2019年北京市中考英语试卷及答案

(

文明

)

develop through forgetting life skills that were

once

necessary

.

In

the

Agricultur al

(

农业的

)

Age,

a

farmer

could

afford

to

forget

hunting

skills

.

When

societies

industrialized,

the

knowledge

of

farming

could

be

safe

to

forget

.

Nowadays,

smart

machines

give

us

access

to

most

human

knowledge

.

It

seems

that

we

no

longer need to remember most things

.

Does it matter?

英语试卷

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Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen

.

For one, human beings

have

biases

(

偏见

)

,

and

smart

machines

are

likely

to

increase

our

biases

.

Many

people

believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through

a repeated testing and scoring process

.

In the process, human beings still decide on the correct

answers

.

Another

problem

relates

to

the

ease

of

accessing

information

.

When

there

were

no

computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library

.

We

know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads

.

But today, the

Internet gives us the information we need quickly

.

This can lead to the mistaken belief

—

the

knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along

.

In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory

networks where information is stored

.

But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of

being harmed easily

.

The

collapse

of any of the networks of relations our well-being

(

健康

)

depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results

.

Without food we get

hungry;

without

energy

we

feel

cold

.

And

it

is

through

widespread

loss

of

memory

that

civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age

.

We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills

.

As long as the older forms

of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them,

perhaps they're not really forgotten

.

Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably

become strangers to future people

.

30

.

Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases?

A

.

Because they go off course in testing and scoring

.

B

.

Because we control the training process on them

.

C

.

Because we offer them too much information

.

D

.

Because they overuse the provided answers

.

31

.

The ease of accessing information from the Internet________

.

A

.

frees us from making efforts to learn new skills

B

.

prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed

C

.

misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge

D

.

separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines

32

.

The word

collapse

.

A

.

a sudden failure

B

.

the basic rule

C

.

a disappointing start

D

.

the gradual development

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33

.

What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?

A

.

To question about the standards of

information storage

.

B

.

To discuss our problems of communication with machines

.

C

.

To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability

.

D

.

To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember

.

四、阅读短文， 根据短文内容回答问题。

(

共

10

分，每小题

2

分

)

Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected

Ice

covers

much

of

the

Arctic

Ocean< /p>

(

北冰洋

).

Some

pieces

of

ice

are

huge,

like

moving

islands

.

As

temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice

has

begun

to

disappear

.

Scientists

have

discovered

huge waves

(

海浪

)

in the arctic waters

.

The

waves

were

discovered

by

accident

in

May,

2010

.

Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip

.

They wanted to study

the icy waters

.

On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles

from the small island of Hopen

.

Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the ice

.

(

裂缝

)

around,

remembers

.

He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe

.

The farther in they went, he

thought,

the

harder

the

ice

would

become

.

As

they

pushed

forward,

however,

the

ship

experienced small waves, and then bigger ones

.

Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the

ship into thousands of smaller pieces

.

Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high

.

The

ship's navigation

(

航行

)

system finally recorded the largest waves

.

They were more than 20

feet in height

.

The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and

down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour

.

Scientists had never imagined

that the process could happen so fast

.

The waves in these areas used to be small

.

The

speed

and

force

of

the huge

waves

there

makes

it

impossible

to

know

in

advance

when they are coming

.

That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who

are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them

.

Wildlife like polar bears

and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger

.

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