-
Lesson 54
Instinct
or cleverness?
是本能还是机智
New words
and expression
生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的,要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
Insect
昆虫
worm
侧重指蚯蚓、蚕、毛虫等
小而无骨的虫。还可以指人或动物体内的
寄生虫
,以及昆虫的幼
虫。
pest
指有害的昆虫或有害的小动物。
害虫
bug
指小昆虫,尤指吸血的臭虫,也可指细菌。
insect
含义广泛,多指蚂蚁
、黄蜂、蝉等等。
六只脚,三部分
parasite
寄生虫
wage
v.
进行
(
斗争
)
If a person, group, or country
wages
a
campaign
or a war
, they start it and continue it
over a period of time.
发
动
(
运动或战争
)
=begin and continue a struggle
=carry on
表示开始进行
=
launch
发起(重大活动、战役)
=undertake to do
着手
--He undertook to inform people
concerned.
wage a war against /on/ upon
就什么方面展开斗争
--Life means perpetual struggle against
poverty.
engage in
不仅开展
,
而且全身心地投入
be
engaged in / be determined on sth / be dedicated
to sth / be devoted to sth
2
、工资、报酬
daily wage
earnings
多指通过劳动或投资等手段所得到的收入。
income
与
< br>earnings
含义很相近,但前者强调总收入。
wage
多用复数形式,指按小时
、日或星期的报酬,通常指体力劳动者的工资。
pay
是个通用词,可取代
salary<
/p>
与
wage.
salary
指按年定下,按月或星期平均给予的报酬,指脑力劳动者的薪
水。
allowance
指收入中的补贴部分。津贴(
eg:
取暖费、
高温补贴)
Kickback
回扣
pension
养老金,退休金
bonus
奖金,分红(年终奖,腾讯有部分是
24-36
个月)
commission
佣金(提供服务,雇佣兵,杀手,
p>
能叫工资吗?
)
另:委托、委员会
fund
基金(专款资金)
foundation
基金会(地
基;房基;基础)(组织,
fund
才是钱)
< br>
contaminate
[k
?n?t?m?
ne
?
t] v.
弄脏
,
玷污<
/p>
书面一些,新闻报道
: make
dirty or bad or impure by mixing with dirty or
poisonous matter
If something is
contaminated by
dirt, chemicals, or
radiation
, they make it dirty or
harmful.
污染
contaminate
指有害或不良脏物传布遍及原本纯净
之物,
常指一种缓慢的、
间接传播的、
意想不到的,
或为
一般手段所无法察觉的变化,如病菌、放射性
尘埃或其他有害化学物质所造成的污染。如果用来形容环境
污染,
pollute
是最好的;
contaminate
形容较小的污染,比如说要检验的样品里混进了细菌就叫做
contaminated specimen
--
Don’t
eat the
apple .It has been contaminated by flies.
--
Don’t
read the
hot story (
黄色书刊
)just because it will contaminate
(
毒害
)your mind.
pollute
v.
污染
pollute
泛指使水面、空气、大气环境变脏,不适于在
其中生活或使用,所涉及的不洁物常常是大宗的、广
泛的、直接可见的。
--The air has been polluted
severely / terribly / badly.
第
1
页
poison
vt
污染
(
较口语化
)
--Gases from
cars are poisoning the air of our city.
provocation
n.
惹怒,激怒
provoke
v.1
、激怒;煽动
(对…挑衅)
2
、引起
=make angry or bad-tempered /
cause
挑衅,引起,激起
--He was provoked beyond his endurance.
--He was provoked and it was more than
he could endure.
他是怒不可遏。
arouse
v.
激起
--The book
arouses /
provokes
my interest.
bring
about / result in / lead to / give rise to
provoke sb
’
s
interest in sth
激起某人兴趣
provoke sb to do / provoke sb into
doing / cause sb to do sth
致使某人做某时
--You
provoked him to say so,why?
Spider
蜘蛛
spider silk
蜘蛛丝
spider web n.
蜘蛛网
Wasp
黄蜂(胡峰)
Bumblebee
[?b?mblbi?]
大黄蜂
hornet
[?h??n?
t]
大黄蜂
BBB
准确的翻译是“熊蜂”——蜜蜂中一些虎背熊腰的种类的统称。
简而言之呢,三点:细腰亚目类的昆虫,大致可分为三类:蚂蚁
/Ant
,蜜蜂
/Bee
,和黄蜂
/Wasp
(胡蜂、黄
蜂,都是一种东西。)
< br>
BBB
是属于蜜蜂
/Bee<
/p>
这一大类的,是熊蜂,个头比较大,可以视为“虎背熊腰的蜜蜂”:一般蜜蜂体长约
1.3cm
,而熊蜂体长在
2.5cm
左右。
Hornet
是黄蜂
/Wasp
这一大类的,
其中
那些个头比较大的
Wasp
被叫做
Ho
rnet
:
亚洲大黄蜂
/Asian
giant hornet
的体长可以达到
4cm
——
BBB
在这种大黄蜂面前就是一顿饭。
从这一点来说,
中文里将
USS Wasp
p>
叫做
“黄
蜂号”,而称
F/A-18
为“大黄蜂”,是相当准确的。
Moth
[m
?θ]
飞蛾
Silkworm
蚕
pupa
[?pju?p?
蛹
larva
[?l
ɑ
?v?
]
幼虫
adult
成虫
Ant
蚂蚁
revulsion [r
??
p>
v
?
l
?
n]
n.
厌恶
(极端厌恶)
八级
对象介词一般用
at
=disgust
n.
厌恶,嫌恶
vt.
使厌恶;使作呕
==
dislike
Be filled with~, feel~
充满,感到
cause~
引起反感
express~
表达反感
conceal~
掩饰反感
Horde
[h
??d]
群
(一大群)
八级
2
、(游牧)部落
tribe
部落
uncanny
[
?n?k?ni]
a.
神秘的
p>
,
不可思议的
(
strange and difficult to
explain
离奇的
程度高
八级
)
The hero, Danny,
bears an
uncanny resemblance
to Kirk
Douglas
主人翁丹尼与柯克·道格拉斯出奇地相像。
mysterious
a.
神秘的
--They are
leading a mysterious life.
--In spite of this ,he
survived mysteriously.
eerie
a.
怪诞
的
,
奇异的
--He looks eerie.
--What he said
is eerie to me.
eerie
['
?
?
r
?
] adj.
引起恐惧的,可怕的
(strange and frightening causing a
feeling of mystery and fear)
the eerie
sound of an owl hoots in the forest at night
夜晚猫头鹰在森林里发出令人恐怖的叫声。
第
2
页
in
the eerie silence
令人恐怖的寂静之中
eerily
ADV
怪异地
;
可怕地
weird
a.
怪异的
,
怪诞的
,
奇异的
--I
can
’
t get along well with
him because he is a weird person.
erase
v.
< br>擦
,
抹去
--Erase the idea from your mind!
--He erases the
name from the namelist.
All men are
created equal. No matter how hard you try you can
never erase those words. That is what America is.
write off
把……勾销,注销
cross
off
把……划去
--The word
is unnecessary here, so it crossed off.
wipe out
完全擦掉
--I want to
write on the blackboard , so I have to wipe all
the words here out.
--I
can
’
t imaging why your are
so hot ,please wipe out sweat on your face.
Praying mantis
螳螂
Mantis
[?
m?nt
?
s]
螳螂
Locust
[?l??
k
?
st]
蝗虫、蚂蚱;洋槐
==grasshopper
p>
蝗虫、蚂蚱
entranced
a.
出神的
entrance
n/vt:
carry away with joy and
delight
[(for
v.)
?n?tr
ɑ
:ns;
(for n.) ?entr?
ns]
n.
入口;进入
vt.
使出神,使入迷
entrance
to the room / hall
介词
to
be entranced
in though
t
想得入了迷
/<
/p>
出了神
介词
in
--I
don’t
know
what he has in his mind, anyway he is entranced in
thought.
be entranced with fear
吓得魂不附体
介词
with
--At the story at night , I was
entranced with fear.
be pleased with /
be satisfied with / be popular with / entranced
with +Performance/film/book
表示入迷
--He was
entranced with film.
--Are you entranced with
the story?
--He listened to the story
entranced.
--The writer watched ants entranced.
形容词做状语
Beetle
甲虫
an
insect with
a hard covering to its
body
dung beetle
[d
??]
n.
(动物的)粪,粪肥;肮脏的东
西
v.
(动物)排泄粪便;施粪肥于
sheltered
adj
伤不着的,无危险的
shelter
通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害。
guard
普通用词,指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。
harbour
贬义词,指隐匿或非法保护、窝藏。
safeguard
语气强
,指采取积极措施预防可能发生的一切攻击或危险。
defend
普通用词,指用武力
或其它措施使人或物不受损害,消除危险。用作比喻时,指坚持某种行动、
决定或意见。
shield
< br>语气比
protect
强
,但侧
重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害。
protect
普通用词,指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害。
Luscious
[?l???
s]
甘美的
(满足感官的)
八级
sweet and juicy
第
3
页
1
、
Luscious food
is juicy and very good to eat.
美味多汁的
If you
describe a woman or something about her as
luscious
, you mean that you
find her or this thing sexually
attractive.
性感的
Cluster
[?kl?
st
?
(r)]
一簇
1
、
n
(同类物丛生或聚集的)簇,团,束,串
2
、
n
A cluster of people or things is
a small group
of them close
together. (
人或物的
)
群,团,组
3
、
V-I If people
cluster
together
, they gather
together in a small group.
(
人
)
结成群
Cluster (together) around
p>
丛生,聚集在
…
周围
in a
cluster
成群的
Aphid
[?e?
f
?
d]
蚜虫
常复数形式
Underside
[??
nd
?
sa
?
d]
n
底面,下侧
Darkside
下面,底面;阴暗面
Colony
[?k?
l
?
ni
一群
(生物学:群体,菌落)
bacterial colony n.
(细菌)菌落;细菌聚落
社科类:殖民地
< br>特化:
(
某一类人的
)
聚居区
semi-
colony
半殖民地
semi-colonial
半殖民的
Old china was a semifeudal and
semicolonial country
[?fju?dl]
adj.
封建制度的;领地的;
colonize
开拓殖民地;移居于殖民地
colonial
殖民的
colonization
殖民;殖民地化
colonialism
殖民主义;殖民政策
colonialist
殖民主义者
colonizer
殖民者;殖民地开拓者
sticky
粘的
stick
vt.
刺,戳;粘贴
vi.
坚持;粘住
n.
棍;手杖;
sticker
贴画
stick
v.
粘住
(
-- stick the envelop
)
n.
信封
stick to
坚持
(
--
stick to the plan / stick to
one
’
s promise
)
n.
许诺
sticky
adj.
粘的
(
-- sticky
fingers
)
sticky
note
便利贴
sticky
business
苦差事
Cling
[kl
??]
v.
粘
(
clung, clung,
clinging
)
vi.
坚持,墨守;紧贴;附着
-- She is always clinging
to
her mother.
be always doing
sth
带有感情。
-- He
clung
to
the hope that he
would succeed.
他怀有成功的希望
Scurry
[?sk?
ri] v
小步跑
(
尤指因受惊而
)
急促跑
[
书面
]
八级
Vi
When people or small animals
scurry
somewhere, they move
there quickly and hurriedly, especially because
they are frightened.
Swarm
[sw
??m]
v
聚集
1
、
n
a~ of
大群
(
蜜蜂等昆虫
flying toge
ther)
;
(
快速移动的
)
一大群人
2
、
vi
(
蜜蜂或其他昆虫
)
大群移动
3
、
vi
(
人群
)
涌往
~ somewhere
4
、
V-I If a place
is swarming
with
people, it is full of
people
moving about
in a
busy way.
挤满
[usu
cont]
ingenuity
[??
nd
???nju??
ti]
n.
机灵
(心灵手巧,善于创新
;
足智多谋)
Ingenuity
is skill at
working out how to
achieve
things
or skill at
inventing
new things
.
善于创新
;
足智多谋
第
4
页
--The boy shows ingenuity
in
making toys.
某方面介词用
in
这男孩在制作玩具方面显得机灵。
ingenious
[
?n?d?i?ni?
s]
有独创性的;机灵的,精制的;心灵手巧的
六级
Text
课文
We have been brought up to fear
insects.
我们
自幼
就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。
或者是“
在什么中长大成人
”
不需要纠结:不定式做主语补足语,补充说
明主语成长过程中的状态,而非目的,
been brought up
自幼
sth/sb be said
/ reported / thought / believed / known / supposed
+ to do sth.
We have been brought up to
eat certain food.
We have learnt to
do
…
表示已经
学会适应
了什么。
--We
have learnt to fear insects.
--Girls have been brought
up to fear mice.
We regard
them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm
than good.
我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。
Regard as
视为,当做
as
短语做宾补
refer to
as
称为,当做
do morn
harm than good
--The
exercise will do you good.
--Smoking
will do you harm.
We
continually wage war on them, for they contaminate
our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops.
人类不断同昆虫斗争,因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物,传播疾病,
吞噬庄稼。
Wage war against /
wage war on them
Disease
,病毒传播快,
spread-spread-spread
一般用主动,一般而言是“传播力”而非“人为传播”
devour
吞噬
v.
狼吞虎咽地吃
有三种意思:
1. eat
like an animal
狼吞虎咽
The dog devours
the cake.
2. destroy
吞灭,席卷
The flame devours the whole
building.
火把整幢楼都吞没了
3. take in eagerly with eyes, ears, or
mind
贪婪地看、听、读(急切地读,这个意思用的最多,如饥似渴)
His eyes devoured the scene.
他两眼贪婪的看着这美丽的风景。
Swallow
vt.
吞咽;忍受;吞没
vi.
吞下;咽下
n.
燕子;一次吞咽的量
They sting or bite without provocation;
they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer
nights, or beat ageist
our lighted
windows.
它们无缘无故地又叮又咬;夏天的晚上,
它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里,或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑
乱撞。
< br>
fly uninvited into our rooms /
without being invited
形容词做状
语,这里是比较典型的用法,虽状语作用,但说的是
they
的
状态
They are uninvited when
they fly into our rooms on summer nights
做定语时,
light
只能用
li
ghted
形式
We live in dread not only of unpleasant
insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite
harmless ones like moths.
我们在日常生活中,不但憎恶
如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫,而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。
书面语中常常借助介词短语,作用:客观化准确化,同之前的多用被动化和名词化一样
第
5
页
口语中
I did so as / because I
believe that you can do it
well.
是因为我相信你能把这项工作做得很好。
书面语中
I did so in
the belief that
…
in the
thought that / in the hope that
in /
under
书面语中常使用
--Even he still lives under
the illusion that country life is much more
beautiful.
--We live under the illusion
that city life is wonderful.
in dread :
in fear
in dread of
害怕什么
the dread
of
…
对什么的恐惧
dread doing
==dread to do
Dread
v.
惧怕
(
vt.
惧怕,畏惧,引申出担心
n.
恐惧,可怕的人(或物);(鸟群的)惊飞)
Dread +
名词
,
动名词
,
动词不定式
-- We were
dreading his arrival.
我们正担心他来呢!
-- He dreaded
having to meet his parents.
-- I dread
to think what will happen if he finds out.
Dreadful
adj.
令人恐惧的
,
令人不快的
-- a
dreadful disaster
可怕的灾难
dreaded
adj.
感到
恐惧的
terrify
vt.
使恐怖
,
恐吓
horrify
v.
使恐怖
,
使极度厌恶
,
惊骇
fear
v.
害怕
,
畏惧
,
为
...
担心
ones : insects
在使用
not only
…
, but
(also)
…
(as well)
句
型时,要
突出介词短语或动词短语中的介词
,则此介词要重复出
现。
--I live in
dread not only of dogs, but of cats.
be
afraid of
--I
am afraid not only of dogs , but of cats.
< br>both
…
and
…
也一样
--We live in dread
of both dogs and cats.
--I am
interested not only in English , but in French.
Reading about them
increases our understanding without dispelling our
fears.
阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解,
却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。
Increase
关于增加
Raise one
’
s
vision
提高
/
开阔眼界
open
one
’
s mind
打开胸怀
expand one
’
s life
platform
扩展平台
p>
注意
without
含有的“转折意”
p>
dispel : erase / get rid of /
remove
消除,去除
Knowing that the
industrious ant lives in a highly organized
society does nothing to prevent us from being
filled with revulsion when we find
hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared
picnic lunch.
即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有
高度组织性的社会里,当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行
时,我们也无法
抑制对它们的反感。
Industriousness
n.
勤奋
arduous
['
ɑ
?dj??
s]
a.
艰苦的,艰难的(
needing a lot of
strength and
effort
)需要付出很多精力,体力
--Studying English is a arduous job.
Life is an ardous journey; so we should
learn to cherish life.
ous
结尾的形容词
industrious [
?
n'd
?
str
??
s]
a
勤奋的,勤勉的,勤劳的
hardworking
普通用词
laborious
[l
?
'b
??r??
s] a
费时费力的,劳神的,
strenuous
['strenj
??
s] a. <
/p>
费力的,艰苦的。须全力以付的,比
arduous
强烈的多,同时表示奋发的
diligent
adj.
勤奋,刻苦的,认真的
名词
diligence
勤奋
六级
第
6
页