-
北京市中考英语英语
语法填空专题练习
(
及答案
)
一、英语语法填空
1
.
阅读下面材料
,
在空白处填入
1
个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
The
topic of this programme is environmental
protection. We human beings ________(do) a lot
of things at the cost of the
environment to develop economy quickly in the past
few years. I do
think it is time for us
to understand the ________(important) of
protecting the environment and
do
something about it. And today I would like
________(introduce) some simple but useful ways
that we can follow ________(easy) in
our daily life. Firstly, turn ________lights if it
is unnecessary.
Then, go out in
environment
﹣
friendly ways
such as by bus, by subway or by bike. We can even
walk to work when possible,________it
is really helpful for both of our budget and
health. Thirdly,
try best to
________(use)things like books, paper, magazines
and so on. And we can also take a
cloth
bag when we go ________(shop). Please don't use
plastic ones. Of course the public should
raise
environmental
awareness
and
realize
it
is
________(everyone)
duty
to
protect
the
environment.
Last
but
not
least,
the
government
should
make
laws
to
guide
people's
________(behave).
【答案】
have
done
;
importance
;
to
introduce
;<
/p>
easily
;
off
< br>;
because
;
use
p>
;
shopping
;
everyone's
;
behavior
【解析】
【分析】文章大意:我们人
类在过去的几年里为了快速发展经济,做了很多牺牲
环境的事情。我认为是时候让我们了
解保护环境并采取措施了。今天我想介绍一些简单但
有用的方法。首先,如果不必要,要
关闭灯。然后,绿色出行,比如坐公共汽车、坐地铁
或骑自行车。如果可能的话,我们甚
至可以步行去上班。第三,尽量使用如书籍、纸张、
杂志等这样的东西。当我们去购物时
,我们也可以带一个布袋。当然,公众应该提高环境
意识,认识到保护环境是每个人的责
任。最后,政府应该制定法律来指导人民的行为。
(
1
)句意:在过去的几年里,为了快速发展经
济,我们人类以牺牲环境为代价做了很多
事情。根据
in
the past few
years
,可知现在完成时态,现在完成时的结构是
have
done
。
主
语是复数,故答案是
have
done
。
(
2
)句意:我认为是时候让我们了解保护环境的重要性并采
取措施了。
the
importance
of.
,
p>
……
的重要性,固定搭配,故答案是
imp
ortance
。
(
3
)句意:今天,我想介绍一些简单但有用的方法,
would like to do
,想要干某事,固定
搭配,故答案是
to
introduce
。
(
4
)句意:我们可以在日常生活中很容易地遵循
。
副词修饰动词,
follow
p>
是动词,故答
案是
easily
。
(
5
)句意:首先,如果没有必要的,关闭灯。关掉,
t
urn off
,固定搭配,故答案是
off
< br>。
(
6
)句意:如果可能的话,我们甚至可以步行去上班,因为这对我们的预算和健康都很
有帮助。
这是一个原因状语从句,能
够构成原因状语从句的是
because
,故答案是
because
。
<
/p>
(
7
)句意:第三,尽量使用书籍、纸张
、杂志等物品。
try
best
to
do
,尽力做某事,固定
搭配,故答案是
use
。
(
8
)句意:我们也可以在购物时带一个布袋。
go
shoppi
ng
,去购物,固定搭配,故答案
是
s
hopping
。
(
9
)句意:当然,公众应该提高环境意识,认识到保
护环境是每个人的责任。
duty
名
词
,前面需要所有格,
每个人的,故答案是
everyone's
。
p>
(
10
)句意:最后,政府应该制定法律来
指导人们的行为。
people's
是名词所有格,后面
加名词,故答案是
behavior
。
【点评】考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力,
答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意,然
后细读文章,字斟句酌逐一作答,注意考
虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一
遍,检查验证。
2
.
阅读下
面短文,在空白处填人适当的内容
(
不多于
3
个单词
)
或括号内单词的正确形
式。
According to a study, about 85% of Grade 11
students in Canada have their own mobile phones.
About 52% of Grade 7 students and 24%
of Grade 4 students also carry mobile
phones.
In
many
schools,
students
must
turn
off
their
mobile
phones
and
leave
________
in
their
schoolbags during
school hours. Some schools even don't allow
students ________ (take) mobile
phones
to school.
Do you know why
these schools don't want students to use mobile
phones at school? One of the
main
________
(reason)
is
that
mobile
phones
can
distract(
使分心
)
students
________
their
study.
Many of these mobile phones are
Internet, send text messages, play
games, take ________ (photo) and listen to music.
Mr. Jackson
says,
cheat
(
作弊
) in tests, or to record
videos of teachers or other students and post them
online.
________, some
people have different opinions. They think mobile
phones are ________ (use)
at
school.
Students
can
use
them
in
class
________
(watch)
educational
videos
online.
Mobile
phones
can
be
especially
useful
in
the
schools
where
there
aren't
enough
computers.
What's
more,
some
parents
want
to
be
able
to
reach
their
children
during
the
day.
They
want
their
children to take mobile phones all the
time.
【答案】
them
;
to
take
;
reasons
;
p>
from
;
used
;
photos
;
worried<
/p>
;
However
;
useful
;
to
watch
【解析】
【分析】文章大意:短文谈
论了学生在学校带手机的问题,有人主张不允许带手
机,二另一部分人认为应该带,可以
帮助孩子们学习。
(
1
)句意:在许多学校,学生必须关闭手机,并把手机放在书包里。空缺处指
代的是
mobile phones
,在句中做宾语,因此使用
宾格人称代词
them
,故答案是
th
em
。
(
2
)句意:一些学校甚至不允许学生带手机去学校。
allow sb. to do sth.
允许某人做某事,
固定搭配,应使用动词不定式,故答案是
to
take
。
(
3
)句意
:一个主要的原因就是手机使学生对于学习分心。
reason
原因,可数名词,在
one of
结构中,应使用复数形式,故
答案是
reasons
。
(
4
)句意
:一个主要的原因就是手机使学生对于学习分心。
distract
sb.
from
sth.
分散某人
对于某物的注意力,固定搭配,故答案是
from
。
(
5
)句意:许多手机是智能手机,他们能用来上网,发短
信,玩游戏或者拍照。本句为
被动语态,在被动语态中,动词使用过去分词,故答案是<
/p>
used
。
(
6
)句意:许多手机是智能手机,他
们能用来上网,发短信,玩游戏或者拍照。
take
phot
os
拍照,固定搭配,故答案是
photos
< br>。
(
7
)句意:许多像我一样的老师担心学生在考试中用手机作弊,或者给老师或者学生录
像,并上传到网上。
are
后跟形容词
worried
作表语,故答案是
wo
rried
。
(
8
)句意:然而,一些人有不同的观点。后面陈述的与前
面陈述的意思是不一致的,应
是
只
用<
/p>
转
折
词
,
因
为
在
句
首
,
因
此
使
用
however
,
注
意
首
字
母
要
大
写
,
故
答
案
是
However
。
(
9
)句意
:他们认为手机在学校有用。
be
动词后需要使用形容词作表语
,因此将
use
改
为
< br>useful
,故答案是
useful
< br>。
(
10
)句意:学生可以在课上观看教学视频。看视频是使用手机的目的,应使用动词不
定
式做目的状语。故答案是
to
watch
。
【点评】考查词汇在语篇中的运用能力,答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握大意,然后
细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答,注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素,最后通读一遍检
查验证。
3
< br>.
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的内容
(
不多于
3
个单词
)
或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Britain you aren't allowed
________ (drive) a car until you are seventeen.
You have to get a
special driving
license ________ you can drive, When you're
learning, someone with a full license
always has to be in the car ________
you. You aren't allowed to drive the car on the
road alone.
You don't
have to go to a driving school. A friend can teach
you. The person who teaches you
isn't
allowed to take money ________ the lesson unless
he has got a teacher s license.
You have to take a ________ (drive)
test to have a full license. If you don't pass the
test, you
will be allowed to take it
again a few weeks later if you want to. In 1970, a
woman passed her
________ (forty) test
after 212 driving lessons! When you have passed
your test, you are allowed
to go on
driving as long ________ you like, if you are
________ (health). Britain's ________ (old)
driver was a man who drove in 1974 at
the age of 100. Before 1904, everyone was allowed
to
drive, even ________ (child). From
then on car drivers must have licenses.
【答案】
to drive
;
before
;
with
;
for
;
driving
;
fortieth
;
as
;
healthy
;
oldest
;
children
【解析】
【分析】本文介绍了英国在
开车上路之前考取驾照的情况。
(
1
)句意:
在英国,直到
17
岁你才被允许开车。
be allowed to do
,固定搭配,允许做某
p>
事,故此处是不定式,故填
to
drive
。
(
2
)句意:
你
必须得到一张特殊的驾驶执照才能开车。根据常识,
开车前要考驾照,之
前
before
,
故填
before
。
(
3
)句意:
当你学习的时候,一个有驾照的人总是必须在你的车里和你在一起。根据
has to be in the car
p>
可知是和某人在车里,是介词,
with
,
故填
with
。
(
4
)句意:
除非有教师执照,否则教你的人不允许为了钱上课。
for
p>
,介词表示目的,为
了
,
故填
for
。
(
5
)句意:
必须参加驾驶考试才能获得驾照。
test
是名词其前是形容词,此处是动名词
做定语,表示用途
,
故填
driving
。
(
6
)句意:
1970
年,一名女子经过
212
p>
节驾驶课,通过了第
40
次考试!
根据限定词
her
可知此处是序数词,
forty
是基数词,
fortieth
是序数词
,
故填
fortieth
。
(
7
)句意:
如果你健康,当你通过考试后,只要你喜欢你可以继续驾驶。
a
s
long
as
,固
定搭配,只要,故填
as
。
<
/p>
(
8
)句意:
如
果你健康,当你通过考试后,只要你喜欢你可以继续驾驶。
are
系动词后是
形容词,
health
是
名词,
healthy
是系动词
,
故填
healthy
。
(
9
)句意:
英国最老的司机是
1974
年
100
岁时开车的人。
driver
是名词其前是形容词,
此处根据
100
岁可知是最老的司机,用形容词最高级
,
故填
oldest
。
(
10
)句
意:
1904
年以前,每个人都被允
许开车,甚至是小孩。
此处是名词复数表示泛
指,
child
的复数是
children
,
故填
children
。
【点评】考查语法填空,注意非谓语动词,词性,连词搭配等
多种用法。
4
.
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入
1
个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was early and there weren't many
people on the road. A girl on a bike passed me
________
(quick). She was riding on ice
________ suddenly she fell off her bike a few
________ (step) in
front
of
me.
She
was
trying
hard
to
get
up
but
fell
again.
Without
thinking,
I
went
over
and
helped her stand up. She
said
words
school.
When
I finally got to school, I was led into the
classroom and ________ (ask) to sit beside a girl.
I was so nervous. I knew some of the
students were looking at me ________ I didn't dare
to look
at
________
(they).
Soon
the
first
class
started.
It
was
English.
They
used
a
different
textbook
from my old school
and I didn't have a copy. As I was wondering what
to do, a book appeared in
front
of
me.
________
(share),
the
girl
next
to
me
said.
I
looked
up.
It
was
the
girl
I
________ (help) that morning. What a
surprise!
【答案】
qu
ickly
;
when
;
steps
;
with
;<
/p>
less
;
asked
< br>;
but
;
them
;
share
;
help
ed
【解析】
【分析】本文讲
述了作者帮助了一个女孩,后来女孩也机缘巧合的帮助了他。
(
1
)句意:
一个骑自行车的女孩从我身边迅速经过。副词修饰动词
pass
ed
,
quickly
是副
词,迅速地,故填
quickly
。
(
2
)句意:
她正骑在冰上,就在那时突然她从我前面几步远的自行车上摔了下来。根据
She was
riding
和
suddenly she fell of
f
,可知用
when
引导时间状语从句
,表示就在那时,故
填
when
。
p>
(
3
)句意:她
正骑在冰上,就在那时突然她从我前面几步远的自行车上摔了下来。
a
few
修饰名词复数,
step
是名词,步子,故填
steps
。
(
4
)句意:
她对我微笑着说
“
谢谢你!
”
,然后骑车离去。
with a smile<
/p>
,固定搭配,含笑,
故填
with
。
(
5
)句意:
“
谢谢你
”
这
句话温暖了我,这让我对我的新学校感到不那么紧张。此处是比
较级表示看到微笑前后的
不同心情,
little
的比较级是
l
ess
,更少,故填
less
。
(
6
)句意:
当我最终到达学校时,我被带进教室,并要求坐在一个女孩旁边。
根据
was
led
into
the
classroom
and
可知
p>
and
前后一致,都是一般过去时的被动语态,故此处省略助
动词
was
,只填过去分词,故填
asked
。
(
7
)句意:
我知道有些学生看着我,但我不敢看他们。根据
student
s
were
looking
at
me
和
I didn't
dare to look at
,可知此处表示转折关系,故填
but
。
(
8
)句意:我知道有些学生看着我,但我不敢看他们。根据
,故填
them
。
(
9
)句意:
我旁边的女孩说
:“
我们一起用吧。<
/p>
”
let
后是动词原形,
share
,是动词,分
享,故填
< br>share
。
(
10
)句意:
是我那天早上帮助的那个女孩。
根据
It
was
the
girl
,可知时态是一般过
去
时,故填
helped
。
【点评】考查语言综合运用能力,注意谓语的时态,语态,词性,连词搭
配等多种用法。
5
.
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形
式,每空
最多两个词。
One
day,
Thomas
Edison
came
home
from
school
and
gave
a
letter
to
his
mother.
He
________ (tell)
her,
teacher
gave
this
letter
to
me
and
asked
me
to
give
it
to
my
mother
only.
child,
son
is
a
genius
(
天才
).
This
school
is
too
small
________ him
and
doesn't
have
enough good teachers to train him.
Please teach him ________ (you).
Many
years
after
Edison's
mother
had
died,
Edison
became
one
of
the
________
(great)
inventors
of
the
century.
One
day,
he was
going
through
the
old
closet (
壁柜
)
and
he
found
a
folded
letter
which
________ (give)
to
him
by
his
teacher
for
his
mother.
He
opened
it.
The
message ________ (write) on the letter
was,
精神上
) ill. We cannot let
him
attend our school any more, he has
to leave the school.
________ surprised
and
excited Edison
was
after
reading
it!
And
then
he
wrote
in
his
diary,
century
________(success).
【答案】
told
< br>;
mother's
;
the<
/p>
;
for
;
yo
urself
;
greatest
;<
/p>
was
given
;
< br>written
;
How
;
p>
successfully
【解析
】
【分析】文章大意:托马斯
·
爱迪生
放学回家,他的老师把一封信只给他母亲。当
她大声地读信给他时,母亲的眼睛里充满了
泪水,
“
你的儿子是个天才。
”
这所学校太小
了,没有足够的好老师来训练他。请你自己教他。
”
爱迪生母亲去世多年后,爱迪生成为本
世纪
最伟大的发明家之一。有一天,他穿过旧壁橱,发现一封叠好的信,是老师给他妈妈
的。
他打开了它。信上写着:
“
你儿子精神病了。我们不能让他再进
我们学校了,他必须离
开学校。
”
爱迪
生看完后是多么的惊讶和兴奋!然后他在日记中写道:
“
托马斯
·
阿尔瓦
·
爱
迪
生是个精神病儿童,但他的母亲成功地把他变成了本世纪的天才。
”
(
1
)考查一般过去时。句意:他告诉她,
“
我的老师把这封信给了我,让我把它只给我母
亲。
”
根据上句中的谓语动词
came
和
gave
,可知要用一般过去时,
tell
的过去式
told
,故
答案为:
told
。
(
2
)考查
名词所有格。句意:当她大声读给孩子的信时,他母亲的眼睛里满是泪水。
eyes
p>
与
mother
之间是所属关系,要用名词
所有格。
mother's
,故答案为:
mother's
。
(
3
)考查不定冠词。句意:当她大声读给孩子的
信时,他母亲的眼睛里满是泪水。根据
My teacher
gave this letter to me
,可知这里妈妈读的信,是特指老师给
她的那封,表特指用
定冠词
the
,故
答案为:
the
。
(
4
)考查
介词。句意:这所学校太小了,没有足够的好老师来训练他。句子的谓语动词
is
,
him
是宾格,要用介词,根据句意,对于
,要用
for
,答案为:
for
。
(
5
)考查反身代词。句意:请你自己教他。爱迪生母亲去世多年后,爱迪生
成为本世纪
最伟大的发明家之一。由句子结构可知,祈使句,相当于省略主语
you
,是指爱迪生母
亲,要用反身代词
yourself
作状语,故答案为:
you
rself
。
(
6
)考查形容词最高级。句意:爱迪生母亲去世多年后,
爱迪生成为本世纪最伟大的发
明家之一。根据
one of t
he+
形容词最高级
+
可数名词复数<
/p>
+
比较范围。
......
之一,固定句型。
要用最高级
greatest
p>
,故答案为:
greatest
。
(
7
)考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:他穿过旧壁橱,发现一封叠好的信,是老师给
< br>他妈妈的。由句子结构可知,由
which
引导的定语从
句,先行词
a
folded
letter
与
give
之
间是被动关系,且主句的谓语动词
found
,要用一般过去时的被动语态,
be
p>
(
was/were
)
+
过去分词。主语是
a
folded
letter
,单数,
be
要用
w
as
,
give
的过去分词
given
,故答案
为:
was given
。
(
8
)考查过去分词。句意:信上写着:
“
你儿子精神病了。我们不能让他再进我们学校
了,他必须离开学校。句子的谓语动词是
was
,
write
是非谓语动词,且天河
message<
/p>
与
write
之间是被动关系,要用过去
分词作定语,
write
的过去分词
w
ritten
,故答案为:
written
。
(
9
)考查感叹句。句意:爱迪生看完后是多么的惊讶和兴奋!根据本句句末的
标点符号
可知,感叹句。由
surprised and excited
,
可知是并列的形容词,对形容词感
叹,要用副
词
how
,句子开头,要大
写,故答案为:
How
。
(
p>
10
)考查副词。句意:托马斯
·
阿尔瓦
·
爱迪生是个精神病儿童,但他的母亲成
功地把他
变成了本世纪的天才。由句子结构可知,修饰动词
tu
rn
,要用副词。
success
,
成功,名
词;形容词
successful
;副词
successfully
。故答案为:
successfully
。
【点评】考查语法填空。主要涉及的名词所有格、副词、形容
词最高级、一般过去时的被
动语态、感叹句等。
6
.
语法填空
From deserts and
beaches to playgrounds, sand is a common sight.
But you might not know
that
sand
is
also
a
useful
resource.
Sand
is
the
second
most-
used
resource
in
the
world
after
water, the BBC reported. However, the
UN said that sand is not limitless and that we
might be
running out of
________.
Sand is made
up of very small ________ (piece) of rock, soil
and minerals(
矿物质
). It can
take
tens of thousands of years to
form. But now we are using sand more________
(quick) than it is
being
formed.
According
to
the
BBC,
we
use
about
15
billion
tons
of
sand
every
year
________ build
houses,
roads
and
other
things.
People
also
put
sand
in
the________ [si:]
to
make
new
islands.
For
example,
the
Palm
islands
are
made
up
of
three________ [l
ɑ?d?]
man
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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