-
口译作业
—
教育政策
部分术语中英对照
国家教育部
Ministry of Education (MOE)
在德育、
智育、
体育、
美育都得到发展
to
develop morally, intellectually,
physically
and
aesthetically/
to
develop
one’s
morality,
intelligence,
physique as well as artistic
appreciation
促进学生德、
智、
体、
美全面发展
ensure that students improve in terms
of their moral, intellectual and
fitness level as well as in their appreciation
of aesthetics
切实减轻中小学生过重的课业负担
effectively
reduce
too
heavy
homework assignments for primary and
secondary school students
培养外语水平较高
,
文化知识较好的毕业生
bring
up
students
who
excel in foreign
language proficiency as well as in other academic
培养复合型人才
produce
students
with
inter-disciplinary
knowledge
and well-rounded abilities
培养独立析和解决问题的能力
cultivate
ability
to
analyze
and
solve
problems independently
培养和吸引各类人才特别是高层次急需人才
we
should
train
and
attract more people with
expertise in all fields, especially people of a
high
caliber and with expertise badly
need in China
虚心使人进步
,
骄傲使人落后
modesty
helps
one
go
forward,
whereas
conceit makes one lag behind
- 1 -
学前教育
preschool
education /Infant school education
初等教育
Primary /
elementary education
中等教育
secondary
education
高等教育
higher education/ tertiary education
成人教育
adult
education
职业教育
vocational education
职业技术教育
vocational
and technical education
素质教育
quality-oriented education/education
for all-around education
在职培训
on-the-job
training/in service training
再就业培训
reemployment training
九年制义务教育
the nine-
year compulsory education
有中国特色的社会主义教育体制
the socialist
educational
system
with
Chinese characteristics
希望工程
Project Hope
辍学儿童
drop-outs
超龄儿童
--- over-age child
学龄儿童
school-age
children
扫盲
elimination/eradication of illiteracy
中国青少年发展基金会
China
Youth Development Foundation(CYDF)
知识经济
knowledge-
based economy
高考
the entrance examinations for regular
colleges and universities
应试教育
examination-
driven education
- 2 -
填鸭式教育
cramming/spoon-feeding method of
teaching
启发式教育
method of elicitation
招生
to enroll/
enrollment
教育适度超前发展
the
appropriate
development
of
future-oriented
education
面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来
to meet the needs of modernization,
the world and the future
终身教育体系
a system
of lifelong education
远程教育
distance learning
优化专业设置
optimize
the division of disciplines
落实高校办学自主权
to
allow
institutions
of
higher
learning
to
make
operating decisions
高校后勤服务社会化
a
system
of
independent
operation
of
support
services in universities and colleges
制止学校乱收费
to curb
arbitrary charges levied by schools
联合国开发计划署
the
United Nations Development Program(UNDP)
联合国儿童基金会
the
United Nations Children’s Fund(UNCF)
联合国科教文组织
the
United
Nations
Educational,
Scientific
and
Cultural
Organization(UNESCO)
科教兴国
developing/rejuvenating/revitalizing
China
through
science
and education
民办大学
non-
government-run colleges and universities
- 3 -
民办教师
citizen-
managed teachers
勤工助学
work-for-study program
性别歧视
gender
stereotyping
开放大学
the Open University
“受教育长才干”计划
“Education to Empower”
project
中华人民共和国教育法
Education
Law
of
the
People's
Republic
of
China
教
育
改
革
发
展
纲
要
the
Outline
for
Educational
Reform
and
Development
半文盲
semi-illiteracy
教育体制改革
Reform on educational
system
深化与加快教育发展
deepened to
accelerate educational development.
学校教育制度
a school education
system
教育形式
Forms of
education
修业年限
/
学习
年限
Length of schooling/period of
schooling
招生对象（条件）
Admission
requirements
培养目标
Educational
objects
采取各种措施保障适龄儿童、少年就学
Adopt every
measure to ensure
children and
juveniles of school age to go to school
职业教育制度
vocational education
system
成人教育制度
adult education
system
学业证书制度
schooling
credentials system
- 4 -
国家教育考试制度
national
examination system of education.
学位制度
academic degree system
教育督导制度
educational inspection
system
教育评估制度
educational
assessment system
教育机构
educational institutions
制定教育发展规划
formulate plans for
educational development
组织机构和章程
organized institution
and constitution
组织实施教育教学活动
organizing and
conducting educational activities
招
收
学
生
或
其
它
受
教
< br>育
者
recruiting
students
or
other
education
receivers
对受教育者颁发相应的学业证书
awarding
corresponding
schooling
credentials upon education receivers
贯彻国家的教育方针
implementing the
state directives on education
执
< br>行
国
家
教
育
教
学
标
准
practicing
the
state
educational
and
teaching/learning
standards
维护受教育者、
教师及其它职工的合法权
益
safeguarding the legitimate
rights and interests of the education
receivers, teachers and other staffs
依法接受监督
submitting to
supervision according to law
教育职员制度
an educational staffs
system for the management
专业技术职务聘任制度
professional-
skills-based
posts
employment
system
教师资格职务聘任制度
a qualification-
based post employment system
- 5 -
受教育者在入学、升学
、就业等方面依法享有平等权利。
Education
receivers
shall
enjoy
equal
rights
in
going
to
school,
entering
higher
school, employment and etc
国
家、
社会、
学校及其它教育机构应当根据残疾人身心特性和需要
实
施教育，并为其提供帮助和便利。
The state, the society, schools and
other educational institutions shall
organize education in consideration of
the physical and mental characteristics
and requirements of the disabled
people
and offer them with assistance and convenience.
继续教育
continuous education
获得奖学金、贷学金、助学金
obtaining
scholarship, loan for education
and
stipend
在学业成绩和品行上获得公正评价
obtaining
fair
assessment
in
terms
of
academic achievements and behavior
学业证书
credentials of
learning/schooling credentials
学位证书
academic degree
credentials
遵守法律、法规
abiding
by law and regulations
遵守学生行为规范
observing conduct
standards of the school
尊敬师长
showing respect to
teachers
养成良好的思想品德和行为习惯
developing
good
ideology,
proper
morale and behavior
habit
学校及其它教育机构在不影响正常教育教学活动的前提下，
应当积极
参加当地的社会公益活动。
Schools
and
other
educational
institutions
- 6 -
shall
take
an
active
part
in
local
public
welfare
activities
under
the
precondition that normal educational
and teaching/learning activities are
not affected.
以
财<
/p>
政
拨
款
为
主
、
其
它
多
种
渠
道
筹
措
教
育
经
费
为
辅
的
体
制
a
mechanism based mainly on financial
allocation and supplemented with
various approaches to raising
educational funds
国家财政性教育经费支出
the
state
educational
investment
by
way
of
financial allocation/the
financial allocation of education funds of the
state
用于教育的地方附加费
added
local
education
fee
for
specific
use
of
education
集资办学
collect funds to run
school
提高教育投资效益
raise the
education investment efficiency
教科书
textbook
教学用图书资料
books
or
materials
for
the
purpose
of
teaching
and
learning
教学仪器、设备
instruments and
equipment for teaching and learning
国家鼓励开展教育对外交流与合作
The
state
shall
encourage
external
exchange and cooperation of education
作弊
malpractice
非正规教育
informal
education
非正规学制时间
non-school days
休学
suspension of
schooling
- 7 -
成绩单
transcript
成绩考核
performance
evaluation
自我评鉴
self-evaluation
教育改革
educational
reform
教育事务
educational affairs
教育经费
education
budget
教师资格证
teacher’s certificate
毕业条件
graduation
requirement
教育发展模式
the development mode
of education
中华人民共和国高等教育法
Higher
Education
Law
of
the
People's
Republic of China
中华人民共和国职业教
育法
V
ocational
Education
Law
of
the
People's
Republic of China
培养具有创新精神和实践能力的高级专门人才
train
senior specialized
talents with
innovative spirit and practical capability
推进高等教育体制改革
press ahead the
reform of the higher education
system
实行民主管理
practice
democratic management
学历教育
curricula education
非学历教育
non-curricula education
全日制和非全日制教育形式
the
educational
forms
of
full-time
system
and non-full-time
system
- 8 -
办学宗旨
aims of establishment of
the institution
办学规模
scale of
the institution
内部管理体制
internal
administrative system
国家财政性资助
state financial
subsidy
学籍管理
to administer
students' school roll
办学水平
Levels of running a
school
教学质量
educational quality
初等教育入学年龄
the starting age for
primary education
优先发展教育
to
prioritize educational development
进一步推进教育改革
to
further
proceed
the
reform
on
educational
system
优化教育结构
to optimize the
structure of education
提高教育质量和效益
to improve
education quality and efficiency
教育政策
educational
policy
社会主义教育体制框架
socialistic
education system framework
中小学失学率
drop-out rates for
primary and junior secondary students
入学率
enrollment rate
教育财政预算
educational budget
教学环境
the schooling conditions
少数民族教育
ethnic minority
education
教育必须为社会主义现代化服务，
必须同
生产劳动相结合，
培养德智
体全面发展的建设者和接班人。
Education
must
serve
the
needs
of
- 9 -