高考英语真题科技说明文阅读理解精选训练(含答案)

高考真题阅读理解科技说明文汇编

（科技类说明文是阅读中的难点，学生容易失分，有很大的区分度。因此，

开展有针对性的训练很有必要，本汇编精选近年高考真题，以求把握难度，总

结规律， 达到事半功倍的效果，）

（

2020

全国卷

I

）话题：植物新科技

D

The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.

Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown

，

Ohio

，

for example,

discovered

that

greener

areas

of

the

city

experienced

less

crime.

In

another

，

employees

were

shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.

The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

（< /p>

MIT

）

have taken it a step further

changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse

，

even unusual

functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show whe

n they’re

short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals

in groundwater.

＂

We’re thinking

about

how

we

can

engineer

plants

to

replace

functions

of

the

things

that

we

use

every

day,

＂

explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.

One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow

（发光）

in experiments using some

common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three

-and-a-half

hours.

The

light

，

about

one-thousandth

of

the

amount

needed

to

read

by

，

is

just

a

start.

The

technology,

Strano

said,

could

one

day

be

used

to

light

the

rooms

or

even

to

turn

tree

into

self-powered street lamps.

in the future

，

the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto

plant

leaves

in

a

one-

off

treatment

that

would

last

the

plant’s

lifetime.

The

engineers

are

also

trying to develop an on and off

＂

switch

＂

where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.

Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is

often far removed from the power source

（电源）

—

such as the distance from a power plant to

street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission

（传输）

.

Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.

32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A. A new study of different plants.

B. A big fall in crime rates.

C. Employees from various workplaces.

D. Benefits from green plants.

33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?

A. To detect plants’ lack of water

B. To change compositions of plants

C. To make the life of plants longer.

D. To test chemicals in plants.

34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?

A. They will speed up energy production.

B. They may transmit electricity to the home.

C. They might help reduce energy consumption.

D. They could take the place of power plants.

35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Can we grow more glowing plants?

B. How do we live with glowing plants?

C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?

D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?

（

2019

全国卷

I

）话题：利用生物信息进行身份识别

C

As

data

and

identity

theft

becomes

more

and

more

common,

the

market

is

growing

for

biometric

（

生物测量

）

technologies

—

like fingerprint scans

—

to keep others out of private e

-

spaces.

At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.

Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low

-

cost device

（< /p>

装置

）

that

gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence

（

节奏

）

with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could

offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time

between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine

people’s

identities,

and

by

extension,

whether

they

should

be

given

access

to

the

computer

it’s

connected to

—

regardless of whether someone gets the password right.

It

also

doesn’t

require

a

new

type

of

technology

that

people

aren’t

already

familiar

with.

Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.

In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word

＂

to uch

＂

four

times

using

the

smart

keyboard.

Data

collected

from

the

device

could

be

used

to

recognize

different

participants

based

on

how

they

typed,

with

very

low

error

rates.

The

researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly

made of inexpensive, plastic

-

like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.

28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?

A. To reduce pressure on keys.

C. To replace the password system.

B. To improve accuracy in typing

D. To cut the cost of e

-

space protection.

29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?

A. Computers are much easier to operate.

B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.

C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.

D. Data security measures are guaranteed.

30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?

A. It’ll be environment

-

friendly.

C. It’ll be made of plastics.

31. Where is this text most likely from?

A. A diary.

B. A guidebook

C. A novel.

D. A magazine.

B. It’ll reach consumers soon.

D. It’ll help speed up typing.

（

2018

全国卷

I

）话题：不同电器设备耗电研究

D

We

may

think

we’re

a

culture

that

gets

rid

of

our

worn

technology

at

the

first

sight

of

something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (

装置

) well

after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated

devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.

To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at

the

Rochester

Institute

of

Technology

in

New

York

tracked

the

environmental

costs

for

each

product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.

This

method

provided

a

readout

for

how

home

energy

use

has

evolved

since

the

early

1990s.

Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box

-

set TVs

defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD

TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e

-

readers showed up in 2007.

As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living

-

room

television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in

every

room

of

the

house,”

said

one

researcher.

The

average

number

of

electronic

devices

rose

from

four

per

household

in 1992

to

13

in

2007. We’re not

just

keeping

these old

devices

–

we

continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box

TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution

to greenhouse gas emissions (

排放

) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

So what’s the solution (

解决方案

)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers

also

explored

what

would

happen

if consumers

replaced

old

products

with

new

electronics

that

serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found

that

more

on

-

demand

entertainment

viewing

on

tablets

instead

of

TVs

and

desktop

computers

could cut energy consumption by 44%.

32. What does the author think of new devices?

A. They are environ ment

-

friendly.

C. They cost more to use at home.

A. To reduce the cost of minerals.

B. To test the life cycle of a product.

C. To update consumers on new technology.

D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.

34. Which of the following uses the least energy?

A. The box

-

set TV

.

A. Stop using them.

C. Upgrade them.

B. The tablet.

C. The LCD TV

.

B. Take them apart.

D. Recycle them.

D. The desktop computer.

35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?

B. They are no better than the old.

D. They go out of style quickly.

33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?

(2020

全国卷

II)

话题：海狸鼠毛皮的利用问题

C

When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list,

fur probably didn’t cross your mind.

But some ecologists and fashion (

时装）

enthusiasts are trying