-
2017
年研究生学位真题
Part II Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10
points)
Section A ( 0.5
point each)
21. Thousands
of people left
their rural
homes and flocked into the
cities to
live beside the
new
factories.
A dashed
B filed
C strolled
D swarmed
22. Nothing can be more absurd than to
say that human beings are doomed.
A compelling
B rational
C
ridiculous
D ambiguous
23. The Chinese government
continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-
existence.
A
support
B restrict
C raise
D modify
24.
Patie
nts are expected to comply with
doctors’ instructions for quick recovery.
A improve on
B abide by
C draw upon
D
reflect on
25. Scientists
have achieved findings substantial enough to
remove our fear of GM foods.
A abundant
B controversial
C conductive
D
convincing
26. Those
students who have made adequate preparations for
the test will be better off.
A more wealthy
B less successful
C dismissed earlier
D favorably positioned
you
hold
on
to
a
winning
attitude,
you’ll
make
a
greater
effort
and
also
create
positive
momentum.
A influence
B
strength
C outlook
D consequence
28. Academic integrity is deemed
essential to those devoted to scientific
researches.
A
believed
B discarded
C advocated
D confirmed
29.
Customers in these markets of antiques are good at
slashing prices.
A assessing
B cutting
C
elevating
D altering
30. The public attached
great importance to the news that prices of
housing would be brought under
control
.
A joined
B ascribed
C
fastened
D diverted
Section
B
(0.5 point each)
31. It takes a year for the earth to
make each ___ , or revolution, around the sun.
A tour
B travel
C visit
D trip
32.
___this dull life, the full-time mom decided to
find a part-time job.
A Tied up with
B
Fed up with
C Wrapped up in
D Piled up with
33. In the letter, my friend said that
he would love to have me as a guest in his ___
home.
A humble
B obscure
C inferior
D
lower
34. Tom is sick of
city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far
from _____ as possible.
A humidity
B
humanity
C harmony
D honesty
35. As an important ___ for our
emotions and ideas, music an play a huge role in
our life.
A
vessel
B vest
C venture
D
vehicle
36. The day is
past
when the country can
afford to
give high school
diploma to
all who ___ six
years of instruction.
A set about
B run for
C sit
through
D make for
37. The wages of manual
laborers stay painfully low, meaning
digitalization could
drive an even
deeper ___ between the rich and poor.
A boundary
B difference
C wedge
D
variation
38. A farmer must
learn the kinds of crops best ___ the soils on his
farm.
A
accustomed to
B committed
to
C applied to
D suited to
39.
The sun is so large that if it were ___, it would
hold a million earths.
A elegant
B immense
C
hollow
D clumsy
40. This patient’s life could be saved
only by a major operation. That would ___her to a
high risk.
A
expose
B lead
C contribute
D
send
Part III
Cloze Test
( 10 points, 1
point each)
Harvard
University’s
under
-graduate
is
being
reformed
so
that
it
includes
some
time
spent
outside the US and more science
courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has
reported. For the
first time in 30
years, Harvard is
41
its under-graduate
curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the
faculty of arts and sciences, said this
42
what many people had said that
Harvard’s curriculum
did not provide
enough choice and encourage premature
specialization.
“Harvard
needs
to
43
its
education
for
a
world
where
global
connections,
cross
disc
iplinary research, and
science in general are ever more important,” said
Kirby.
Particularly
44
is the idea
that students need to spend time overseas, either
in a traditional
study-abroad program
or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or
research.
Students can either find the program
themselves or
45
some exchange programs
offered by
the university.
“
46
”
studying Chinese history without leaving the
university, students interested in the
subject should be spending a semester
at a uni
versity in China.”
It
was
also
recommended
that
Harvard
47
its
required
“core
curriculum”.
The
core
curriculum was an effort created in
1978 to broaden education by requiring students to
choose from
a
list
of
courses
in
several
areas
of
study.
Classes
often
focused
on
a
highly
48
topic
and
emphasized “ways of
knowing.”
Under a new plan, the
curriculum would be replaced with a set of
49
“Harvard College
Courses”,
emphasizing
knowledge
over
methodology
and
50
wider
territory.
A
life
sciences
course,
for
example,
might
combine
molecular
and
evolutionary
biology
and
psychology,
rather
than focusing on one of those, said
Bebedict Gross, Harward College dean.
41. A reviewing
B inspecting
C searching
D underlying
42.
A in accordance with
B
in
line with
C in response to
D in charge of
43. A uphold
B update
C upset
D upward
44. A note-worthy
B trust-worthy
C praise-worthy
D reward-worthy
45. A turn out
B turn in
C turn
over
D turn to
46. A In spite of
B As if
C Rather than
D
Let alone
47. A perish
B destroy
C
denounce
D abolish
48. A appropriate
B imaginative
C specific
D special
49. A
optional
B
optical
C opposite
D optimistic
50. A sparing
B
spiraling
C sparkling
D spanning
Part IV Reading
Comprehension ( 45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point
each)
Passage One
A
report published recently brings bad news about
air pollution.
It suggests that it
could be as
damaging to our health as
exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine
nuclear power disaster.
The report was
published by the UK Royal Commission on
Environmental Pollution. But what can
city people do to reduce exposure to
air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns out.
Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose
side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels
can fall a
considerable amount just by
moving a few meters away from the main pollution
source----exhaust
fumes. Also
don
’
t walk behind smokers.
Walk on the windward side of the street where
exposure to
pollutants can be 50
percent less than on the downwind side.
Sitting on
the
driver
’
s side of
a bus
can increase
your
exposure by 10 percent,
compared
with
sitting on the side
nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a
double-decker can reduce exposure. It
is difficult to say whether traveling
on an underground train is better or worse than
taking the bus.
Air
pollution
on
underground
trains
tends
to
be
less
toxic
than
that
at
street
level,
because
underground pollution is mostly made up
of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting
the rails.
But diesel and petrol fumes
have a mixture of pollutants.
When
you
are
crossing
a
road,
stand
well
back
from
the
curb
while
you
wait
for
the
light
to
change. Every meter really does count
when you are close to traffic. As the traffic
begins to move,
fumes can be reduced in
just a few seconds. So holding your breath for
just a moment can make a
difference,
even though it might sound silly.
There
are
large
sudden
pollution
increases
during
rush
hours.
Pollution
levels
fall
during
nighttime. The time
of year also makes a big difference. Pollution
levels tend to be at their lowest
during
spring
and
autumn
when
winds
are
freshest.
Extreme
cold
or
hot
weather
has
a
trapping
effect
and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.
51. What is the passage
mainly about?
A
How to fight air pollution in big cities.
B How to avoid air
pollution in big cities.
C How serious air pollution is in big
cities. D How to breathe fresh air in big cities.
52. According to the
report, air pollution in big cities ____
A can be more serious than
Chernobyl nuclear disaster.
B cannot be compared with the disaster
in Chernobyl.
C can be more
serious that we used to think .
D can release as damaging radiation as
the Chernobyl disaster.
53.
When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on
the side ____
A where the
wind is going .
B where the
wind is coming.
C where the wind is weaker
D where the wind is stronger
54. If you take a bus in a
big city in China, you should sit _____
A on the right side in the
bus
B on the
left side of the bus .
C in
the middle of the bus
D at the back
of the bus
55. It is
implied in the passage that ____
A people should not take street level
transportation
Ｂ
tiny iron particles will not cause
health problems.
Ｃ
traveling on an
underground train is better than taking the bus.
D air pollution
on an underground train is less poisonous.
56. While waiting to cross
a busy street, you should ____
A wait a few seconds until the fumes
reduce.
B stay
away from the traffic as far as possible.
C hold you
breath until you get to the other side of the
street.
D count
down for the light to change.
Passage Two
The
patient
needed
a
spinal
tap,
and
a
senior
attending
physician
asked
a
medical
resident
whether a preparatory blood test had
been checked. The medical student was stunned to
hear him
answer in the affirmative,
because she was quite certain it had not been
checked.
Well, almost certain.
Doctors
in
training
sometimes
confront
situations
in
which
they
worry
that
their
supervising
physicians
are
making
mistakes
or
bending
the
truth.
Yet
even
though
such
acts
can
jeopardize
patients, the inclination and ability
of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the
hierarchies in
teaching hospitals.
On
the top were the senior physicians who made rounds
on the wards once or twice daily. Next
were the overworked. Residents, who
essentially lived in the hospital while training.
Last were the
medical students who were
most assuredly a the bottom of the heap.
The
students whose resident seemingly lied to the
attending physician about the blood test did not
speak up. The resident was a
good doctor, she
said,
and so she had
given him the
benefit
of the
doubt. And,
she added, both the resident and the attending
physician would be grading her.
What should a medical
student do in such a situation ? One possibility
is to take the matter up
with a more
senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to
the patient or family, telling them that
the physicians have a genuine
disagreement and that they deserve to know about
it.
These options seem logical on paper. As
the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The
Hastings
Center Report, “The practice
of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring.”
But in the real world, it
may be
extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.
Fortunately, medical educators are
increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors
in training
confront
when
they
witness
behavior
that
makes
them
uncomfortable.
Students
and
residents
are
now
expected
to
provide
routine
feedback
----positive
and
negative
---about
their
supervising
physicians at
the close of their rotation.
Of
course,
physicians
and
students
need
to
be
educated
about
how
to
give
feedback
in
professional and nonconfrontational
ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to
teach this
skill. Still, it will be
hard to change the unfortunate perception that
constructive feedback, even for a
patient’s benefit, is
whistle
-blowing.
57. As mentioned in the passage, the
hospital hierarchy ____
A
is useful to the people on the lower layer.
B is built on a
performance-reward system.
C is a barrier to the exchange of
medical views.
D is an effective way of teaching
medical views.
58. “the
benefit of the doubt” in Paragraph 5 shows that
_____
A the
student was not quite certain that she was right.
B the resident
did not respond to the student’s doubt.
C the student
was denied the chance to doubt the superior.
D the
resident benefited from the student’s
suggestion.
59. James
Dwyer’s words mean that ____
A students should learn to
speak both kindly and professionally.
B students should challenge
the superior for the benefit of patients.
C students
should retain their faith even after facing some
difficulties.
D
students should be educated on who to care more
about the patients.
60.
What is the attitude of medical educators toward
teaching students to give feedback?
A Confused
B Indifferent
C
Reluctant
D Enthusiastic
61. The author tends to
believe that the problem faced by medical students
____
A will remain for a
long time
B
will disappear in the near future.
C should not be
exaggerated.
D
can’t be solved successfully.
62. The passage focuses on ___