-
在英语中,
有很多量词词组,
例如:
a group of
,
a flock
of
,
a bunch
of
,
a bundle
of
等等。
为了方便广大英语学习者更好地掌握,
本文对量词词组粗略地归纳了以
下的特点,具体表现为:
特点一:英语量词词组所表示的数或量,大致可归纳为四种类
型,即定量、不定
量、大量和少量。
1
.表示定量的量词词组,譬如:
a couple of
(两个、<
/p>
一对)
—
a couple of
days
,
a couple of
players
,
a couple of
times
a cupful
of
(一满杯)
—
a cupful
of jelly
,
a cupful of water
a portion
of
(一份/客)
—
a
portion of duck
,
a portion of
roast beef
2
.表示不定量的量词词组,譬如:
a majority
of
(大多数/大半)
—
a
majority of opinions
,
a
majority of votes
an atom
of
(一点)
—
an atom of
food
,
an atom of truth
a spell
of
(一阵/一段时间)
—
a
spell of fine weather
,
a
spell of coughing
3
.表示大量的量词词组,譬如:
a flood
of
—
a flood of
ink
(洋洋大篇),
a flood of
tears
(泪如泉涌)
a heap of
—
a heap
of earth
(一堆泥土),
a heap of
customers
(许多顾客)
a mountain of
—
a
mountain of
debts
(债台高筑)
,
a
mountain of difficulties
(困
难重
重)
4
.表示少量的量词词组,譬如:
a drop
of
—
a drop of
fever
(有点热度),
a drop of
dew
(一点露水)
a particle of
—
a
particle of feeling
(一丝感情),
a
particle of dust
(一点灰尘)
a shadow
of
—
a shadow of
doubt
(一点怀疑),
a shadow of
freedom
(一点自
由)
特点二:
有些数量词组修饰可数名词
,
有些数量词组修饰不可数名词,
还有些则
两者均可修饰。
1
.修饰不可数名词的量词词组,譬如:
a bit of
—
a bit of
English
(一点英语),
a bit of good
advice
(一些好意见),
a
bit of
interest
(一点兴趣)
a shred of
—
a
shred of
evidence
(一点证据)
,
a
shred of
cloth
(少量布)
,
a
shred
of
reputation
(一点声誉)
a sheet of
—
a
sheet of glass
(一块玻璃),
a sheet
of water
(一片汪洋)
2
.修饰可数名词的量词词组,譬如:
a cluster
of
—
a cluster of
flowers
(一簇花)
,
a
cluster of spectators
(一群观众)
,
a cluster of bright
stars
(闪烁群星)
a string of
—
a
string of pearls
(一串珠子),
a
string of
curses
(连续不断的咒
骂),
a
string of excuses
(一连串借口)
a scram
of
—
a scram of mosquitoes
(一群蚊子)
,
a scram of
geese
(一群鹅)
,
a
scram of children
(一群孩子)
3
.修饰(不)可数名词的量词词组
,譬如:
a body
of
—
a body of
bees
(一群蜜蜂),
a body of cold
air
(一股冷空气),
a
body
of facts
(许多事实)
a block of
—
a
block of ice
(一大块冰),
a block
of flats
(一幢公寓),
a block
of houses
(一排房子)
a chain
of
—
a chain of
ideas
(一系列想法),
a chain of acci
dents
(一连串事
故),
a
chain of proof
(一连串证据)
特点三:有些数量词组的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配则比较灵
活。
1
.搭配固定的量词词组,譬如:
a barrel
of
—
a barrel of
beer
(一桶啤酒),
a barrel of crude
oil
(一桶原油)
a basket of
—
a
basket of eggs
(一篮鸡蛋),
a
basket of apples
(一篮苹果)
a line
of
—
a line of
trees
(一行树),
a line of
poetry
(一行诗)
2
.搭配较灵活的量词词组,譬如:
a piece
of
—
a piece of paper
(
一张纸)
,
a piece
of
furniture
(一件家具)
,
a
piece
of
equipment
(一台设备)
a round of
—
a
round of spirit
(一巡酒),
a round
of diplomatic
talks
(一轮外交
谈判),
a
round of toast
(一片烤面包)
a bar
of
—
a bar of
chocolate
(一块巧克力),
a bar of
soap
(一条肥皂),
a bar
of light
(一束光)
在英语里其实没有量词这一词类,在汉语里所说的
一头牛
、
一匹马
、
一只笔
、
一本书
,在英语里
并没有区别:
、
< br>、
、
,
都是冠词后面加上可数名词。
在汉语里有许多简单的物品,在英语里则需要成双成对的表达:
a pair of glasses
(一副眼镜)
a
pair of scissors
(一把剪刀)
a pair of spectacles
(一副眼镜)
a
pair of trousers
(一条裤子)
a pair of pants
(一条裤子)
a
pair of pliers
(一把剪钳)
英语的
... of
...
结构既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词,如:
a piece of paper
(一张纸)
a
piece of information
(一条消息)
an article of
clothes
(一件衣物)
汉语里的表示度量衡量的量词在英语里可以找到相应的表达结构,即
...
of ...
。比如:
a cup of
water
(一杯水)
a
packet of cigarettes
(一盒香烟)
a basket of
vegetables
(一篮子蔬菜)
最有意思的就是英语关于各种动物群体的称呼了,各不
相同。如:
an army of
elephants
(一群大象)
a pack / throng of
wolves
(一群狼)
a batch of dogs
(一群狗)
a brood of
chicks
(一群小鸡)
a hive of bees
(一群蜜蜂)
a host of
monkeys
(一群猴子)
a school of fish
(一群鱼)
a swarm of
locusts
(一群蝗虫)
a team / field of
horses
(一群马)
a
gang of elks
(一群驼鹿)
我们前面讲了英语中量词与汉语中的量词有很多是对应
不上的。
不过汉语中
许多形象量词,在英语里是能够找到对应的
,如:
a head of garlic(
p>
一头蒜
)
;
a drop of
water(
一滴水
);
a flood of moonlight(
一片月光
)
p>
;
a wisp of sm
oke(
一缕烟
)
;
< br>
a pane of glass(
一块玻
璃
)
;
a layer of rock(
一层岩石
)
;
a cloud of smoke(
一团烟雾
)
;
a beam of light(
一束光线
)
;
a
blade of grass(
一片草叶
)
< br>;
a block of wood(
p>
一块木头
)
;
a cube of sugar(
一块方糖
)
;
a
roll of newspaper(
一卷报纸
)
;
a cone of icecr
eam(
一个蛋卷冰淇淋
)
;
a bar of chocolate(
一块巧克力
)
;
a stack of hay(
一堆乾草
)
;
a
loaf of bread(
一个面包
)
;
a grain of rice(
p>
一粒米
)
;
a cake of soap(
一块肥皂
)
;
a
dash of salt(
一撮盐
)
;
a coil of wire(
一卷电线
)
;
a ball of wool(
一个毛线球
)
。
<
/p>
许多形象量词,不仅说明了数量,还有动态和修辞的含意,比如:
a glimmer of hope(
一线希望
p>
)
;
a burst of laughter(
一阵笑声
)
;
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