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英语语法-介词用法与固定搭配

作者:高考题库网
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2021-02-09 21:09
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2021年2月9日发(作者:polly)






英语常用介词







介词的 分类和应用英语介词虽


是小词,数量也不多,但它灵活多变,


随 处可见,功能强大而且难于掌握。在


现代英语中,介词的地位非常重

要。我们切不可小看这个小角色,不


可忽视它的作用。如果你能在英语介

< p>
词上下一番功夫,那么你的英语水平


会有一个飞跃提高。

< br>









英语介词分类


:





按构成形式分


(5



)



1< /p>


.简单介词




across



等。






如:


in




at



,< /p>


on



by


,< /p>


with




d own



for




beside




along





















2


.分词介词



(在英语中有一部分动词的



ing


形式具备介词的性质,



在很多情况下将他们视为介词





如:



including





during





following





considering




regarding



关于,



speaking





judging




talking



等。



3.


双重介词



among



,


中间



如:



from behind



从后面



until after



直到



,



之后



from



4.


合成介词



如:



inside





outside




onto




into




within



5


.短语介词



如:



out of




apart from



(除



之外:别无、尚有),



because of



by means of


用、依靠等



A.


介词短语的词性



--


形容词



1)



常用于做



定语的介词短语的介词




of: a child



with: a man



in: a girl



to: the key



for: a war












of six



with a suitcase



in red



to the door



for money








about: an agreement






about trade








2)



常用于做



表语的介词短语的介词



at: She was



at a loss.



beyond



The road is



beyond the hill




.



in: He




s still




in danger.



of: It







s of no value.



on: He is



out of: I



on guard.


值班




m out of job



.




under: He



s under forty.






3)



用于做宾语补足语:





I saw George



A cold kept him





at work .


in bed



for 7 days.









B.


介词短语的词性



—副词



1


)做状语,主要用于修饰谓语:



He has been here


since Monday .






Bake it is



for two hours.



snakes.



that.



2)


用于


be+adj.


结构:



She is afraid of




I



m sorry about







3)



修饰非谓语动词:




I asked to speak





to the headmaster.



含有介词的短语动词



介词


--


短语动词中的关键角色



1. v.+ prep



agree with/to/on/in,





answer for,


ask for,



come across,



go after, live on, run into, head for, look for/after/at



2. v.+ adv. + prep




等。



从事、爱好



, run out



:


come up to



达到



, go in for



of,


用光


do away with





废除



, keep up with, make up for, put up with





按表达意义分


(3



)









1.



时间介词



,如:


at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until



等。



2.


地点介词



,



如:



at, on, in,





across,


to,


over, between, inside,



outside



等。



3.


其它介词



,如:



by, with, about, except, instead of, due to,













apart from



等。





(一)表示时间的介词:



1



at, on, in



(1) at





表示具体“在某一时刻、某一时点 ”或者把某一短时间看做某一时




at 5:30



at noon



at lunch



at first



at last




5:30 at sunrise



正午时



首先



最后




at midnight





日出时



在半夜




at night






夜间



午饭时


at breakfast



在吃早饭时




of ,,



最后




at the beginning



at the end




)在


,


开始时








of ,,




目前




at the moment




当时


at present




at that time









在那时


at Christmas



,



,


岁时





在圣诞节





at the age of



(2)



on


表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午、早上、晚上”



on Monday


在星期一



on Monday morning



on April 1



st



on April the first



在周末





on the weekend



)在四月一日


第二天晚








on the following day





第二天



on the following day evening













on New Year



s Day



在元旦



on school days






在校期间



on school




s day



在校庆日



on a rainy day



在雨天



on a cold day



在寒冷的一天



泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用





in the morning/afternoon/evening, at



on




night


;但若指具体某一天的上述时段时,则一律用



如:


On the afternoon of May 23.





在五月二十三日下午。



三月十八日早晨我听到一声



I heard a shot on the morning of March 18.



枪响。







(3)



in


表示【泛指的上、下午、晚上】



【在某月、季节、年、世纪】



【表示将


来时间翻译成“在


,,


之后” 】




in the morning/afternoon/evening



in September



in 1999



在九月




1999




在上午


/


下午


/


晚上



in winter



in the 20



th



在冬季






21st



century




20









21


)世纪




in one



s life




在某人一生中



in



two weeks


两周后



in


the future



在我上学期间



在将来






in the daytime



在白天



in my school days



2



for, during, through



(1)



for


“长达


,


之久” (表示过了多长时间)后接一段时间(与数词连用


的时间名词)



多与完成时连用。



I



ve been a soldier for 5 years.



She has been ill for several days.


















我入伍已


5


年了。




她已经病了几天了。




表示“持续一段时间”时,



for



后面必须跟“数字


+


时间名词”,而



during





后决不可接数字。



(2) during



表示“在



,,



期间”




during the night




在晚上



during the fire



在发生大火期间



在吃饭过程中



在他逗留期间他参



during the meeting





在开会期间



during the meal



He visited many nice places during his stay here.



观了许多美丽的地方。





What did you do during the summer vacation?



(3)



through


表示“一直


,,


,自始至终”



They worked hard through the winter.



你在暑假做了什么?





整个冬天他们都在努力工作。





She treated me like her brother through these years.







这些年来她始




终把我当哥哥对待。




3



from, since



(1)



中。



from


表示“等时间的起点” ,作“从


,,


”解,多用于“


from, to/till ,



周一至周五你什幺时间来





You can come anytime from Monday to Friday.



都行。



The exam will start from 9:00am.



from 1995 to 1998.





考试将从上午九点开始。




from


“从


,,


(开始)



”未必持续到现在,如:






1995



年到



1998



年。









s


ince



since


是指“自从


,,


以来一直持续到现 在


一般只与现在完成时连用,而


from


不受此限。











(2)



since


表示“自从


,,


以来(直到现在)






He has been away from home since 1973.





他自从



1973



年就离开了家乡。



我们十年前就认识了。



We have known each other since ten years ago.




for



since


表示一段时间,但


for


与时间段连用,而


since


与时间点连用。




for two hours






(持续)两小时;



since last week



自从上周直到现在






4



before, by, till, until



(1) before



指“在



,,



之前”











Please come before ten o






clock.




10


点以前来。



会议将在下午三点后结束。








The meeting will end after 3:00pm.



表示“在


,,



以前”时,



before





by



基本可通用。但



by



还有“最晚不迟





,



” “截至



,,

< br>为止”之意,此时可与完成时(现在完成、过去完成)连用,


< br> before


一般不与完成时连用。如:




How many models have you made by the end of last month?




截至上月底你做了多少个模型?







(2)



by


指“不迟于,到


,,


时为止,在


,,


以前”


动作完成




I must finish my homework by lunch.





午饭前我必须做完作业。



We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.



到上学期末为止,我们已经学了







1000


多个单词了。



(3)



till (until)


“直到



,,



为止”动作持续到什么时候




You must wait for him till tomorrow.




你必须一直等到他明天。



He didn



t come back until twelve o





clock last night.



他昨晚下到



12


点才回来。




在肯定句中,


till (until)




必须与延续动词连用。若与点动词连用,







till



(until)






只能用于否定句中。







5



after,




in,



within





after



表示“在



,,



之后”



,是



before



的反义词。



We



ll hold a party after dinner.




晚餐后我们将举办晚会。



他患了癌症,一年后去世了。



作连词)



He got a cancer and died after a year.




I



ll phone you after



I arrive.



到达后我给你打电话。(


after





w


ithin


“在


,,


时间之内”



I can finish it within an hour.



我不出一小时就可把它做完。







after





in




after



后可跟时间段,也可跟时间点,如



after school



(放学后),




in


后必须跟一段时间,如



in an hour



(一小时后)。




after



既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时,而



in


只能用于将来时。




after



既可作介词,又可作连词,而



in


只能作介词②


in


“在


,,


时间之



后”



I



ll arrive in an hour.



我一小时后到达。



we



ll meet again in two weeks



我们将会在两周以后再见



We started out for the United States on July the first and after 20



hours



We arrive at Los Angeles Airport



我们



7





1



日出发



20



小时后我们



到达洛杉矶机场



Next week we



re going on a trip


to Hong Kong and after


about a week



we



re visiting Malaysia



下周我们去香港旅游,大约一周后我们访问马来西





in



within



后都必须跟时间段。



(二)表示



“地点、方向



”的介词:



1


、表示地理方位的介词的用法:





in



表示


A


地在


B


地范围之内。如:



Taiwan


is


in


the


southeast



of



China.





to


表示


A


地在


B


地范围之外,即二者之间有



距离间隔。



如:



Japan


lies



to


the


east


of



China.





on


表示


A


地与


B


地接壤、毗邻。如:



North


Korea


is


on


the


east


of



China.





off


表示“离


,,


一些距离或离


,,


不远的海上”。如:



They


arrived



at


a


house


off



the


main



road.



New Zealand


lies



off



the


eastern


coast


of



Australia



2



in outside between, among




in


表示“在


,,


里面”



,如:




















































What



s in the box?





盒子里是什么?



她把书放进了书桌。




She put her book in the desk.




outside


指“在


,,


外面”



There are many people outside the room.



What did your see outside the hall?





房间外有很多人。



你在大厅外看见了什么?





between



,,


之间(指二者)



邮局之间有所医院。



There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office.



The building stands between the park and the small river.



位于公园和小河之间。



在宾馆与






那栋建筑



between


是指“在两者之间” ,而


among


指“在多个之间”。





among



,,


之间(指三者以上)





There is a thief among you.



The policeman shouted to the crowd.




警察向人群喊道:“你们中间有个小偷!









He found his place among the crowd.



他在人群中找到了他的位置。





3



on, above, over, below, under



(1) on




,,



上面,表面相互接触。



There is an apple on the table.



桌上有一个苹果。



山顶有一面旗子。




On the top of the hill, there is a flag.





(2)



above


只表示“在


,,


上方或位置高出


,,



,与



below



相对。



A plane flew above our heads.



The Turners live above us.



There is a bridge over the river.




The picture



(4) below




,,


下方,低于


,,



一架飞机从我们头上飞过。



特纳一家人住在我们的上面。




(3) over


“在


,,


正上方” ,与


under


相对。



河上有一座桥。



那张图挂在黑板的正上方。




is hanging over



the blackboard.





There are many flowers below the window.



Her skirt reaches just below her knees.



(5) under




,,


正下方





窗下有很多花。



她的裙子刚到膝盖下。




They sat under a big tree, drinking.






他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。



你外套里面穿了什么?



What are you wearing under your coat?



4



near, by, beside


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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