北京市2018年中考英语试题(含解析)

B

、

C

、

D

个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. My brother and I like football. play it together once a week.

A. I B. They C. We D. You

2. Happy birthday, Peter! Here’s a gift

you.

A. for B. in C. with D. from

3.

——

do you usually go to school, Mary?

——

By bike.

A. When B. How C. Where D. Why

4. Many people like pandas they are cute.

A. though B. if C. while D. because

5. I go now, or I'll miss my train.

A. can B. might C. must D. could

6. Tony is of the three boys, but he is the tallest.

A. young B. younger C. youngest D. the youngest

7. Bill likes reading. He picture books with his dad every evening.

A. read B. reads C. is reading D. has read

8.

——

Paul, what were you doing at nine Last night?

——

I a movie in the cinema with my friends.

1

A. was watching B. watch C. have watched D. will watch

9. David a tennis player,He to play tennis when he was six years o1d.

A. begins B. will begin C. began D. has begun

10.

——

Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?

——

Yes,he history for nearly 20 years.

A. teaches B. has taught C. is teaching D. will teach

11. A new international airport in the city next year.

A. completes B. is completed

C. will complete D. will be completed

12.

——

Alice, could you tell me London?

——

Sure. Last Sunday

A.

when left B. when wi11 leave

C. when did leave D. when will leave

二、完形填空（共

8

分，每小题

1

分）

< br>

阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的的

< br>A

、

B

、

C

、

D

四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

Real Solutions

（解决方法）

to Problems

Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eager to learn.

The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problems

One

day,

the

team

was

called

for

a 13 in

a

hall.

They

were

quite

surprised

and

all

reached

the hall holding various 14 . As they entered, they found a box placed in the center, full

of flat balloons

The manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. Then they were asked to write

their

names

on

their

respecti ve(

各自的

)balloons 15 so

that

the

ball

oons

wouldn’t

blow

out.

All tried, but not everyone was 16 . Five balloons blew out due to pressure

（压力）

.

Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were 17 out

of the game. As a result, 25 engineers came to the next level. All the

balloons carrying their names were 18 and then put into a room, here

and there.

The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on,

2

All

the

25

engineers

began

to

search

for

the

respective

balloons

in

a

rush.

It

was

almost

15

minutes

but no one was able to 19 the right one. The second level of the game was over.

Then

came

the

final

level.

the

engineers

were

asked

to

pick

any

balloon

and

give

it

to

person

named

on

the

balloon.

Within

a

couple

of

minutes,

all

balloons 20 the

hands

of

the

respective

engineers.

The

manager

announced

this

was

the

real

solution

to

the

problem.

Many

times

in

our

life,sharing

and helping others give us real solutions to problems.

13.

14.

es

tions

lly

d

d

t

ts

ly

t

y

sful

d

d

15..

y

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

d

ted

阅读理解（共

36

分）

三、阅读下列短文．根 据短文内容，从文后各所给的

A

、

B< /p>

、

C

、

D

四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共

26

分，< /p>

每小题

2

分）

A

Roger:Hi,there

！

It

was

my

15th

birthday

last

of

my

friends

and

cousin

，

came

to

celebrate

it.

Everyone

brought

me

a

gift,we

played

games

，

sang

songs

and

had

a

big

birthday

cake. It was really a wonderful day! Did you do anything special last week?

Jessica:Yes,My class were on a school field trip last ,We went to the University

of North Carolina to learn about the history of its basketball team. Many basketball stars

were students there. Then we visited a museum. We learned about how the plane was invented

and took many pictures there.

3

Sara:Well,

I

was

lucky

enough

to

go

to

a

conference

（会议）

on

charity(

慈善

)

last

Wednesday.

I was excited to meet a lot of kind people there. One of them was a boy named Richard. He

spoke at the conference about the charity work that he had done in the past few years.

Martin:It

was

a

different

week

than

usual,Last

Thursday,

my

school

band

（乐队）

went

to

Atlanta

to perform in a competition.I played the violin and we won a prize! On Friday we went to the

Georgia

Aquarium

and

got

to

see

different

kinds

of

sea

life

from

over

the

world.

It

was

really

cool!

21. When did Roger have his birthday party?

Wednesday B. last thursday

Friday Saturday.

22

．

Who went on a school field trip last week?

. a d.

went to Atlanta

at a conference ze a party

m in a competition a university

B

A Beautiful Moment

When

I

was

in

high

school.I

worked

part-time

helping

Dad

sell

fruits

and

vegetables

at

a

matket.

One

day

，

as

I

was

preparing

the

fruits.

A

little

boy

came

by

with

his

mom

and

sister.

He

was about

eight years old

，

and the or six. They were looking the fruits in front of me. I heard

the kids say to their mom(in French),

and understand it.

Then I noticed how mom was picking the first I thought she was really looking at

the fruits because she was facing them. But then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell

each one as she picked them out. And often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked way above

where his face was. Putting what I saw together,I was sure she was blind.

Both

of

the

kids

continued

to

help

their

mom

pick

out

the

fruits

.The

son

made

sure

the

fruits

were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one

4

and

smiled,

and

the

daughter

would

put

them

into

their

basket

.The

kids

were

smiling

while

helping

their mom pick the fruits out.

Their

smile

and

gentle

manner

moved

me

in

a

way

that

never

happened

before

.It

was

so

beautiful

to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that

age

would be picking out candies or

toys

in a store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits as the two kids did.

It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I d

idn’t tell the mom how

beautiful her children were in their language .this is what I regret to this day.

24. The women and her kids came to the market to buy .

A. fruits B. vegetables C. candies D. toys

25. According to what he sa

w, the writer was sure the mother couldn’t

.

A. speak B. see C. smell D. hear

26. The writer was moved because .

A. the mother was brave to face her problems.

B. the kids were polite and kind to each other

C. the mother was careful in picking out things

D. the kids were so willing to help their mother

C

Some primary schoolchildren have been raised

in homes with more green

space around. They are

likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These

differences

are

associated(

关联

)

with

beneficial

effects

on

cognitive

function

(

认知功能

)

.

This

is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.

The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain .Lifelong exposure(

接触

) to green

space

in

the

living

places

was

recorded

—using

the

information

on

the

children’s

addresses

from

birth

up

through

to

the

time

of

the

study.

Brain

structure

was

studied

using

3D

magnetic

resonance

imaging (MRI). Working memory and inattentiveness(

注意力不集中

)were graded with computers.

“This

is

the

first

study

that

shows

the

association

between

long

-term

exposure

to

green

space

and

brain

structure.”

Says

Dr.

Payam

Dadvand,

the

leading

researcher

of

the

study,

“Our

findings

suggest that exposure to green space

early in life could result in beneficial structural changes

in the brain.”

5

The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white

and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores

on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead

to better working memory and less inattentiveness.

Exposure

to

nature

has

been

thought

to

be

necessary

for

brain

development

in

children.

Another

study

of

2,593

children

shows

that

children

in

school

with

more

green

space

have

a

greater

increase

in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.

Humans

are

believed

to

be

tied

to

nature.

Playing

in

greener

areas

offers

children

opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to

prompt important

exercises

in

discovery,

creativity

and

risk

taking.

These

exercises

in

turn

positively

influence

brain development.

Dr. Dadvand’s study suggests how suc

h structural changes could bring about the beneficial

effects of green spaces on cognitive development, it also adds to the proof that suggests the

lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing

greenness in cities.

Further

studies

are

needed

to

prove

the

findings

in

other

populations,

settings

and

climates.

And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.

27. The second paragraph is mainly about .

A. how the study was performed B. what was recorded in the study

C. how long the study lasted D. who took part in the study

28. The word “prompt” in paragraph 6 probably means “

“.

A. control B. encourage C. balance D. change

29. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.

B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.

C. Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain.

D. Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.

D

We

often

reach

a

point

in

our

life

when

we

should

be

ready

for

change

that

will

help

us

unlock

6

our

self-

improvement

power.

However,

there’s

always

something

staring

at

us

right

unde

r

our

nose

but we don’t see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self

-improvement power is when

everything gets worst.

When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our shirts and jeans would fit

us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When

do

we

realize

that

we

need

to

stop

smoking?

When

our

lungs

have

gone

bad.

We

see

the

warning

signs

and signals when things get rough and difficult.

The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the

whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but

change becomes more painful when we ignore(

忽视

) it

，

Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another. we are all going to finally

unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so. But because we realize it's for

our own good.

Happy

people

don’t

just

accept

change;

they

embrace

(拥抱

)it.

Unlocking

our

self-improvement

power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such

a poor excuse for people who fear change.

Jane always tells everyone that she doesn't have the courage to be around groups of people.

She heard her family

tell the same things about

her to other

people.

Over the years,

that is

what

Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room.

Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!

Self-

improvement

may

not

be

everybody’s

favorite

word,

but

if

we

look

at

things

in

a

different

way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days

until

we

are

fully

improved.

Three

sessions

in

a

week

at

the

gym

would

result

in

a

healthier

life.

Reading

books

every

day

would

build

up

knowledge.

And

only

when

we

are

enjoying

the

whole

process

of

unlocking

our

self-

improvement

power

will

we

realize

that

we’re

beginning

to

take

things

light

and become happy.

30. The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that .

A. we learn our lessons when we experience pain.

B. we are responsible for the problems we meet.

7

C. life fails us when we get into the wrong way.

D. life is a long journey full of ups and downs.

31. What is the key to solving Jane’s problem?

A. She needs to remember why she started.

B. She has to know how to get on with people.

C. She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.

D. She needs to understand the importance of confidence.

32. The writer probably agrees that .

A. the world tells us how to improve ourselves.

B. people change when they find it easy to do that.

C. welcoming change in life is a drive to become better.

D. enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler.

33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Is it important to take things light?

B. Is it necessary to embrace challenges?

C. To hold on to the last moment or to give up?

D. To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?

四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．

（共

10

分，每小题

2

分）

When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is

no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?

In

the

A,

B,

C,

D

and

F

grading

system,

the

first

four

letters

are

typically

considered

passing

grades. An F in this system simply

stands for“fail”.The word“fail”happens to start with the

letter

F,

which

seems

to

leave

out

the

letter

E.

The

fact”

．

Some

schools

have

U

grade

for“unsatisfactory”,or I grade for “incomplete”.

Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been

used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.

The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we

use

today

is

Mount

Holyoke

College.

In

1897,they

began

to

use

the

following

grading

scale:

8

A: 95-100%(excellent) B: 85-94%(good) C: 76-84%(fair)

D: 75%(barely passed) E: below 75%(failed)

We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.

Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many

schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to is no evidence(

证据

) to really

support this,but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and

parents might mistake E for “excellent”.

Why

do

we

have

letter

grades?

Well,part

of

the

reason

is

that

they

made

grading

simpler

during

a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began,growing cities and an increase in

immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter

grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.

Today,more and more people argue that letter grades don’t fully reflect(反映

) student

learning

。

However

，

as

teachers

try

to

improve

grading

methods,many

parents

continue

to

favor

the

letter grades they got as kids, they are familiar(

熟悉

) and easy for parents to understand. So

while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren’t going away any time soon.

does an F stand for in the A

、

B

、

C

、

D and F grading system?

was the letter grading system first used in the US college?

is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?

did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?

do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?

书面表达（共< /p>

10

分）

五、 文段表达

(10

分

)

39.

从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于

50

词的文段写作，文中已给

出内容不计入 总数．所给提示词语仅供选用，请不要写出你的校名和姓名。

假如你是李华，你们学校要举办一场关于京剧的讲座，你打算邀请你们班交换生

Pete r

参加，请用英

语写一封电子邮件，告诉他讲座时间和地点以及 需要做什么准备。

提示词语：

lec ture

（讲座）

,invite,information, question,online

提示问题：·When and where will you

have the lecture?

9

Dear peter,

How is it going?

There’ll be a lecture on

Peking Opera in our school.

If there is anything that I can do, please let me know.

Yours,

LiHua

·what do you advise Peter to prepare for it?

“静以 修身，俭以养德”，勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德，无论生活富足与否，我们都应该提倡节

俭，拒绝浪费。

某英文网站在开展以“节约是美德”为主 题的征文活动，

假如你是李华，

请用英语写一篇短文投稿．

谈

谈生活中你是怎么做的，以这样做的意义。

提示词语：

thrifty(

节约 的

).

（美德）

提示问题：·What do you do in yo

ur daily life

？

It’s one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty.

·why do you do so？

10