-
2010
年北京高考英语试题（
7
选
5
）
< br>
第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能
填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项
为多余选项．
71
．
（
10
分）
Muzak
The next time
you go into a bank
，
a
store
，
or a
supermarket
，
stop and
listen
．
What do you
hear
？（
71
）
It's similar to the music
you listen to
，
but it's not
exactly the same
．
That's
because this music was especially
designed to relax you
，
or to
give you extra
energy
．
Sometimes you
don't even realize the music is
playing
，
but you react to the
music anyway
．
Quiet
background music used to be
called
（电梯）
music
it in
elevators
．
But lately we hear
it in more and more
places
，
and it has a new
name
．
About
one
﹣
third of the
people in America listen
to
．
The music plays for 15
minutes at a
time
，
with short
pauses in between
．
It is
always more lively between ten and eleven in the
morning
，
and between three
and four in the
afternoon
，
when people are
more tired
．
（
72
）
If
you listen to Muzak
carefully
，
you will probably
recognize the names of many of the
songs
．
Some
musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to
be used as Muzak
，
but others
are
happy when their songs are chosen
．
Why
？（
73
）
Music is often
played in public places because it is designed to
make people feel less lonely
when they
are in an airport or a
hotel
．
It has been proven
that Muzak does what it is designed to
do
．
Tired office
workers suddenly have more energy when they hear
the pleasant sound of Muzak in
the back
ground
．
（
74
）
Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent
more groceries
．
（
75
）
．
They say it's boring to
hear the same songs all the
time
．
But other people
enjoy hearing Muzak in
public
places
．
They say it helps
them relax and feel
calm
．
One way
or
another
，
Muzak
affects everyone
．
Some
farmers even say their cows give more milk when
they hear
Muzak!
A
．
Some people
don't like Muzak
．
B
．
The music gives
them extra energy
．
C
．
Music is
playing in the background
．
D
．
Factory workers
produce 13 percent more
．
E
．
Muzak tends to
help people understand music
better
．
F
．
They ge t as
much as $$4 million a year if their songs are
used
．
G
．
Muzak is played
in most of the big supermarkets in the
world
．
2011
年北京市高考英语试卷（阅读
7
< br>选
5
）
）
（
10
分）
Public Speaking and Critical Thinking
What is critical
thinking
？
To a certain
degree
，
it's a matter of
logic
（逻辑）
﹣
of
being able
to
spot
weaknesses
in
other
people's
arguments
and
to
avoid
them
in
your
own
．
It
also
includes
related skills such as distinguishing
fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of
evidence
．
In the broad
sense
，
critical thinking is
focused
，
organized
thinking
﹣
the ability to see
clearly
the relationships among ideas
．
（
71
）
The greatest th
inkers
，
scientists
，
and inventors have
often
taken
information
that
was
readily
available
put
it
together
differently
to
produce
new
ideas
．
That
，
too
，
is
critical thinking
．
（
72
）
As the class goes
on
，
for
example
，
you will probably
spend a good deal of time
organizing
your speeches
．
While this may
seem like a purely
mechanical
（机械的）
exercise
，
it is
closely
connected
with
critical
thinking
．
If
the
structure
of
your
speech
is
loose
and
confused
，
chances
are that your thinking is also disordered and conf
used
．
If
，
on the other hand
，
the
structure
is
clear
，
there is a good chance
your thinking is
too
．
Organizing a speech is
not just a matter of
arranging the
ideas you already have
（
73
）
．
What is true of
organization is true of many aspects of public spe
aking
．
（
74
< br>）
As you
work on expressing your ideas in
clear
，
accurate
language
，
you will improve
your ability to think
clearly and accur
ately
．
（
75
< br>）
As you learn to
listen critically to speeches in
class
，
you will
be
better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a
variety of situations
．
If you take full advantage
of your speech class
，
you
will be able to develop your skills as a
critical thinker in many
circumstances
．
This is one
reason public speaking has been regarded as a
vital part of education since the days
of ancient Greece
．
A
．
Rat
her
，
it is an important part
of shaping the ideas
themselves
．
B
．
This may seem
like a lot of time
，
but the
rewards are well worth it
．
C
．
It may also
help you to know that there is no such thing as a
perfect speech
．
D
．
It has often
been said that there are few new ideas in the
world
，
only reorganized
ideas
．
E
．
If you are
wondering what this has to do with your public
speaking class
，
the answer is
quite a lot
．
F
．
The
skills
you
learn
in
your
speech
class
can
help
you
become
a
more
effective
thinker
in
a
number of ways
．
G
．
As you study
the role of evidence and reasoning in
speechmaking
，
you will see
how they can be
used in other forms of
communication as well
．
2012
年北京市高考英语试卷（阅读
7
选
5<
/p>
）
71
．
（
10
分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个
选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有
两项为多余选项．
Empathy
Last
year
，
researchers
from
the
University
of
Michigan
reported
that
empathy
，
the
ability
to
understand other
people
，
among college
students had dropped sharply over the past
10years
．
（
71
）
Today
，
people
spend more time alone and are less likely to join
groups and clubs
．
Jennifer Freed
，
a
co
﹣
director of a teen
program
，
has another
explanation
．
Turn on the
TV
，
and
you're
showered
with
news
and
reality
shows
full
of
people
fighting
，<
/p>
competing
，
and
generally
treating one
another with no respect
．
（
72
）
There
are
good
reasons
not
to
follow
those
bad
examples
．
Humans
are
socially
related
by
nature
．
（
73
）<
/p>
Researchers
have also found that empathetic teenagers are more
likely to have
high self
﹣
respect
．
Besides
，
empathy can be a cure for loneli
ness
，
sadness
，
anxiety
，
and
fear
．
Empathy is
also an indication of a good
leader
．
In
fact
，
Freed
says
，
many top companies
report that
empathy
is
one
of
the
most
important
things
they
look
for
in
new
managers
．
（
74
）
．
But if you don't
have emotional
（情感的）
intelligence
，
you
won't be
as successful in work or in
your love
life
，
．
What's the best way to up your EQ
（情商）？
For
starters
，
let down your guard
and really listen to
others
．
（
75
）
To really develop
empathy
，
you'd better
volunteer at a nursing home or a
hospital
，
join a club or a
team that has a diverse
membership
，
have
a
，
or spend time caring
for pets at an animal
shelter
．
A
．
Everyone is
different
，
and levels of
empathy differ from person to
person
．
B
．
That could be
because so many people have replaced face time
with screen time
，
the
researchers
said
．
C
．
，
．
D
．
Humans learn by
example
﹣
and most of the
examples on it are anything but
empathetic
．
E
．
Empathy is a
matter of learning how to understand someone
else
﹣
both what they think
and how
they
feel
．
F
．
Good social
skills
﹣
including
empathy
﹣
are a kind
of
succeed in many areas of
life
．
G
．
Having
relationships
with
other
people
is
an
important
part
of
being
human
﹣
and
having
empathy is decisive
to those relationships
．
2013
年北京市高考英语试卷（<
/p>
7
选
5
）
71
．
（
10
分）
Urban
ization
Until relatively
recently
，
the vast majority
of human beings lived and died without ever seeing
a
city
．
The first
city was probably founded no more than
5
，
500years ago
．
（
71
）
．
In
fact
，
nearly everyone lived
on farms or in
tiny rural
（乡村的）
villages
．
It was
not until the 20th century that Great Britain
became the first
urban society
in
history
﹣
a society
in which the majority of people live in cities and
do not farm for a living
．
Britain was only the beginning
．
（
72
）
．
The process of
urbanization
﹣
the migration
（迁
移）
of people from the countryside to the
city
﹣
was the result of
modernization
，
which has
rapidly
transformed how people live
and
where they
live
．
In
1990
，
fewer than 40% of
Americans lived in urban areas
．
< br>Today
，
over 82% of
Americans live in
cities
．
Only about
2% live on farms
．
（
73
）
．
Large cities were impossible until
agriculture became
industrialized
．
Even in
advanced agricultural
societies
．
It
took
about
ninety
﹣
five
people
on
farms
to
feed
five
people
in
cities<
/p>
．
（
74
）
．
Until modern
times
，
those living in cities
were mainly the ruling
elite
（精
英）
and the
servants
，
laborers and
professionals who served
them
．
Cities
survived
by
taxing
farmers
and
were
limited
in
size
by
the
amount
of
surplus
food
that
the
rural
population produced and by the ability
to move this surplus from farm to
city
．
Over the
past two centuries
，
the
Industrial Revolution has broken this balance
between the city and
the country
．
（
75
）
< br>
．
Today
，
instead of needing
ninety
﹣
five farmers to feed
five city people
，
one
American farmer is able to feed more than a
hundred non
﹣
farmers
．
A
．
That kept
cities very small
．
B
．
The rest live
in small towns
．
C
．
The effects of
urban living on people should be
considered
．
D
．
Soon many other
industrial nations become urban
societies
．
E
．
But even
200years ago
，
only a few
people could live in cities
．
F
．
Modernization
drew people to the cities and made farmers more
productive
．
G
．
Modern cities
have destroyed social relations and the health of
human beings
．
2014
年北京市高考英语试题（<
/p>
7
选
5
）
71
．
（
10
分）
Evalu
ating Sources
（来源）
of health Information
Making
good
choices
about
your
own
health
requairs
reasonable
evaluation
．
A
key
first
step
in
bettering
your
evaluation
ability
is
to
look
carefully
at
your
sources
of
healthy
information
．
Resonable evaluation includes
knowing where and how to fins relevant
information
，
how
to
separate
fact
from
opinions
，
how
to
recognize
poor
reasoning
，
and
how
to
analyze
information and the reliability of sour
ces
．
（
71
）
Go to the
original source
．
Media
reports often simplify the results of medical
research
．
Find out for
yourself what a study really
reported
，
and determin
whether it was based on good
science
．
Think
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