-
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the
following text. Choose the best word(s) for each
numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on
ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Thinner isn’t
always better. A number of studies have __1___
that normal
-
weight
people
are
in
fact
at
higher
risk
of
some
diseases
compared
to
those
who
are
overweight. And
there
are
health
conditions
for
which
being
overweight
is
actually
___2___. For
example, heavier women are less likely to develop
calcium deficiency
than thin women.
___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat
overweight is often an
___4___ of good
health.
Of even greater ___5___ is
the fact that obesity turns out to be very
difficult to
define. It is often
defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI
___7__ body mass
divided by the square
of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is
often considered
to
be
normal
weight.
Between 25
and 30 is
overweight. And
over 30 is
considered
obese.
Obesity,
___8___,can
be
divided
into
moderately
obese,
severely
obese,
and
very severely
obese.
While such numerical
standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is
probably less a
matter of weight than
body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact
extremely fit,
10
others
with
a
low
BMI
may
be
in
poor
11 .For
example,
many
collegiate
and
professional
football
players
12
as
obese,
though
their
percentage
body
fat
is
low.
Conversely, someone
with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13
BMI.
Today
we
have
a(an)
_14
_
to
label
obesity
as
a
overweight
are
sometimes_15_in the media with their
faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity
include
laziness,
lack
of
will
power,and
lower
prospects
for
rs,employers,and
health
professionals
have
been
shown
to
harbor
biases
against
the
obese.
_17_very
young
children
tend
to
look
down
on
the
overweight, and teasing about body
build has long been a problem in
schools.
Negative
attitudes
toward
obesity,
_18_in
health
concerns,
have
stimulated
a
number of
anti
-
obesity _19_.My own
hospital system has banned sugary drinks from
its
facilities.
Many
employers
have
instituted
weight
loss
and
fitness
initiatives.
Michelle
Obama
launched
a
high
-
visibility
campaign
_20_
childhood
obesity,
even
claiming that it
represents our greatest national security
threat.
1. [A] denied
[B] conduced
[C] doubled [D]
ensured
、【答案】
B
concluded
【解析】
题干中，一系列的研究已经
_____
，事实上，正常体重的人的患病
风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研
究的结论，因此
concluded
符合题意，
其他选项
denied(
否认
)
与意义相反，
doubled(
翻
倍
)
与题意较
远，
ensured(
确保
)
不符合题
意，因为研究不能确保后面的事
实，只能得出后面
的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为
B
。
2.
[A] protective
[
B] dangerous [C] sufficient
[D]troublesome
、【答案】
A protective
【解析】
题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有
_____
。根据前文研
究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一
定的保护作用。
Dangerous
和文章意思相反，
sufficient
表示充足，
troub
lesome
表示有麻烦，
不符
合题意
，所以正确答案为
A
。
3.
[A] Instead [B] However
[C]
Likewise
[D] Therefore
、【答案】
C likewise
【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女
人。
_____
，
在老年人中，一定程
度上超重
……
。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词
语。
A
选项
instead
表示逆接的句意关系，
B
选项
however
也表示逆接，
D
选项
therefore
表示因此，只有
C
选项
likewis
e
意为同样
地
;
也，而且。因此正确答案为
C
。<
/p>
4.
[A] indicator
[B] objective [C] origin [D] example
、【答案】
A indicator
【解析】
本句话中，
_____
，
一定程度上超重，
经常是健康的
_____
。
A
选项，
表示指示器，指标。
B
选项
objective
表示客观
;C
选
项
origin
表示来源，
D
选项
example
表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重
代表了健康，因此
超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为
A
。
5. [A] impact [B] relevance
[C] assistance
[D] concern
、【答案】
D concern
【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加
_____
是，很难对肥胖加以定义。
A
、
impact(
印象
);B
、
relevance(
相关性
);C
、
assista
nce(
辅助
);D
、
concern(
关注
)
。前
文
已经说
到肥胖事实上有利健康，
但是又面临一个问题，
到底如何去定义
肥胖，
因
此需要更加关
注的是对肥的定义，
其他选项均不符合题意，
所以正
确答案为
D
。
6.
[A] in terms of
[B] in case
of [C] in favor of [D] in of
、【答案】
A in terms of
【解析】
题干中
,
肥胖经常
______
体质指数，
或称为
BMI
来定义。
A
、
in terms
of
，根据
……
，就
……
而言。
B
、
In case of
表示在某种情况下，
C
、
in favor of
表示赞成，以
……
来取代，
< br>D
、
in respect of
，关于
……
。因此正确答案为
A
。在
医学研究和临床测试中经常使用
BMI
作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，希望考
生能够记住这一背景知
识，方便日后做题。
7. [A] measures [B]
determines
[C] equals [
D]
modifies
、【答案】
C
equals
【解析】本题题干
中
BMI_____
体重除以身高的平方，这里是用文字叙述了
BMI
指数得出的方法，
也就是一个数
学公式，
所以
equal
符合题
意。
A measure(
测
量
)
、
B determine
表示确定
;D modify(<
/p>
修订
)
。句义就是
BMI
等于体重除以身高的
平方。
8.
[A] in essence [B] in contrast
[C] in
turn
[D] in part
、【答案】
C in turn
【解析】
本题题干中，
肥胖
_____
能够分成中度肥胖、
重度肥胖和极度肥胖。
A
、
i
n
essence(
事实上、
实际上
);
B
、
in contrast (
相反
地
);C
、
in
turn(
依次
);
D
、
in part
(
部分地
)
。本句是将肥胖依次分级，所以正确答案为
C
。
9. [A]
complicated [B] conservative [C] variable
[D] straightforward
、【答案】
D straightforward
【解析】
题干中，
相比之下，
这样的数字标准看起来
_____
，
实际上不是的。
A<
/p>
、
complicated (
复杂
);B
、
conservative(
保守
)
、
C
、
variable(
可变的
);D
、
straightforward(
直截了当
);
这里的数字标准指
的就是肥胖指数，肥胖指数分为三
类，而且算法比较
简单，所以
A
复杂不正确，
B
选项保守，用于描述一种数学
公式，不恰当，一名患者或一名受试者的
BMI
一般
是确定的，因此可变
的也不
符合题意，
D
选项
straightforward
表示直截了当，
符
合题意，
因此正确答案为
D
。
??????
10. [A] so
[B] unlike [C] since [D] unless
【答案】
B while
【解析】本句中，一些人有很高的
B
MI
，实际上身材正好，
_____
其
他人有
较低的
BMI
指数，可能
_____
。从前半句我们可以看出，有些人
的
BMI
指数很
高，应该属于体重肥胖的人，事实上身材正好，这里说明的是反常的现象，后半
句是其
他人的
BMI
指数较低，
而
_____
较差。
A
、<
/p>
so(
所
以<
/p>
);B
、
while(
< br>而
);C
、
since(
因
为
);D
、
unless(
除非
)
四个选项中只有
while
有转折的含义，其他选项均不符合
题
意，所以正确
答案为
B
。
11.
[A] shape
[B] spirit [C]
balance [D] taste
、【答案】
A shape
【解析】本题可以简化为：
Some
… are fit, while others … may be in poor .
< br>不
难看出，
前后意义相反，
且<
/p>
fit(
体型健康
)
与
in poor
对应，
与之最相关是
A shape(
外
形
)
，故为
正确答案。
精神
、
均衡
、<
/p>
品味
都相差比较
远，可以排除。
12. [A] start
[
B] quality
[C] retire [D]
stay
12
、【答案】
B qualify
【解析】本题顺应前文意义：有一
些人体型很好，有些人体型体型肥胖。接
下来举例说有些专业足球运动员
是肥胖的，
开始
不符
;
处在
也不符合句意
;
退休
内容无关
;
被认为<
/p>
符合句意，正确。
13.
[A] strange [B] changeable
[C] normal
[D] constant
、【答案】
C normal
【解析】本句不难理解：有些人脂肪过高，但是
BMI
却
。所需词汇明显
是
正向的，排除
A
、
< br>B;D
属中性，且不符合句意，
C(
正常的
)
契合，为正确答案。
14.
[A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity
[
D] tendency
、【答案】
D tendency
【解析】本题解题关键是后半句：
to stigmatize
obesity(
抵毁肥胖
)
，作为划
线
部分的后置定语，将四个选项
选择<
/p>
理由
机会
倾向
代入划线处，最
符合句
意的是
D(
倾向
)
。后面一句也进
一步证实
了
(
出现在媒体中的肥胖者脸都是打了
马赛马的
)
。
15.
[A] employed
[B] pictured
[C] imitated [D] monitored
、【答案】
b pictured
【解析】
空格所在句提到了媒体，<
/p>
根据语境，
上句讲到当今我们都污蔑肥胖，
所以本句的意思应该是媒体污蔑肥胖，四个选项中，跟媒体相关系的词汇只有
b
picture
意思为刻画，描写，描述。
16. [A] [B] combined [C]
settled
[D] associated
、【答案】
D associated
【解析】空格所在句的意思是与肥
胖
_____
的原型包括懒惰，缺乏意志力，
< br>对成功的期望值不高。空格后面提到的懒惰，缺乏意志力和对成功的期望
值不
高都是与肥胖相关的表现，
分析四个选项
，
A.
与。
。
。
相比
;B
与。
< br>。
。
相结合
;C.
和。。。和解
;
都不符合题意，只有
D
与。。。相联系，相关符合句意。
17.
[A] Even
[B]
Still [C] Yet [D] Only
、【答案】
A even
【解析】空格所在句的意思是
___
__
小孩子蔑视超重，而且对身材的嘲笑一
直是学校的一个问题
。
本空格缺少一个副词，
根据语境记忆常识，
< br>此处应该填入
表示让步关系的词汇，分析四个选项，只有
A even
即使符合题意。
18. [A]
despised [B] corrected [C] ignored
[D]
grounded
、【答案】
D
grounded
【解析】根据
语境，空前讲到对肥胖的负面态度，空后讲到对健康的关注，
激发一批反肥胖的
____
。
本句没有出现任何转折词，
说明空前后所表达
的意
思是一致的，反对肥胖，是基于对健康的关注，分析四个选项，能够表达此意思
的词汇，只有选项
D
grounded,
意思是基于。
19. [A] discussions [B]
businesses [C] policies
[D]
studies
、【答案】
D
policies
【解析】
解答此题需要联系空格后面紧跟着的句子。
空后的句子出现了一系<
/p>
列表示同一个语义场的词汇，
比如
hospital system ban; many employers
institute,
指向的意思是一个系统中所出台的政策的问题，
浏览四个选项，
D
选项
pol
icies
符
合题意，直接入选。
20. [A] for
[B]
against
[C] with [D] without
、【答案】
B against
【解析】本段的主题是反对肥胖，本句话属于细节的句子，用
来支持这个主
题，空格所在句讲到米歇尔奥巴马已经发起了一个高知名度的
_____
儿童
肥胖，<
/p>
甚至告诉奥兹博士，
它代表了我们国家最大的安全威胁。
空格中缺少词汇应该含
有反对，反抗的意思，纵观四个选项，只有
B against
符合题意。
Section
II
Reading
Comprehension
Part
A
Directions:
Read
the
following
four
texts.
Answer
the
questions
below
each
text
by
c
hoosing
A,
B,
C
or
D.
Mark
your
answers
on
ANSWER
SHEET.
(40
points)
Text
1
What
would
you
do
with
590m?
This
is
now
a
question
for
Gloria
Macke
nzie,
an
84-year-old
widow
who
recently
emerged
from
her
small,
tin-roofed
h
ouse
in
Florida
to
collect
the
biggest
undivided
lottery
jackpot
in
history.
If
sh
e
hopes
her
new-found
for
tune
will
yield
lasting
feelings
of
fulfillment,
she
c
ould
do
worse
than
read
Happy
Money
by
Elizabeth
Dumn
and
Michael
Norto
n.
These
two
academics
use
an
array
of
behavioral
research
to
show
that
the
most
rewarding
ways
to
spend
money
can
be
counterintuitive.
Fantasies
of
gr
eat
wealth
often
involve
visions
of
fancy
cars
and
extravagant
homes.
Yet
satis
faction
with
these
material
purchases
wears
off
fairly
quickly
what
was
once
e
xciting
and
new
becomes
old-hat;
regret
creeps
in.
It
is
far
better
to
spend
mo
ney
on
experiences,
say
MsDumn
and
Mr
Norton,
like
interesting
trips,
unique
meals
or
even
going
to
the
cinema.
These
purchases
often
become
more
valu
able
with
time-as
stories
or
memories-particularly
if
they
involve
feeling
more
connected
to
others.
This
slim
volume
is
packed
with
tips
to
help
wage
slaves
as
well
as
lotte
ry
winners
get
the
most
bang
for
your
buck.
It
seems
most
people
would
be
better
off
if
they
could
shorten
their
commutes
to
work,
spend
mor
e
time
with
friends
and
family
and
less
of
it
watching
television
(something
th
e
average
American
spends
a
whopping
two
months
a
year
doing,
and
is
hardl
y
jollier
for
it).Buying
gifts
or
giving
to
charity
is
often
more
pleasurable
than
purchasing
things
for
oneself,
and
luxuries
are
most
enjoyable
when
they
are
consumed
sparingly.
This
is
apparently
the
reason
MacDonald's
restricts
the
ava
ilability
of
its
popular
McRib
-
a
marketing
trick
that
has
turned
the
pork
san
dwich
into
an
object
of
obsession.
Readers
of
“HappyMoney”
are
clearly
a
privileged
lot,
anxious
about
fulfil
lment,
not
may
not
quite
buy
happiness,
but
people
in
wealthier
countries
are
generally
happier
than
those
in
poor
ones.
Yet
the
link
between
feeling
good
and
spending
money
on
others
can
be
seen
among
rich
and
poo
r
people
around
the
world,
and
scarcity
enhances
the
pleasure
of
most
things
f
or
most
people.
Not
everyone
will
agree
with
the
authors’
policy
ideas,
which
range
from
mandating
more
holiday
time
to
reducing
tax
incentives
for
Americ
an
homebuyers.
But
most
people
will
come
away
from
this
book
believing
it
was
money
well
spent.
21.
According
to
Dumn
and
Norton,which
of
the
following
is
the
most
re
warding
purchase?
[A]A
big
house
[B]A
special
tour
[C]A
stylish
car
[D]A
rich
meal
、【答案】
B A
special tour
【解
析】细节题。答案定位在第二段的
experiences…l
ike interesting trips…
，意思是
花钱消费在经历方面更好
……
，比
如说有趣的旅行
……
，由此可以得知答案是
B
选项
一场特别的
旅行
。
22.
The
author’s
attitude
toward
Americans’
watching
TV
is
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
、【答案】
A critical
【解析】观点态度题。答案定位在第三段的
< br>
spends a whopping two months a year
doing, and is hardly jollier for it
，意思是
普
通美国人一年花两个月的时间看电视
，并且看电视几乎不可能更愉快
，因此可
以得知作者对于看电视的态度是
A
选项
批判的
。
23.
Macrib
is
mentioned
in
paragraph
3
to
show
that
[A]consumers
are
sometimes
irrational
[B]popularity
usually
comes
after
quality
[C]marketing
tricks
are
after
effective
[D]rarity
generally
increases
pleasure
、【答案】
D
rarity generally increases pleasure
【解析】观点例证题。答案定位在第三段，文章中提到
Mc R
ib
这个例子，
用这个例子证明的论点是
sparingly
，
大意是
有节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦
，
D
选项正是这句论点句的
同义替换。
24.
According
to
the
last
paragraph,Happy
Money
[A]has
left
much
room
for
readers’criticism
[B]may
prove
to
be
a
worthwhile
purchase
[C]has
predicted
a
wider
income
gap
in
the
us
[D]may
give
its
readers
a
sense
of
achievement
【答案】
B
may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
【解析】
细节题。
< br>答案定位在最后一段的最后一句
from this
book believing it was money well spent
，
大意是
大多数人看完这本书后，
认为物有所值
，因此可以推知
B
选项是正确答案。
25.
This
text
mainly
discusses
how
to
[A]balance
feeling
good
and
spending
money
[B]spend
large
sums
of
money
won
in
lotteries
[C]obtain
lasting
satisfaction
from
money
spent
[D]become
more
reasonable
in
spending
on
luxuries
【答案】
A
balance feeling good and spending money
【解析】主旨题。纵观全文可知，
全文主要谈论花钱消费和心情愉悦之间的
关系，因此答案定位在
A
选项。
Text
2
An
article
in
Scientific
America
has
pointed
out
that
empirical
research
sa
ys
that,
actually,
you
think
you’re
more
beautiful
than
you
are.
We
have
a
de
ep-seated
need
to
feel
good
about
ourselves
and
we
naturally
employ
a
number
of
self-enhancing
strategies
to
research
into
what
the
c
all
the
“above
average
effect”,
or
“illusory
superiority”,
and
shown
that,
for
example,
70%
of
us
rate
ourselves
as
above
average
in
leadership,
93%
in
driving
and
85%
at
getting
o
n
well
with
others
—
all
obviously
statistical
impossibilities.
We
rose
tint
our
memories
and
put
ourselves
into
self-affirming
situations.
We
become
defensive
when
criticized,
and
apply
negative
stereotypes
to
other
s
to
boost
our
own
esteem,
we
stalk
around
thinking
we’re
hot
stuff.
Psychologist
and
behavioral
scientist
Nicholas
Epley
oversaw
a
key
studyin
g
into
self-enhancement
and
attractiveness.
Rather
that
have
people
simply
rate
their
beauty
compress
with
others,
he
asked
them
to
identify
an
original
phot
ogragh
of
themselves’
from
a
lineup
including
versions
that
had
been
a
ltered
t
o
appear
more
and
less
attractive.
Visual
recognition,
reads
the
study,
is
“an
a
utomatic
psychological
process
occurring
rapidly
and
intuitively
with
little
or
n
o
apparent
conscious
deliberation”.
If
the
subjects
quickly
chose
a
falsely
flatte
ring
image-
which
must
did-
they
genuinely
believed
it
was
really
how
they
lo
oked.
Epley
found
no
significant
gender
difference
in
responses.
Nor
was
there
any
evidence
that,
those
who
self-enhance
the
must
(that
is,
the
participants
who
thought
the
most
positively
doctored
picture
were
real)
were
doing
so
to
make
up
for
profound
insecurities.
In
fact
those
who
thought
that
the
images
h
igher
up
the
attractiveness
scale
were
real
directly
corresponded
with
those
wh
o
showed
other
makers
for
having
higher
self-este
em.
“I
don’t
think
the
findin
gs
that
we
having
have
are
any
evidence
of
personal
delusion”,
says
Epley.
“It’
s
a
reflection
simply
of
people
generally
thinking
well
of
themselves’.
If
you
are
depressed,
you
won’t
be
self
-enhancing.
Knowing
the
results
of
Ep
ley
‘s
st
udy,it
makes
sense
that
why
people
heat
photographs
of
themselves
Viscerally-
on
one
level,
they
don’t
even
recognise
the
person
in
the
picture
as
themselve
s,
Facebook
therefore
,is
a
self-
enhancer’s
paradise,where
people
can
share
only
the
most
flattering
photos,
the
cream
of
their
wit
,style
,beauty,
intellect
and
l
ifestyle
it’s
not
that
people’s
profiles
are
dishonest,sayscatalinatoma
of
Wiscon
—Madison
university
,”but
they
portray
an
idealized
version
of
themselves.
26.
According
to
the
first
paragraph,
social
psychologist
have
found
that
_
_____.
[A]
our
self-ratings
are
unrealistically
high
[B]
illusory
superiority
is
baseless
effect
[C]
our
need
for
leadership
is
unnatural
[D]
self-enhancing
strategies
are
ineffective
、【答案】
A our self-ratings are
unrealistically high
【解析】题目问
根据第一段，社会心理学家发现了什么
?
对应于文章第一<
/p>
段第三句
社会
心理学家对所谓的
‘
高于均数效应
’<
/p>
或者
‘
虚幻的优越感
’
进行大量
的研究，发现我们中
7
0%
的人认为自己的领导力在平均水平之上
……—
这些数
据明显都是不可能的。
由此可知，我们对自己评价过高。故答案为
[A] our
self-ratings are unrealistically
high
。
27.
Visual
recognition
is
believed
to
be
people’s______
[A]
rapid
watching
[B]
conscious
choice
[C]
intuitive
response
[D]
automaticself-defence
【答案】
C intuitive response
【解析】题目问
< br>
视觉识别被认为是人们的什么
?
对应于文章第三段第三句
视觉识别是自动的心理过程，这个过程
依靠直觉快速发生，且并不是故意的。
由此可知，视觉识别被认
为是人们的直觉反应。故答案为
[C] intuitive
response
。
28.
Epley
found
that
people
with
higher
self-esteem
tended
to______
[A]
underestimate
their
insecurities
[B]
believe
in
their
attractiveness
[C]
cover
up
their
depressions
[D]
oversimplify
their
illusions
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：描写品质的四字成语
下一篇：最新新冠相关全部英语单词