关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

管理学名词解释英文

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-09 18:12
tags:

-

2021年2月9日发(作者:annihilate)


?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



First-line Managers


- Individuals who manage the work of non-managerial employees.


Middle Managers


- Individuals who manage the work of first-line managers.


Top


Managers


Individuals


whoresponsible


formaking


org-wide


decisions&establishing


plans&goals


that


affect


the


entire org.


Organization


- A deliberate arrangement of people assembled to accomplish some specific purpose (that individuals


independently could not accomplish alone).


Effectiveness



“Doing the right things”




Attaining organizational goals


Efficiency



“Doing things right”




Getting the most output for the least inputs


Interpersonal roles






Figurehead, leader, liaison


Informational roles






Monitor, disseminator, spokesperson


Decisional roles







Entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator


Technical skills





Knowledge and proficiency in a specific field


Human skills







The ability to work well with other people


Conceptuals kills


Theabilitytothink&conceptualize about abstract&complex situations concerning the organization


Innovation



Doing things differently, exploring new territory, and taking risks.



Sustainability


-


a


company’s


ability


to


achieve


its


business


goals


and


increase


long


-term


shareholder


value


by


integrating economic, environmental, and social opportunities into its business strategies.


The theory of scientific management



Using scientific methods to define the “one best way” for a job to be done:



Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment


Having a standardized method of doing the job


Providing an economic incentive to the worker


Henri Fayol



Believed that the practice of management was distinct from other organizational functions



Developed principles of management that applied to all organizational situations


Max Weber


Developed a theory of authority based on an ideal type of organization (bureaucracy)


Emphasized rationality, predictability, impersonality, technical competence, and authoritarianism


Organizational Behavior (OB)


study of actions of people at work; p r the most important asset of an org



System -


a set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole.


Closed systems


Are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment (all system input and output is internal)


Open systems


Dynamically


interact


to


their


environments


by


taking


in


inputs


and


transforming


them


into


outputs


that


are


distributed into their environments


Environmental Uncertainty -


the degree


of change and complexity in an organization’s environment.



Environmental


Complexity


-


the


number


of


components


in


an


organization’s


environment


and


the


extent


of


the


organization’s knowledge about those components.



Stakeholders -


any constituencies in the


organization’s environment that are affected by an organization’s decisions


and actions.


Organizational Culture


-


The


shared


values,


principles, traditions,


and


ways


of


doing


things


that


influence


the


way


organizational members act.


Strong Cultures -


Organizational cultures in which key values are intensely held and widely shared.

< p>
做决定八步骤


①确定问题所在。问题是指事物当前状态与理想状态间的差异 。②确定决策标准。决策标准是指在制定决策时什


么因素是相关的。③给标准分配权重。 衡量标准的分量以确定它们在决策中要考虑的先后顺序。④提出备选方案。列出可以解决


问题的可行备选方案。⑤分析备选方案。根据标准评价每个备选方案。⑥选择备选方案。从备选方案中选择最好的 一个方案⑦实


施决策方案。将决策方案付诸实施。⑧评价决策效果。判断问题是否被解决



?




Decision criteria


are factors that are important (relevant) to resolving the problem


?



Rational Decision-Making -


describes choices that are logical and consistent while maximizing value.


?



Bounded


Rationality


-


decision


making


that’s


rational,


but


limited


(bounded)


by


an



individual’s


ability


to


process


information.


?



Satisfice -


accepting solutions that are “good enough.”



决策分析技术


-< /p>


乐观准则


,


悲观准则

,


后悔准则



最大最大


(max- max)


准则



找出每种行动的最好结 果,再从最好结果中找一个更好的做为选择


:



最大最小


(max- min)


准则



找出每种行动的最坏结果


,


再从最坏结果中找一个最好的做为它的选择


:



最小机会损失准则


(


min-max)


也称最小最大后悔准则,它利用机会成本的概 念来进行决策。决策首先要计算机会损失



(


后悔值


)


矩阵


;


机会损失的概念是,当一个事 件发生时,由于你没有选择最优决策



而带来的收入损失



?



Intuitive decision- making


Making decisions on the basis of experience, feelings, and accumulated judgment.



?



Programmed Decision -


a repetitive decision that can be handled by a routine approach.


?



Non-programmed Decisions -


unique and nonrecurring decisions that require a custom-made solution.


?



Structured Problems -


straightforward, familiar, and easily defined problems.


?



Unstructured Problems


problems that are new or unusual and for which information is ambiguous or incomplete.


?



Linear Thinking Style -


a person’s tendency to use external data/facts; the habit of processing information through


rational, logical thinking.


?



Nonlinear


Thinking


Style


-


a


person’s


preference


for


internal


sources


of


information;


a


method


of


processing


this


information with internal insights, feelings, and hunches.


?



Heuristics


-


using “rules of thumb” to simplify decision making.



?



Overconfidence Bias


- holding unreal


istically positive views of oneself and one’s performance.



?



Immediate Gratification Bias


- choosing alternatives that offer immediate rewards and avoid immediate costs.


?



Anchoring Effect


- fixating on initial information and ignoring subsequent information.


?



Selective Perception Bias


selecting, orging&


interpreting events based on the decision maker’s biased perceptions.



?



Confirmation Bias


seeking out information that reaffirms past choices while discounting contradictory information.


?



Framing Bias


- selecting and highlighting certain aspects of a situation while ignoring other aspects.


?



Availability Bias


- losing decision-making objectivity by focusing on the most recent events.


?



Representation Bias


- drawing analogies and seeing identical situations when none exist.


?



Randomness Bias


- creating unfounded meaning out of random events.


?



Sunk Costs Errors


forgetting that current actions cant influence past events&relate only to future consequences.


?



Self-Serving Bias


- taking quick credit for successes and blaming outside factors for failures.


?



Hindsight Bias


mistakenly believing that an event could have been predicted once the actual outcome is known



?



Formal planning


Specific goals covering a specific time period



Written and shared with organizational members



?



Planning


Defining


the organization’s goals


Establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals


?



Developing plans for organizational work activities


?



Strategic Plans



Establish the organization’s overall goals


Seek to position the organization in terms of its environment


Cover extended periods of time


?



Operational Plans


Specify the details of how the overall goals are to be achieved



Cover a short time period


MBO-management by objective


a process of setting mutually agreed-upon goals&using those goals to evaluate employee


performance






Specific performance goals are jointly determined by employees and managers.


Progress toward accomplishing goals is periodically reviewed.


Rewards are allocated on the basis of progress towards the goals.


?



Strategic management -


what managers do to develop the organization’s strategies.



?



Strategies -


the plans for how the organization will do what it’s in business to do, how it will compete successfully, and


how it will attract and satisfy its customers in order to achieve its goals.


?



Business model -


how a company is going to make money.




?



Strategic


management


process


-


a


six-step


process


that


encompasses


strategic


planning,


implementation,


and


evaluation.


?



SWOT analysis


-


an analysis of the organization’s strengths, weaknesses, oppor


tunities, and threats.


?



Core competencies


-


the organization’s major value


-creating capabilities that determine its competitive weapons.

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



本文更新与2021-02-09 18:12,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/622872.html

管理学名词解释英文的相关文章

  • 余华爱情经典语录,余华爱情句子

    余华的经典语录——余华《第七天》40、我不怕死,一点都不怕,只怕再也不能看见你——余华《第七天》4可是我再也没遇到一个像福贵这样令我难忘的人了,对自己的经历如此清楚,

    语文
  • 心情低落的图片压抑,心情低落的图片发朋友圈

    心情压抑的图片(心太累没人理解的说说带图片)1、有时候很想找个人倾诉一下,却又不知从何说起,最终是什么也不说,只想快点睡过去,告诉自己,明天就好了。有时候,突然会觉得

    语文
  • 经典古训100句图片大全,古训名言警句

    古代经典励志名言100句译:好的药物味苦但对治病有利;忠言劝诫的话听起来不顺耳却对人的行为有利。3良言一句三冬暖,恶语伤人六月寒。喷泉的高度不会超过它的源头;一个人的事

    语文
  • 关于青春奋斗的名人名言鲁迅,关于青年奋斗的名言鲁迅

    鲁迅名言名句大全励志1、世上本没有路,走的人多了自然便成了路。下面是我整理的鲁迅先生的名言名句大全,希望对你有所帮助!当生存时,还是将遭践踏,将遭删刈,直至于死亡而

    语文
  • 三国群英单机版手游礼包码,三国群英手机单机版攻略

    三国群英传7五神兽洞有什么用那是多一个武将技能。青龙飞升召唤出东方的守护兽,神兽之一的青龙。玄武怒流召唤出北方的守护兽,神兽之一的玄武。白虎傲啸召唤出西方的守护兽,

    语文
  • 不收费的情感挽回专家电话,情感挽回免费咨询

    免费的情感挽回机构(揭秘情感挽回机构骗局)1、牛牛(化名)向上海市公安局金山分局报案,称自己为了挽回与女友的感情,被一家名为“实花教育咨询”的情感咨询机构诈骗4万余元。

    语文