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语法填空解题指导之一——构词法
1.
英语常见构词法有:派生
,复合,转类,缩略,逆生,拟声。例:派生
im-possible,
复合
..
pair-
work
,转类
a glass of
water&water the flower,
缩略
PL
A
,逆生
television
→
televise,
拟
声
shh
2.
派生法:在词根上加前缀或后缀的方式形成新词的一种构词法。
3.
常见前缀:
(
1
)表否
定
/
相反的前缀:
un-,
non-,
ir-,
dis-,
il-,
im-,
de-
counter-,
ab-
eg: unfair,unhappy
nonsmoker,nonsense,nonviolent,
irregular
dislike,disloyal, discontent,
illegal
impossible
decrease
counter-terrorist,
counterstrike
abnormal
(2)
表错语
p>
/
失当的前缀:
mis-
misunderstand,
mislead
(3)
表反抗,反对的前缀:
anti-
antiwar, antisocial
(4)
表程度的前缀:
super-
supermarket, superstar
(5)
表时间的前缀:
pre-, fore- , post-
eg
prewar,
foretell, forecast,
postgraduate, postwar
(6)
表方法的前缀
sub-
subway, submarine,
inter-
international, interaction
(7)
转化为动词的前缀
en-
enlarge
4.
常见后缀:
(1)
动词转化为名词
-(at)ion,
act
→
action, trans
port
→
transportation
-ment ,
arrange
→
arrangement,
mov
e
→
movement
- al ,
approve
→
approval
-ure
please
→
pleasure
-er/or
teach
→
teacher,
edit
→
editor,
act
→
___,
(-ist
science
< br>→
scientist, piano
→
____,art
→
____
-ian
physics
< br>→
physician,
music
→
____)
-ee
p>
employ
→
employee,int
erview
→
_____
-age
cover
→
coverage, s
tore
→
_____
,
marry
→
____
(2)
形容词转化为名词
-ness
ill
→
illness, happ
y
→
____,sad
→
_____
-ity
diverse
→
diversity
, active
→
activity
-ism
social
→
socialism
-ist
allergic
→
allergist
-th
wide
→
width,
long
→
length,
(3)
名词转化为形容词
-y
sand
→
___, sun
→
___,rain
→
___,wind
→
___,cloud
→
____
-ish
England
→
English,
child
→
______,fool
→
_____
-ful
help
→
____,
colour
→
_____,
use
→
____,
joy
→
____
-less
use
→
____, home
→
p>
_____,care
→
_____,
hope
→
____
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