-
.
.
.
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the
best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10
points)
Thinner
isn
’
t
always
better.
A
number
of
studies
have
__1___
that
normal-weight
people are in
fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to
those who are
overweight.
And
there
are
health
conditions
for
which
being
overweight
is
actually
___2___. For
example, heavier women are less likely to develop
calcium deficiency
than thin women.
___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat
overweight is often an
___4___ of good
health.
Of
even
greater
___5___
is
the
fact
that
obesity
turns
out
to
be
very
difficult
to
define.
It
is
often
defined
___6___
body
mass
index,
or
BMI.
BMI
___7__
body
mass
divided
by
the
square
of
height.
An
adult
with
a
BMI
of
18
to
25
is
often
considered
to
be
normal
weight.
Between
25
and
30
is
overweight.
And
over
30
is
considered
obese.
Obesity, ___8___,can
be divided into moderately obese, severely obese,
and very
severely obese.
While such
numerical standards
seem
9 ,
they are not. Obesity is probably
less
a
matter
of
weight
than
body
fat.
Some
people
with
a
high
BMI
are
in
fact
extremely
fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in
poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and
professional
football
players
12
as
obese,
though
their
percentage
body
fat
is
low.
Conversely, someone
with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13
BMI.
Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label
obesity as a overweight are
sometimes_15_in the media with their
faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity
include
laziness,
lack
of
will
power,and
lower
prospects
for
rs,employers,and
health
professionals
have
been
shown
to
harbor
biases
against
the
obese.
_17_very
young
children
tend
to
look
down
on
the
overweight,
and teasing
about body build has long been a problem in
schools.
Negative attitudes toward obesity,
_18_in health concerns, have stimulated a
number of anti-obesity _19_.My own
hospital system has banned sugary drinks from
its
facilities.
Many
employers
have
instituted
weight
loss
and
fitness
initiatives.
Michelle Obama launched a high-
visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even
claiming that it represents our
greatest national security threat.
1. [A] denied
[B] conduced
[C] doubled [D]
ensured
、【答案】
B concluded
..
.
..
.
.
.
【解析】
题干中，一系列的研究已经
_____
，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于
超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此
concl
uded
符合题意，其他
选项
den
ied(
否认
)
与意义相反，
doubled(
翻倍
)
与题意较远，
ensured(
确保
)
不符合题意，
因为研究不能确保后面的事
实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为
B<
/p>
。
2.
[A]
protective [
B] dangerous [C] sufficient
[D]troublesome
、【答案】
A
protective
【解析】
题干中，对于某些健康情况
，超重事实上是有
_____
。根据前文研究的结论，
超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。
Dange
rous
和文章意思相反，
sufficient
表示充足，
troublesome
表示有麻烦，
不符合题意，所以正确答案为
A
。
3.
[A] Instead [B] However
[C]
Likewise
[D] Therefore
、【答案】
C likewise
【解析】
第三句话中，
较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。
_____
，
在老年人中，
一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句
表示顺接的词
语。
A
选项
instead
表示逆接
的句意关系，
B
选项
however<
/p>
也表示逆接，
D
选项
therefore
表示因此，
只有
C
选项
likewise
意为同样<
/p>
地
;
也，而且
。因此正确答案为
C
。
4.
[A] indicator
[B] objective
[C] origin [D] example
、【答案】
A indicator
【解析】本句话中，
_____
，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的
_____
。
A
选项，表示指示
器，
指标。
B
选项
objec
tive
表示客观
;C
选
项
origin
表示来源
，
D
选项
example
表示例子。
根据前面的文章容，
已经明确指出超重代
表了健康，
因此超重是健康的指标。
因此正确答案
为
A
。
5.
[A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance
[D] concern
、【答案】
D concern
【解析】
本句话的句意是，
需要更加
_____
是，
很难对肥胖加以定义。
A
、
impa
ct(
印象
);B
、
< br>relevance(
相关性
);C
、
assistance(
辅助
);D
、
concern(
关注
)
。前文已经说到肥胖事实上
有利健康，但是
又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关
注的
是对肥的定
义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为
D
。
..
.
..
.
.
.
6.
[A] in terms of
[B] in case
of [C] in favor of [D] in of
、【答案】
A in terms of
【解析】题干中
< br>,
肥胖经常
______
体质指
数，或称为
BMI
来定义。
A
、
in
terms
of
，根
据……，
< br>就……而言。
B
、
In
case
of
表示在某种情况下，
C
、
in
favor
of
表示赞成，
以……
来取代，
D
、
in
respect of
，关于……。因此正确答案为
A
。在医学研究和临床测试中经常
使用
BMI
作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，
希望考生能够记住这一背景知识，
方便日后做题。
7. [A] measures
[B] determines
[C] equals
[
D] modifies
、【答案】
C equals
【解析】本题题干中
BMI____
_
体重除以身高的平方，这里是用文字叙述了
BMI
指数得
出的方法，也就是一个数学公式，所以
eq
ual
符合题
意。
A measure(
测量
)
、
B
determine
表示确定
;D modify(
修订
)
。句义就是
BMI
等于体重除以身高的平方。
8. [A] in
essence [B] in contrast
[C] in
turn
[D] in part
、【答案】
C in turn
【解析】本题题干中，肥胖
____
_
能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。
A
、
in
essence(
事实上、实际上
);
B
、
in
contrast
(
相反地
);C
、
in
turn(
依次
);
D
、
in
part
(
部
分地
)
。本句是将肥胖依次分级，所以正确答案为
C
。
9. [A]
complicated [B] conservative [C] variable
[D] straightforward
、【答案】
D straightforward
【解析】
题干中，
相比之下，
这样的数字标准看起来
_____
，
实际上不是的。
A<
/p>
、
complicated
(
复杂
);B
、
cons
ervative(
保守
)
、
C
、
variable(
可变的
);D
、
straightf
orward(
直截了当
);
这里的数
字标准指
的就是肥胖指数，肥胖指数分为三类，而且算法比较
简单，所以
A
复杂
不正确，
B
选项保守，用于描述一种数学公式，不恰当，一名患者或一名受试者的<
/p>
BMI
一般
是
确定的，因此可变的也不符合题意，
D
选项
straightforward
表示直截了当，符合题意，
因此正确答案为
D
。
??????
10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D]
unless
【答案】
B
while
【解析】本句中，一
些人有很高的
BMI
，实际上身材正好，
_____
其他人有较低的
BMI
指
数，
可能
_____
。从前半句我们可
以看出，有些人
的
BMI
指数很高，应该属于体重肥胖的
..
.
..
.
.
.
人，<
/p>
事实上身材正好，
这里说明的是反常的现象，
后半句是其他人的
BMI
指数较低，
而
_____
较差。
A
、
so(
所
以
);B
、
while(<
/p>
而
);C
、
si
nce(
因为
);D
、
unless(
除非
)
四个选
项中只有
while
有转折的含义，其他选项均不符合题意，所
以正确
答案为
B
。
11.
[A] shape
[B] spirit [C]
balance [D] taste
、【答案】
A
shape
【解析】本题可以简化为：
Some
…
are fit, while others
…
may be in poor .
不
难看出，
前后意义相反，
且
fit(
体型健康
)
与
in
poor
对应，
与之最相关是
A
shape(
外形
)
，
故为正确答案。
精神
、
均衡
、
品味
都相差比较远，可以排除。
12. [A] start
[
B] quality
[C] retire [D]
stay
12
、【答案】
B
qualify
【解析】本题顺
应前文意义：有一些人体型很好，有些人体型体型肥胖。接下来举例说
有些专业足球运动
员
是肥胖的，
开始
不符
;
处在
也不符合句意
;
< br>退休
容无关
;
< br>被认为
符合句意，正确。
13.
[A] strange [B] changeable
[C] normal
[D] constant
、【答案】
C normal
【解析】本句不难理解：有些人脂肪过高，但是
BMI
却
。所需词汇明显
是正向的，排
除
A
、
< br>B;D
属中性，且不符合句意，
C(
正常的
)
契合，为正确答案。
14.
[A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity
[
D] tendency
、【答案】
D tendency
【解析】本题解题关键是后半句：
to stigmatize
obesity(
抵毁肥胖
)
，作为划
线部分
的后置定语，
将四个选项
选择
理由
机会
倾向
代入划线处，
最符合句意的是
D(
倾向
)
。
后面一句也进
一步证实了
(
出现在媒
体中的肥胖者脸都是打了马赛马的
)
。
15.
[A] employed
[B] pictured
[C] imitated [D] monitored
、【答案】
b pictured
【解析】空格所在句提到了媒体，根据语境，上句讲到当今我
们都污蔑肥胖，所以本句
的意思应该是媒体污蔑肥胖，四个选项中，跟媒体相关系的词汇
只有
b picture
意思为刻
画，描写，描述。
..
.
..
.
.
.
16. [A] [B]
combined [C] settled
[D]
associated
、【答案】
D
associated
【解析】
空格所在句的意思是与肥胖
_____
的原型包括懒惰，缺乏意
志力，对成功的期
望值不高。空格后面提到的懒惰，缺乏意志力和对成功的期望
值不高都是与肥胖相关的表
现，分析四个选项
，
A.
与。。。相比
;B
与。。。相结合
;C.
和。。。和解
;
都不符合题意，
只有
D
与。。。相联系，相关符合句意。
17.
[A] Even
[B]
Still [C] Yet [D] Only
、【答案】
A even
【解析】空格所在句的意思是
___
__
小孩子蔑视超重，而且对身材的嘲笑一直是学校的
一个问题
。本空格缺少一个副词，根据语境记忆常识，此处应该填入表示让步关系的词汇，
分析四
个选项，只有
A even
即使符合题意。
18. [A]
despised [B] corrected [C] ignored
[D]
grounded
、【答案】
D
grounded
【解析】根据
语境，空前讲到对肥胖的负面态度，空后讲到对健康的关注，
激发一批反肥胖的
____
。
本句没有出现任何转折词，
说明空前后所表达
的意思是一致的，
反对肥胖，是基于对健康的关注，分析四个选项，能够表达此意思的词
汇，只有选项
D
grounded,
意思是基于。
19.
[A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies
[D] studies
、【答案】
D policies
【解析】
解答此题需要联系空格后面
紧跟着的句子。
空后的句子出现了一系列表示同一
个语义场的词
汇，比如
hospital system ban; many
employers institute,
指向的意思
是一
个系统中所出台的政策的问题，
浏览四个选项，
D
选项
policies
符合题意，
直接入选。
20. [A] for
[B]
against
[C] with [D] without
、【答案】
B against
【解析】本段的主题是反对肥胖，本句话属于细节的句子，用
来支持这个主题，空格所
在句讲到米歇尔奥巴马已经发起了一个高知名度的
_____
儿童
肥胖，<
/p>
甚至告诉奥兹博士，
它
..
.
..
.
.
.
代表了我们国家最大的安全威胁。
空格中缺少词汇应该含有反对，<
/p>
反抗的意思，
纵观四个选
项，只有
B against
符合题意。
Section II
Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four
texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choo
sing A, B, C or D. Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
What would you do with
590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,
a
n 84-year-old widow who recently
emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in
Fl
orida to collect the biggest
undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she
hopes
her new-found for tune will yield
lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could
d
o worse than read Happy Money by
Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.
These two academics use an
array of behavioral research to show that the
mo
st rewarding ways to spend money can
be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great
we
alth often involve visions of fancy
cars and extravagant homes. Yet
satisfactio
n with these material
purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once
exciting
and new becomes old-hat;
regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money
on
experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr
Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals
or
even going to the cinema. These
purchases often become more valuable with
time
..
.
..
.
.
.
-as stories or
memories-particularly if they involve feeling more
connected to
others.
This slim volume is packed
with tips to help wage slaves as well as
lottery
winners get the most
d be better off if they could shorten
their commutes to work, spend more time
w
ith friends and family and less of it
watching television (something the
averag
e American spends a whopping two
months a year doing, and is hardly jollier
for
it).Buying gifts or giving to
charity is often more pleasurable than
purchasin
g things for oneself, and
luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed
sp
aringly. This is apparently the
reason MacDonald's restricts the availability
o
f its popular McRib - a marketing
trick that has turned the pork sandwich into
an object of obsession.
Readers of “HappyMoney” are
clearly a privileged lot, anxious about
fulfi
llment, not may not quite buy
happiness, but people in wealthier
c
ountries are generally happier than
those in poor ones. Yet the link between
fe
eling good and spending money on
others can be seen among rich and poor people
around the world, and scarcity enhances
the pleasure of most things for most
pe
ople. No
t everyone will
agree with the authors’
policy ideas,
which range from
mandating more holiday
time to reducing tax incentives for American
homebuyers.
But most people will come
away from this book believing it was money well
spen
t.
21. According to Dumn and Norton,which
of the following is the most rewardi
ng
purchase?
..
.
..
.
.
.
[A]A big house
[B]A special tour
[C]A stylish car
[D]A rich meal
、【答案】
B A special tour
【解析】细节题。答案定位在第二
段的
experiences
…
like interesting trips
…
< br>
，意思是
花钱消费在经历方面更
好……，比如
说有趣的旅行……
，由此
可以得知答案是
B
选项
一场特别的旅行
。
22.
The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching
TV is
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
、【答案】
A critical
【解析】观点态度题。答案定位在第三段的
< br>
American spends
a
whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly
jollier for it
，意思是
普通美
国人一年花两个月的时间看电视，并且看电视几乎不可能更愉快
，因此可以得知作者对于
看电视的态度是
A
选项
批判的
。
..
.
..
.
.
.
23.
Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that
[A]consumers
are sometimes irrational
[B]popularity usually comes after
quality
[C]marketing tricks are after effective
[D]rarity generally increases pleasure
、【答案】
D rarity generally
increases pleasure
【解析】观点例证题。答案定位在第三段，文章中提到
Mc R
ib
这个例子，用这个例子
证明的论点是
，大意
是
有
节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦
，
D
选项正是这句论点句的同义替换。
24. According
to the last paragraph,Happy Money
[A]has left much room for
readers’criticism
[B]may prove to be a
worthwhile purchase
[C]has predicted a wider income gap in
the us
[D]may give its readers a sense
of achievement
【答案】
B may
prove to be a worthwhile purchase
【解析】细节题。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句
this book believing it was money
well spent
，大意是
大多数
人看完这本书后，认为
物有所值
，因此
可以推知
B
选项是正确答案。
..
.
..
.
.
.
25. This text mainly discusses how to
[A]balance
feeling good and spending money
[B]spend large sums of
money won in lotteries
[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from
money spent
[D]become more reasonable
in spending on luxuries
【答案】
A balance feeling good
and spending money
【解析】主旨题。纵观全文可知，全文主要谈论花钱消费和心情愉悦之间的关系，因此
< br>答案定位在
A
选项。
Text 2
An article in Scientific America has
pointed out that empirical research
sa
ys that, actually, you think you’re
more beautiful than you are. We have a
dee
p-seated need to feel good about
ourselves and we naturally employ a number of
self-
enhancing strategies to
research into what the call the “above average
ef
fect”, or “illusory superiority”, and
shown that, for example, 70% of us rat
e
ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in
driving and 85% at getting o
n well with
others
—
all obviously
statistical impossibilities.
..
.
..
.
.
.
We rose tint
our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming
situations.
We become defensive when
criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to
others
to boost our own esteem, we
stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.
Psychologist
and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a
key studying
into self-enhancement and
attractiveness. Rather that have people simply
rate
their beauty compress with others,
he asked them to identify an original
photog
ragh of themselves’ from a lineup
including versions that had been altered to
appear more and less attractive. Visual
recognition, reads the study, is “an
a
utomatic psychological process
occurring rapidly and intuitively with little
or
no apparent conscious
deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a
falsely
flattering image- which must
did- they genuinely believed it was really how
the
y looked. Epley found no significant
gender difference in responses. Nor was
th
ere any evidence that, those who
self-enhance the must (that is, the
participan
ts who thought the most
positively doctored picture were real) were doing
so to
make up for profound
insecurities. In fact those who thought that the
images h
igher up the attractiveness
scale were real directly corresponded with those
wh
o showed other makers for having
higher self-
esteem. “I don’t think the
findi
ngs that we having have are any
evidence of personal delusion”
, says
Epley.
“I
t’s a reflection
simply of people generally thinking well of
themselves’. If
you are depressed, you
won’t be self
-enhancing. Knowing the
results of Epley
‘s study,it makes
sense that why people heat photographs of
themselves Viscera
lly-
on one
level, they don’t even recognise the person in
t
he picture as thems
elves,
Facebook therefore ,is a
self-
enhancer’s paradise,where people
can shar
e only the most flattering
photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty,
intel
..
.
..
.
.
.
lect and
lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are
dishonest,says catalin
a toma of
Wiscon
—Madison university ,”but they
portray an idealized version o
f
themselves.
26.
According to the first paragraph, social
psychologist have found that _
_____.
[A] our self-
ratings are unrealistically high
[B] illusory superiority is
baseless effect
[C] our need for leadership is
unnatural
[D] self-enhancing strategies
are ineffective
、【答案】
A our
self-ratings are unrealistically high
【解析】
题目问
根据第一段，
社会心理学家发现了什么
?
< br>对应于文章第一
段第三句
社会心理学家对所谓的‘高于均数效应’或者‘虚幻的优越感’进行大量的研究，发现我们<
/p>
中
70%
的人认为自己的领导力在平均水
平之上……—这些数
据明显都是不可能的。
< br>
由此可
知，我们对自己评价过高。故答案为
[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically
high
。
27. Visual
recognition is believed to be
people’s______
[A] rapid watching
[B] conscious choice
[C] intuitive
response
..
.
..