2015年6月英语四级考试真题及答案 (1)

2015

年

6

月大学英 语四级考试真题

Part

Ⅲ

Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section A

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

The

U.S.

Department

of

Education

is

making

efforts

to

ensure

that

all

students

have equal access to a quality education. Today it is 36 the launch of the

Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and

school

districts

support

great

educators

for

the

students

who

need

them

most.

zip code or family income. It is 38 important that we provide teachers and

principals

the

support

they

need

to

help

students

reach

their

full

39

,

U.S.

Secretary

of

Education

Arne

Duncan

said.

Despite

the

excellent

work

and

deep

40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high-

minority

schools

are

unfairly

treated

across

our

country.

We

have

to

do

better.

Local

leaders

and

educators

will

41

their

own

creative

solutions,

but

we

must

work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43

effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who

need them most.

Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access

to

a

quality

education,

a

44

of

President

Obama's

year

of

action

.Later

today,

Secretary

Duncan

will

lead

a

roundtable

discussion

with

principals

and

school

teachers

from

across

the

country

about

the

45

of

working

in

high-need

schools

and

how

to

adopt

promising

practices

for

supporting

great

educators

in

these

schools.

A.

Announcing B. beneficial C. challenges D. commitment

E. component F. contests G. critically H. develop

I. distributing J. enhance K. entitled L. potential

M. properly N. qualified O. retain

Section B

Directions:

In

this

section,

you

are

going

to

read

a

passage

with

ten

statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one

of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is

derived.

You

may

choose

a

paragraph

more

than

once.

Each

paragraph

is

marked

with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 2.

The Changes Facing Fast Food

A

）

Fast-food

firms

have

to

be

a

thick- skinned

bunch.

Health

experts

regularly

criticize

them

severely

for

selling

food

that

makes

people

fat.

Critics

even

complain that McDonald's, whose logo symbolizes calorie excess, should not

have

been

allowed

to

sponsor

the

World

Cup.

These

are

things

fast- food

firms

have

learnt

to

cope

with.

But

not

perhaps

for

much

longer.

The

burger

business

faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting

strategies in response to shifts in the global economy.

B)

Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to

cut spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become

even

more

attractive.

Such

down”

proved

true

for

much

of

the

latest

recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer

afford

to

eat

at

casual

restaurants.

Traffic

was

boosted

in

America,

the

home

of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $$1 menus and cheap

combination meals.

C)

As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than

their more expensive competitors. In 2009

sales at

full-service

restaurants

in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same

at

fast-food

chains.

In

some

markets,

such

as

Japan,

France

and

Britain,

total

spending on fast food increased. Same- store sales in America at McDonald's,

the

world's

largest

fast-food

company,

did

not

decline

throughout

the

downturn. Pan era Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh

ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at

lower prices than restaurants.

D)

But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as

Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people

trade

down

to

fast

food,

many

others

eat

at

home

more

frequently

to

save

money.

David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in

America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly

hard

in

this

downturn

because

they

are

competing

with

the

global

giant

McDonald's,

which

increased

spending

on

advertising

by

more

than

7%

last

year

as others cut back.

E

）

Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to

give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low,

hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be

persuaded

to

order

more

expensive items.

But

in

many

cases

that

strategy

did

not work. Last year Burger King franchisees (

特许经营人

)sued (

起诉

)the

company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for

them to be required to sell these for $$1 when they cost$$1.10 to make. In May

a judge ruled in favor of Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may still

be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones

because items on its

up from 12% last October.

F

）

Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year. But

the downturn is making companies rethink their strategies. Many are now

introducing

higher-priced

items

to

entice < /p>

(

引

诱

)con sumers

away

from

$$1

,

a

division

of

Yum!

Brands,

which

also

owns

Taco

Bell

and

Pizza

Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $$ in May Burger

King introduced barbecue (

烧烤

)pork ribs at $$7 for eight.

G

）

Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items,

including

drinks. McDonald’s

started selling better coffee as a challenge

to Starbucks. Its

in America. Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Best coffee brand to

Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.

H)

As

fast-food

companies

shift

from

size

to

buys

they

need

to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a

big

opportunity,

and

not

just

for

fatty

food.

McDonald’s

will

start

selling

porridge (

粥

)in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to be very

profitable, says Sara Senator of Bernstein, a research firm, because the

margins

can

be

high.

Fast-food

companies

are

also

adding

midday

and

late- night

snacks,

such

as

blended

drinks

and

wraps.

The

idea

is

that

by

having

a

greater

range of things on the menu,

all

day,

says

Rick

Carlucci.,

the

.chief

financial

officer

of

Yum

!

Brands.

I)

But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have

cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing healthy options, like

salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression

of doing something about helping to fight obesity (

肥胖症

).These offerings

are not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to

groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger.

But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries.

J)

In

the

future,

simply

offering

a

healthy

option

may

not

be

good

enough.

packaged-food

and

restaurant

company

I

know

is

concerned

about

regulation

right

now,

says

Mr.

Palmer

of

UBS.

America’s

health-reform

bill,

which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more

outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu. A study

by the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on

Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in 2007, found

that

the

average

calorie-count

per

transaction

fell

6%

and

revenue

increased

3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunlin Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it

is

said,

that

menu-labeling

could

favor

chains

that

have

more

healthy

offerings.

K)

In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food

companies will have to continue innovating (

创新

).Walt Riker of McDonald's

claims the change it has made in its menu means it offers more healthy items

than it did a few years ago.

more

salads,

more

apples

than

any

restaurant

business

in

the

world,

he

says.

But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from

including

toys

in

its

high-

calorie”

Happy

Meals

because

legislators

believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more

left to do.

people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys

to its food specials for children.

47.

Fast-food

fins

may

not

be

able

to

cope

with

pressures

from

food

regulation

in the near future.

48. Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.

49. Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they

are helping to tackle the obesity problem.

50.

During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.

51. Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.

52. During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering

low-priced items often proved ineffective.

53. Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.

54.

Many

fast- food

companies

now

expect

to

increase

their

revenue

by

introducing higher-priced items.

55.

A

newly-passed

law

asks

big

fast- food

chains

to

specify

the

calorie

count

of what they serve on the menu.

Section C

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

If

you

think

a

high-factor

sunscreen

(

防晒霜

)keeps

you

safe

from

harmful

rays,

you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50

reduces the number of melanomas(

黑瘤

)and delays their occurrence, it can't

prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a

higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes,

or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more

common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers

are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.

There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing

melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of

skin

cancer.

A

2011

Australian

study

of

1,621

people

found

that

people

randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas

of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people

with

melanomas

to

1,101

who

didn't

have

the

cancer,

found

that

using

sunscreen

routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying

in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun

protection

not

sunscreen

seemed

most

beneficial.

The

study

relied

on

people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so

it's

not

entirely

reliable.

But

it

seems

reasonable

to

think

sunscreen

gives

people a false sense of security in the sun.

Many

people

also

don't

use

sunscreen

properly applying

insufficient

amounts,

failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.

It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of

sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.

The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce

melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap

campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us,

too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (

抹上

)sunscreen and slap on a hat.

56. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?

A. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.

B. It will protect them from sunburn.

C. It will keep their skin smooth and fair.

D. It will work for people of any skin color.

57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?

A. It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.

B. It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.

C. It is ineffective with long-term exposure.

D. It is ineffective for people with fair skin.

58. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?

A. Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.

B High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.

C. Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.

D. Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.

59. What does the author say about the second Australian study?

A. It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.

B. It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.

C. It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.

D. It confirms the results of the first Australian study.

60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?

A. Using both covering up and sunscreen.

B. Staying in the shade whenever possible.

C. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.

D. Applying the right amount of sunscreen.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than

the 65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional

degree

are

in

the

workforce,

compared

with32%

of

men

with

only

a

high- school

certificate.

This

gap

is

part

of

a

deepening

divide

between

the

well-educated

well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the

incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The

consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.

The

world

is

facing

an

astonishing

rise

in

the

number

of

old

people,

and

they

will

live

longer

than

ever

before.

Over

the

next

20

years

the

global

population

of

those

aged

65

or

more

will

almost

double,

from

600

million

to

1.1

billion.

The

experience

of

the

20th

century,

when

greater longevity

(

长寿

)translated

into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded

many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while

the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.

But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle

old

misses

a

new

trend,

the

growing

gap

between

the

skilled

and

the

unskilled.

Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older

skilled

folk

are

working

longer.

The

divide

is

most

extreme

in

America,

where

well-educated baby-boomers (

二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人

)are putting off

retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the

workforce.

Policy

is

partly

responsible.

Many

European

governments

have

abandoned

policies

that

used

to

encourage

people

to

retire

early.

Rising

life

expectancy

(

预

期

寿

命

),

combined

with

the

replacement

of

generous

defamed-benefit

pension

plans

with less

generous defined-contribution ones,

means

that

even

the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the

changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the

highly

educated,

and

those

people

continue

to

reap

rich

rewards

into

old

age

because

these

days

the

educated

elderly

are

more

productive

than

the

preceding

generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills

that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not

necessarily decline with age.

61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?

A. Younger people are replacing the elderly.

B. Well-educated people tend to work longer.

C. Unemployment rates are rising year after year.

D. People with no college degree do not easily find work.

62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?

A. Longer life expectancies.

B. A rapid technological advance.

C. Profound changes in the workforce.

D. A growing number of the well- educated.

63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th

century?

A. Economic growth will slow down.

B Government budgets will increase.

C. More people will try to pursue higher education.

D. There will be more competition in the job market.

64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?

A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.

B. More people have to receive in- service training.

C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.

D.

People

may

be

able

to

enjoy

generous

defined-benefits

from

pension

plans.

65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?

A. Computers will do more complicated work.

B. More will be taken by the educated young.

C. Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.

D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age.

Part

Ⅳ

Translation ( 30 minutes)

Directions:

For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

30

minutes

to

translate

a

passage

from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on

Answer Sheet 2.

中 国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。中

国现在拥 有世界上发展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了

雄心勃勃的太空 探索计划，其中包括到

2020

年建成一个太空站。目前，中国 是世界

最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元 。

2011

年，中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。

2015

年

6

月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解

Part

Ⅲ

Reading Comprehension

美国教育部正在努力确保所有学 生享有接受高质量教育的乎等权利：今天，它

(36)

宣布开始 实施“为所有学生提供优秀教育工作者”的活动方案。这一方案将帮助各

州和各学区为那 些有最迫切需要的学生提供优秀教育工锋者的支持

.

“所有的孩子

.

不分种族、居住地及家庭收入， 都应

(37)

有权利接受高质量的教育。

为教师和校长们提供帮助学生发挥全部

(39)

潜力所需的支 持是

(38)

至关重要的，

”美

国教育部部长阿恩·邓肯说。

“尽管我们国家的教师和校长们工作出色 且全情

(40)

投

入，全国各地那些极 为贫困及少数民族聚集的学校的学生仍然受到不公正的对待：

我们必须努力做到更好。地 方官员和教育工作者都将

(41)

形成他们自己的创造性解

决方案，但是我们必须共同努力，

(42)

增强我们对于如何更好地为所有学生招募、

支持和

(43)

留住优秀教师和校长的关注，特别是那些最需要他们的孩子们。

”< /p>

今天的公告是改善获得高质量教育权利的又一重要步骤，是奥巴 马总统行动年的一

个

(44)

组成部分 。今天晚些时候，邓肯部长将带领召开与来自全国各地的校长和学

校教师展开的圆桌会议 ，讨论有关在高需求的学校工作面临的

(45)

挑战以及如何采

取有前途的举措以支持在这些学校的教育工作者：

C)challenges

挑战；

D)commitment

投入，承诺；

E)c omponent

组成部分，部

件；

F )contests

比赛；

L)potential

动词：

A )announcing

宣布，宣称；

H)develop

形成，发展；

I)distributing

分发，

散布；

J)enhance

增 强，提高；

K)entitled

使

(

某人

)

有权利；

O)retain

留用

形容词：< /p>

B)beneficial

有利的，有益的；

N)qualified

胜任的，合格的

副词：

G)critically

很大程度上，极为重 要地；

M)properly

合理地，正确地

< br>

36.A)

announcing

。