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新概念英语第三册笔记第54课上课教案

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2021-02-09 20:08
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2021年2月9日发(作者:丧偶英文)


Lesson 54



Instinct or cleverness?



是本能还是机智



New words and expression


生词和短语



学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的,要把单词放在语句中体会其应用



学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里



Insect


昆虫



worm



侧重指蚯蚓、蚕、毛虫等 小而无骨的虫。还可以指人或动物体内的


寄生虫


,以及昆虫的幼 虫。



pest



指有害的昆虫或有害的小动物。


害虫



bug



指小昆虫,尤指吸血的臭虫,也可指细菌。



insect



含义广泛,多指蚂蚁 、黄蜂、蝉等等。


六只脚,三部分



parasite



寄生虫




wage



v.

进行


(


斗争


)


If a person, group, or country


wages


a


campaign or a war


, they start it and continue it over a period of time.





(


运动或战争


)


=begin and continue a struggle



=carry on



表示开始进行




=


launch


发起(重大活动、战役)



=undertake to do



着手





--He undertook to inform people concerned.


wage a war against /on/ upon



就什么方面展开斗争



--Life means perpetual struggle against poverty.


engage in


不仅开展


,


而且全身心地投入



be engaged in / be determined on sth / be dedicated to sth / be devoted to sth


2


、工资、报酬






daily wage


earnings



多指通过劳动或投资等手段所得到的收入。



income



< br>earnings


含义很相近,但前者强调总收入。



wage



多用复数形式,指按小时 、日或星期的报酬,通常指体力劳动者的工资。



pay



是个通用词,可取代


salary< /p>



wage.


salary



指按年定下,按月或星期平均给予的报酬,指脑力劳动者的薪 水。



allowance



指收入中的补贴部分。津贴(


eg:


取暖费、 高温补贴)



Kickback


回扣





pension


养老金,退休金







bonus


奖金,分红(年终奖,腾讯有部分是


24-36


个月)



commission


佣金(提供服务,雇佣兵,杀手,


能叫工资吗?






另:委托、委员会



fund


基金(专款资金)




foundation


基金会(地 基;房基;基础)(组织,


fund


才是钱)

< br>



contaminate


[k


?n?t?m?


ne


?

< p>
t] v.


弄脏


,


玷污< /p>





书面一些,新闻报道



: make dirty or bad or impure by mixing with dirty or poisonous matter


If something is contaminated by


dirt, chemicals, or radiation


, they make it dirty or harmful.


污染



contaminate


指有害或不良脏物传布遍及原本纯净 之物,


常指一种缓慢的、


间接传播的、


意想不到的,


或为


一般手段所无法察觉的变化,如病菌、放射性 尘埃或其他有害化学物质所造成的污染。如果用来形容环境


污染,


pollute


是最好的;



contaminate


形容较小的污染,比如说要检验的样品里混进了细菌就叫做



contaminated specimen


--


Don’t


eat the apple .It has been contaminated by flies.


--


Don’t


read the hot story (


黄色书刊



)just because it will contaminate (


毒害


)your mind.


pollute




v.


污染



pollute


泛指使水面、空气、大气环境变脏,不适于在 其中生活或使用,所涉及的不洁物常常是大宗的、广


泛的、直接可见的。



--The air has been polluted


severely / terribly / badly.





1





poison



vt


污染


(


较口语化


)




--Gases from cars are poisoning the air of our city.



provocation




n.


惹怒,激怒



provoke





v.1


、激怒;煽动



(对…挑衅)




2


、引起



=make angry or bad-tempered / cause



挑衅,引起,激起



--He was provoked beyond his endurance.





--He was provoked and it was more than he could endure.


他是怒不可遏。



arouse




v.


激起



--The book


arouses / provokes


my interest.


bring about / result in / lead to / give rise to


provoke sb



s interest in sth


激起某人兴趣



provoke sb to do / provoke sb into doing / cause sb to do sth



致使某人做某时



--You provoked him to say so,why?




Spider




蜘蛛



spider silk


蜘蛛丝





spider web n.


蜘蛛网




Wasp




黄蜂(胡峰)



Bumblebee


[?b?mblbi?]



大黄蜂




hornet


[?h??n?


t]


大黄蜂



BBB


准确的翻译是“熊蜂”——蜜蜂中一些虎背熊腰的种类的统称。


简而言之呢,三点:细腰亚目类的昆虫,大致可分为三类:蚂蚁


/Ant

< p>
,蜜蜂


/Bee


,和黄蜂


/Wasp


(胡蜂、黄


蜂,都是一种东西。)

< br>


BBB


是属于蜜蜂


/Bee< /p>


这一大类的,是熊蜂,个头比较大,可以视为“虎背熊腰的蜜蜂”:一般蜜蜂体长约


1.3cm


,而熊蜂体长在


2.5cm


左右。



Hornet


是黄蜂


/Wasp


这一大类的,


其中 那些个头比较大的


Wasp


被叫做


Ho rnet



亚洲大黄蜂


/Asian giant hornet


的体长可以达到


4cm


——


BBB


在这种大黄蜂面前就是一顿饭。


从这一点来说,


中文里将


USS Wasp


叫做


“黄


蜂号”,而称

F/A-18


为“大黄蜂”,是相当准确的。




Moth [m


?θ]



飞蛾



Silkworm







pupa


[?pju?p?







larva


[?l


ɑ


?v?


]


幼虫





adult


成虫




Ant



蚂蚁




revulsion [r


??


v


?


l


?


n]


n.


厌恶



(极端厌恶)


八级






对象介词一般用


at



=disgust


n.


厌恶,嫌恶


vt.


使厌恶;使作呕




==


dislike




Be filled with~, feel~


充满,感到




cause~


引起反感




express~


表达反感




conceal~


掩饰反感




Horde




[h


??d]






(一大群)



八级




2


、(游牧)部落





tribe


部落



uncanny [


?n?k?ni]


a.


神秘的


,


不可思议的




strange and difficult to explain


离奇的



程度高



八级




The hero, Danny,


bears an uncanny resemblance


to Kirk Douglas


主人翁丹尼与柯克·道格拉斯出奇地相像。



mysterious


a.


神秘的



--They are leading a mysterious life.





--In spite of this ,he survived mysteriously.


eerie




a.


怪诞 的


,


奇异的



--He looks eerie.





--What he said is eerie to me.


eerie


['


?


?


r


?


] adj.


引起恐惧的,可怕的



(strange and frightening causing a feeling of mystery and fear)


the eerie sound of an owl hoots in the forest at night


夜晚猫头鹰在森林里发出令人恐怖的叫声。






2





in the eerie silence


令人恐怖的寂静之中



eerily



ADV


怪异地


;


可怕地



weird




a.


怪异的


,


怪诞的


,


奇异的



--I can



t get along well with him because he is a weird person.



erase



v.

< br>擦


,


抹去



--Erase the idea from your mind!




--He erases the name from the namelist.


All men are created equal. No matter how hard you try you can never erase those words. That is what America is.


write off



把……勾销,注销



cross off




把……划去



--The word is unnecessary here, so it crossed off.


wipe out



完全擦掉



--I want to write on the blackboard , so I have to wipe all the words here out.


--I can



t imaging why your are so hot ,please wipe out sweat on your face.



Praying mantis


螳螂



Mantis


[?


m?nt


?


s]


螳螂



Locust



[?l??


k


?


st]


蝗虫、蚂蚱;洋槐





==grasshopper


蝗虫、蚂蚱




entranced




a.


出神的




entrance



n/vt:



carry away with joy and delight




[(for v.)


?n?tr


ɑ


:ns; (for n.) ?entr?


ns]



n.


入口;进入


vt.


使出神,使入迷



entrance to the room / hall



介词


to


be entranced in though


t


想得入了迷


/< /p>


出了神




介词


in



--I


don’t


know what he has in his mind, anyway he is entranced in thought.


be entranced with fear


吓得魂不附体






介词


with



--At the story at night , I was entranced with fear.


be pleased with / be satisfied with / be popular with / entranced with +Performance/film/book



表示入迷



--He was entranced with film.





--Are you entranced with the story?


--He listened to the story entranced.




--The writer watched ants entranced.


形容词做状语




Beetle




甲虫




an insect with


a hard covering to its body



dung beetle



[d


??]





n.


(动物的)粪,粪肥;肮脏的东 西


v.


(动物)排泄粪便;施粪肥于




sheltered




adj


伤不着的,无危险的



shelter



通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害。



guard



普通用词,指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。



harbour



贬义词,指隐匿或非法保护、窝藏。



safeguard



语气强


,指采取积极措施预防可能发生的一切攻击或危险。



defend



普通用词,指用武力 或其它措施使人或物不受损害,消除危险。用作比喻时,指坚持某种行动、


决定或意见。



shield


< br>语气比


protect



,但侧 重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害。



protect



普通用词,指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害。




Luscious


[?l???


s]


甘美的



(满足感官的)




八级





sweet and juicy






3





1



Luscious food is juicy and very good to eat.


美味多汁的



If you describe a woman or something about her as


luscious


, you mean that you find her or this thing sexually


attractive.


性感的




Cluster



[?kl?


st


?


(r)]



一簇



1



n


(同类物丛生或聚集的)簇,团,束,串



2



n



A cluster of people or things is


a small group


of them close together. (


人或物的


)


群,团,组



3



V-I If people


cluster



together


, they gather together in a small group. (



)


结成群




Cluster (together) around



丛生,聚集在



周围





in a cluster



成群的




Aphid



[?e?


f


?


d]


蚜虫




常复数形式




Underside



[??


nd


?


sa


?


d]



n


底面,下侧



Darkside


下面,底面;阴暗面




Colony



[?k?


l


?


ni


一群




(生物学:群体,菌落)



bacterial colony n.


(细菌)菌落;细菌聚落



社科类:殖民地



< br>特化:


(


某一类人的


)


聚居区






semi- colony


半殖民地




semi-colonial


半殖民的



Old china was a semifeudal and semicolonial country




[?fju?dl]


adj.


封建制度的;领地的;



colonize



开拓殖民地;移居于殖民地



colonial


殖民的



colonization



殖民;殖民地化




colonialism



殖民主义;殖民政策




colonialist



殖民主义者




colonizer



殖民者;殖民地开拓者





sticky



粘的



stick



vt.


刺,戳;粘贴


vi.


坚持;粘住


n.


棍;手杖;





sticker


贴画



stick


v.


粘住




-- stick the envelop



n.


信封




stick to


坚持




-- stick to the plan / stick to one



s promise



n.


许诺




sticky


adj.


粘的




-- sticky fingers




sticky note


便利贴





sticky business


苦差事



Cling


[kl


??]



v.





clung, clung, clinging




vi.


坚持,墨守;紧贴;附着



-- She is always clinging


to


her mother.





be always doing sth


带有感情。



-- He clung


to


the hope that he would succeed.


他怀有成功的希望




Scurry



[?sk?


ri] v


小步跑





(


尤指因受惊而


)


急促跑



[


书面


]


八级



Vi



When people or small animals


scurry


somewhere, they move there quickly and hurriedly, especially because


they are frightened.



Swarm


[sw


??m]


v


聚集



1



n



a~ of


大群



(


蜜蜂等昆虫


flying toge ther)



(


快速移动的

< p>
)


一大群人



2



vi (


蜜蜂或其他昆虫


)


大群移动




3



vi (


人群


)


涌往



~ somewhere


4



V-I If a place


is swarming



with


people, it is full of people


moving about


in a busy way.


挤满



[usu cont]




ingenuity


[??


nd


???nju??


ti]


n.


机灵




(心灵手巧,善于创新


;


足智多谋)



Ingenuity


is skill at working out how to


achieve things


or skill at


inventing new things


.


善于创新


;


足智多谋






4





--The boy shows ingenuity


in


making toys.



某方面介词用


in



这男孩在制作玩具方面显得机灵。



ingenious [


?n?d?i?ni?


s]


有独创性的;机灵的,精制的;心灵手巧的



六级




Text


课文



We have been brought up to fear insects.



我们


自幼


就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。

























或者是“


在什么中长大成人




不需要纠结:不定式做主语补足语,补充说 明主语成长过程中的状态,而非目的,


been brought up


自幼



sth/sb be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.


We have been brought up to eat certain food.


We have learnt to do




表示已经

学会适应


了什么。



--We have learnt to fear insects.




--Girls have been brought up to fear mice.



We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good.



我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。



Regard as


视为,当做




as


短语做宾补





refer to as


称为,当做



do morn harm than good



--The exercise will do you good.


--Smoking will do you harm.



We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops.



人类不断同昆虫斗争,因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物,传播疾病, 吞噬庄稼。



Wage war against / wage war on them



Disease


,病毒传播快,


spread-spread-spread


一般用主动,一般而言是“传播力”而非“人为传播”




devour


吞噬




v.


狼吞虎咽地吃



有三种意思:



1. eat like an animal


狼吞虎咽





The dog devours the cake.


2. destroy



吞灭,席卷





The flame devours the whole building.


火把整幢楼都吞没了



3. take in eagerly with eyes, ears, or mind


贪婪地看、听、读(急切地读,这个意思用的最多,如饥似渴)



His eyes devoured the scene.


他两眼贪婪的看着这美丽的风景。



Swallow



vt.


吞咽;忍受;吞没



vi.


吞下;咽下


n.


燕子;一次吞咽的量




They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat ageist


our lighted windows.



它们无缘无故地又叮又咬;夏天的晚上, 它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里,或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑


乱撞。

< br>


fly uninvited into our rooms / without being invited



形容词做状 语,这里是比较典型的用法,虽状语作用,但说的是


they


的 状态



They are uninvited when they fly into our rooms on summer nights

做定语时,


light


只能用


li ghted


形式




We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths.


我们在日常生活中,不但憎恶 如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫,而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。


书面语中常常借助介词短语,作用:客观化准确化,同之前的多用被动化和名词化一样






5





口语中


I did so as / because I believe that you can do it well.


是因为我相信你能把这项工作做得很好。



书面语中



I did so in the belief that



in the thought that / in the hope that


in / under



书面语中常使用




--Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is much more beautiful.


--We live under the illusion that city life is wonderful.


in dread : in fear


in dread of



害怕什么




the dread


of



对什么的恐惧



dread doing ==dread to do



Dread



v.


惧怕





vt.


惧怕,畏惧,引申出担心



n.


恐惧,可怕的人(或物);(鸟群的)惊飞)



Dread +


名词


,


动名词


,


动词不定式



-- We were dreading his arrival.



我们正担心他来呢!


-- He dreaded having to meet his parents.


-- I dread to think what will happen if he finds out.


Dreadful



adj.


令人恐惧的


,


令人不快的



-- a dreadful disaster


可怕的灾难



dreaded



adj.


感到


恐惧的



terrify



vt.


使恐怖


,


恐吓




horrify



v.


使恐怖


,


使极度厌恶


,


惊骇




fear



v.


害怕


,


畏惧


,



...


担心




ones : insects


在使用


not only



, but (also)



(as well)


句 型时,要


突出介词短语或动词短语中的介词


,则此介词要重复出


现。



--I live in dread not only of dogs, but of cats.


be afraid of




--I am afraid not only of dogs , but of cats.

< br>both



and


< p>
也一样



--We live in dread of both dogs and cats.


--I am interested not only in English , but in French.



Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears.



阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解, 却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。



Increase


关于增加



Raise one



s vision


提高


/


开阔眼界




open one



s mind


打开胸怀




expand one



s life platform


扩展平台




注意


without


含有的“转折意”



dispel : erase / get rid of / remove


消除,去除





Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being


filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch.



即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有 高度组织性的社会里,当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行


时,我们也无法 抑制对它们的反感。



Industriousness



n.


勤奋



arduous ['


ɑ


?dj??


s] a.


艰苦的,艰难的(


needing a lot of strength and effort


)需要付出很多精力,体力



--Studying English is a arduous job.





Life is an ardous journey; so we should learn to cherish life.


ous


结尾的形容词



industrious [


?


n'd


?


str


??


s]



a


勤奋的,勤勉的,勤劳的




hardworking


普通用词



laborious



[l


?


'b


??r??


s] a



费时费力的,劳神的,



strenuous



['strenj


??


s] a. < /p>


费力的,艰苦的。须全力以付的,比


arduous


强烈的多,同时表示奋发的



diligent




adj.


勤奋,刻苦的,认真的




名词



diligence


勤奋




六级






6




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