汇难句
语境词汇
Text A
1. territorial
a.
地盘性的；领土的
2. be
attached to
依附于
3. wellspring
n.
源泉
4. bring
forth
产生，引起；提出，引证
5. ripple v.
(
使
)
起微波
n.
细浪；
水的潺潺声
6. battered
a.
磨损的
7.
mire
n.
困境；泥潭，沼泽
8. a big chunk of
大部分
9. bring home
以强调形式清楚地显示（或证实）
10. placard
n.
标语牌；布告，海报
11. plague vt.
使受灾祸；使染瘟疫
n.
瘟疫；祸患
Text B
1. inexhaustible
a.
无穷无尽的，用不完的；不会疲劳的，不倦的
2. sentiment
n.
情操，思想感情；情绪
3. make an inventory of
编制?清单，盘点
4.
repertory
n.
贮存，库存；仓库
5. social institution
社会制度
6.
impregnate vt.
注入，灌输；使怀孕
Text C
1. sovereign a.
有主权的；最高的
n.
君主
2. police power
治安权；警察部队
3.
compact v.
使紧密结合；使结实
a.
紧密的；简洁的
4. bear down on
sb.
对某人施加压力
5.
dividing line
分界线，界限
v.
猛烈进行；发怒
n.
盛怒
7. wail for
为?恸哭
8. gore v.
用角伤害；把?剪成楔形三角布
n.
（伤口
流出的）血，凝固的血
Text D
1. assign sb. to do sth.
指定某人做某事
2.
hideous
a.
令人惊骇的；极丑的；庞大的
3. germ bomb
细菌炸弹
4. contagious disease
传染性疾病
5. typhoid
n.
伤寒
a.
伤寒性的
6. tetanus
n.
破伤风
7. anthrax
n.
炭疽热
8. syphilis
n.
梅毒