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高考英语动词短语归纳辨析
一、
break
1.
break
away(from)
突然离开,放弃;
(与
……
)脱离
eg:
The wing of the plane broke
away in mid-air and the plane crashed.
机翼在空中脱落,飞机坠落了。
Can
’
t you break
away from old habits?
你不能戒除旧习惯吗?
2.
break down
vi.
损坏;
(汽车)抛锚;失败
vt.
分解(强调物理变化)
eg: Negotiations have
broken down.
谈判已经破裂了。
The
car/ engine broke down.
汽车
/<
/p>
引擎坏掉了。
Sugar and
starch are broken down in the
stomach.
糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。
A
better method is to take the waste far out to the
sea in ships where the wind and waves break it
down.
一个较好的
办法是用船把废物运到远海,利用那里
的海风和海浪分解这些物质。
3.
break in/into
闯入
,
打断
,
开始工作
eg:
His house
was broken into in the
midnight.
半夜有人闯入他家。
4.
break off
中断
,
折断
,
突然停止
,
脱落
,
暂停
,
断绝
,
解除
eg:
He broke off
in the middle of a sentence.
他一句话还没说完就中断了。
break off an engagement /
conversation
突然解约
/
终止谈话
5.
break out
(
fire, disease, war,
violence
)突发
,
爆发
,
相当于不及物动词,不带宾语,也没有被动语态。
Eg: A fire broke out during the night.
晚上发生一场火灾。
6.
break up
打碎
,
破碎
,
分裂
,
结束
,
衰落
,
分解
(
强调化学变化
),
变坏
,
驱散
eg: The gathering broke up
in disorder.
聚会一哄而散。
The
marriage is breaking up.
婚姻濒临破裂。
The
police broke up the crowd.
警察驱散人群。
二、
bring
1.
bring about
使发生
,
致使
eg: Science
has brought about many changes in our lives.
科学为我们的生活带来许多变化。
What has brought about the quarrel?
这场争吵是怎么引起的?
2.
bring back
拿回来
,
使回忆起来
,
使恢复
eg: Please
bring back the book tomorrow.
请于明天把书拿回来。
Your letter
brought back many memories.
你的来信唤起了许多回忆。
Her stay in the
mountains brought her back to health.
她在山里暂住使她恢复了健康。
3.
bring down
打倒
,
击落
,
打死
,
降低
eg: He brought the bird down with one
shot.
他一枪就把鸟打了下来。
The
government of that country is trying to bring down
the prices for food to please the people.
那国的政府正努力
降低食品价格以取
悦民众。
4.
bring in
生产
,
挣得
,
介绍引进
eg: He does
odd jobs that brings him in 10 to 15 pounds a
week.
他打零工每周可赚十到十五镑。
They brought in experienced
people to help./ They brought experienced people
in to help.
他们请有经验的人来帮忙。
5.
bring…into…
使
……
处于某种状态,使卷入
< br>
第
1
页
共
11
页
eg:
The two countries were brought into war.
两个国家都被卷入了战争。
6.
bring on
引起
,
导致
,
使发展
,
提出
eg:
He was out in the rain all
day and that brought on a bad cold.
他整天在外面淋雨,因此患了重感冒。
bring out
取出,使显示
,
出版
,
生产
,
鼓励说出
eg: The
company began to bring out a new kind of
soap.
这家公司开始生产一种新肥皂。
Alice is very shy, try to bring her
out.
爱丽丝很怕羞,要设法鼓励她说话。
7.
bring (…) to
light
揭露,暴露;
使了解到
eg: The
investigation brought to light many new facts.
调查揭露了许多新情况。
8.
bring up
教育
,
培养
,
提出
, (
军队等
)
调上来
,
呕吐
< br>
eg: He was brought up by his aunt.
他是由他姑姑养大的。
These are matters that you
can bring up in the committee.
这些问题你可以在委员会里提出来。
He brought up his dinner.
他把晚饭吃的东西都吐了。
三、
call
1.
call at +
地点
/ call
on/upon +sb.
访问,走访,拜访;要求
eg:
We called at Mr Johnson
’
s
house yesterday.
我们昨天到约翰家拜访。
We were called
on by our neighbours before we had been settled in
our new home a week.
我们迁入新居还不到一周,
邻居都来探望我们了。
They called
on the writer to make a speech.
他们要求那位作家讲几句话。
2.
call away
叫走
,
转移
,
排解
(常用于被动语态)
eg: He
was called away before I could speak to him.
我还没来得及和他说话,他就被叫走了。
The
doctor is often called away at night.
这位大夫经常夜里被请去出诊。
3.
call for
要求;需要
eg:
Success calls for hard
work.
成功需要勤奋。
4.
call forth
使产生
,
引起
,
使起作用
;振作起,鼓起(勇气、精神等)
eg:
His
behaviour called forth numerous protests.
他的行为引起许多抗议。
You
will have to call forth all your energy.
你必须全力以赴。
5.
call in
召集
,
召来
,
来访;收回(出借的图书、债款、旧币等)
eg:
The army was
called in to help.
部队应召而来帮忙。
The
makers have called in some cars with dangerous
faults.
制造商收回了一些有危险性缺陷的车。
6.
call off
叫走
,
放弃
,
使转移走
,
取消
eg: Please
call off your dog.
叫走你的狗。
They had to
call off the match because of the heavy rain.
由于大雨,他们不得不取消比赛。
7.
call out
出动
,
唤起
,
大声叫唤,给
……
下令罢工
eg;
Why is calling out?
他为什么在叫喊?
The
miners
’
leader called out
his men.
矿工领袖下令矿工罢工。
8.
call up
召唤
,
使想起
,
提出
,
打电话给
eg:
I’
ll call you up if anything
happens.
有事我会打电话给你。
This song called up memories of my
childhood.
这首歌勾起了我对童年的回忆。
四、
carry
1.
carry away
运走
,
使失去自制力
eg: Their
houses were carried away by the flood.
他们的房屋被洪水冲走了。
She was carried
away by the music and started to sing it herself.
她被那乐曲迷住了,情不自禁也唱了起来。
2.
carry off
获得
,
赢得
eg:
Tom carried off all the school prizes.
汤姆赢得了学校所有的奖
第
2
页
共
11
页
3.
carry on
(with)
继续开展
,
坚持
,
举止失常
eg:
Let
’
s carry on (with) our
work.
让我们把这项工作继续下去吧。
Did you notice
how they were carrying on?
你注意到他们的行为多奇怪了吗?
4.
carry out
完成
,
实现
,
贯彻
,
执行
carry out a promise /plan <
/p>
实践诺言
/
实施计划
carry out an experiment
做实验
5.
carry through
进行
,
贯彻
,
使度过(危险、困难等)
eg:
Their courage will carry them through.
他们的勇气会使他们度过难关。
Despite
powerful opposition, they managed to carry their
reforms through.
尽管遇到了强大的阻力
,他们还是设法
进行了改革。
五、
come
1.
come about
产生,发生
eg: How did it come about ?
那事是怎么发生的?
Sometimes it is hard to tell how a
quarrel comes about.
有时很难说清是怎么吵起来的。
2.
come
across
来到
,
偶遇
, <
口
>
给人印象深刻
(无被动形式)
eg: A man
was walking through a wood when he came across a
woodcutter.
一个人正在林子里走着,
这时他偶然
遇见了
一位樵夫。
Your speech came across
very well.
你的演说很受欢迎。
3.
come along
出现
,
发生
,
进步(不及物动词词组)
eg:
When the right opportunity comes along,
he
’
ll take it.
当良机出现时,他会抓住的。
How is your
English coming along?
你的英语学得怎么样?
come down
下来
,
倒塌
,
没落
,
病倒
,
捐钱
,
流传下来
,
垂下
eg: The rain
came down in bucketfuls.
大雨倾盆。
My rich
uncle comes down generously.
我那有钱的叔叔出手很大方。
I
love those legends that have come down to us.
我喜爱那些流传下来的传说。
Her
hair comes down to her waist.
她的头发下垂到腰部。
4.
come into
being
形成
,
产生
(无被动形式)
eg: Thus
the Great Wall came into being.
长城就这样形成了。
5.
come off
离开
,
举行
,
实现
,
成为
eg: The trip came off on schedule.
旅行按计划得以实现。
It was
a clever joke but it didn
’
t
quite come
off.
那笑话不错,但未达到预期效果。
6.
come on
突然产生
,
要求
,
跟着来
,
开始
,
出台
,
上演,快点
,
eg: You go first,
I’
ll come on later.
你先去,我随后就来。
How
’
s your garden
coming on?
你的花园发展的情形如何?
I can feel a
headache coming on.
我觉得快头疼了。
“
Mec
beth
”
is coming on again
next month.
《麦可白》下月将再度上演。
7.
come out
出来
,
长出
,
传出
,
出版
,
被解出
,
露出
,
真相大白
eg: The
stars come out .
星星出来了。
Flowers have
come out.
花开了。
When the news came out,
…
.
当消息传出的时候,
…
.
The
meaning of the passage came out clearly in his
interpretation.
这段文字的意义经他的解释后就明白了。
When will her book come out ?
她的新书什么时候出版?
come over
过来(常和介词
tofrom
连用)
,被理解(
=come
across
)
;突然感到(
~
sb.
)
eg: When did
you first come over to England?
你第一次来英国是什么时候?
A feeling of
faintness came over me, so I had to lie down.
我突然觉得头昏,所以只好躺下了。
第
3
页
共
11
页
8.
come around/round
恢复知觉
,
回来,过访,绕道而来
eg: When he came round he found himself
lying on bed.
9.
come to
复苏
(=come around
,
动副结构
),
达到
,
继承
,
停
止,想起
,
共计(动介)
eg: At last they came to a small
village.
最后他们来到一个小村庄。
I
can
’
t remember her name now
---it
’
ll come to me later.
我一时记不起她的名字,过会儿我会想起来的。
What does the bill come to
?
帐单上共有多少钱?
10.
come up
走近
,
上来
,
发芽
,
流行
,
发生
,
被提出,上升
,
讨论
,
出现(不及物,无被动)
The
seeds haven
’
t come up.
种子还没发芽。
She came up to ask what it was about.
她走过来问是怎么回事。
The
question hasn
’
t come up yet.
问题尚未被提出或被讨论。
六、
cut
1.
cut down
砍倒
,
胜过
,
削减
,
删节
eg: I haven
’
t
given up drinking but
I’
m
cutting down.
我没有戒酒,但是减少了酒量。
He wanted to
have his trousers cut down.
他想把裤子改短一点。
2.
cut in
(
on
)
插嘴
,
插入
,
把
...
插进
eg:
I’
m sorry to
cut in on your conversation.
很抱歉打断你们的谈话。
You nearly caused an
accident by cutting in (on me) like that.
你那样超我的车,差点造成事故。
3.
cut off
切断
,
断绝
eg: His little finger was cut off in an
accident at the factory.
他的小手指在工厂的一次事故中被切掉了。
cut off the gas/
electricity supply
切断煤气
/
电力供应
4.
cut through
抄近路走过
,
刺穿
eg:
Let
’
s cut through the woods
and get ahead of them.
让我们抄近路穿过树林,赶在他们前面。
The
workers are cutting through the hill to build a
road.
工人们在凿山建路。
5.
cut up
切碎
,
使丧气
,
eg: She has bought a machine to cut up
vegetables.
她买了一台切菜机。
Alice was really cut up when her friend
died.
爱丽丝的朋友去世了,她伤心极了。
七、
get
1.
get
along/on(with)
生活
,
融洽相处
,
进展
,
有起色
eg:
How
’
s the work getting
along/ on?
工作进展如何?
Do
you get along well with your classmates?
你和同学们相处得好吗?
2.
get away
逃脱
,
离开
,
把
...
送走
eg: I caught a really big
fish but it got away.
我钓到一条大鱼,可是它逃跑了。
3.
get down
(
p>
从
...)
下来
,
吞下
,
写下
,
使沮丧
eg: Try to
get the medicine down.
设法把药吞下去。
Get down every
word she says.
记下她说的每一句话。
第
4
页
共
11
页
4.
get down to
开始认真考虑
eg: It
’
s hard to
get down to work after a nice holiday.
度过了愉快的假日后,很难认真投入工作。
I really must
get down to writing my report.
我真的要认真写我的报告了。
5.
get in
进入
,
到达
,
收获
,
插入
,
陷入
eg: The plane get in late.
飞机晚点到达。
The students
went to help the farmers get in
crops.
学生们去帮农民收割庄稼。
She got in with the criminals.
她和犯罪分子有瓜葛。
6.
get off
下来
,
脱下
,
出发
,
开始
eg: I
’
d better be
getting off now.
我现在该动身了。
Please get those things off, sir, and
throw them into the
fire.
先生,请把你身上那些东西脱下来扔进火里。
I’
m getting off the train at
the next station.
我在下个车站下车。
The
plane got off at eight on time.
飞机于八点准时起飞。
7.
get out
出去
,
离开
,
逃脱
,
泄露
,
摆脱
,
弄出来
,
说出
,
出版
eg: Somehow the secret got out.
总之秘密被泄露了。
One of the
tigers has got out (of the zoo).
一只老虎(从动物园)跑出来了。
We hope the get
the report out soon.
我们希望很快发表这一报告。
He managed to
get out some words.
他费力地说了几句话。
8.
get over
爬过
,
克服
,
熬过
,
恢复
,
原谅
eg: She finally got over the divorce.
她最终从离婚的创伤中恢复了。
How shall we
get over all these difficulties?
我们如何克服所有这些困难?
9.
get through
到达
,
做完
,
通过
,
度过
,
打通
eg: I left as soon as your message got
through to me.
一接到你的信我就离开了。
As
soon as I get through (with) my work,
I’
ll join you.
我一干完活就去找你们。
Tom failed his
exam but his sister got through.
汤姆不及格,但他妹妹及格了。
I tried to
telephone, but I couldn
’
t
get through.
我给你打电话但是打不通。
10.
get up
起床,
(风、火等)变得猛烈;筹办;演出;研究;穿起
eg: The wind is getting up.
风势开始增强了。
They planned to get up a
party.
他们计划筹办一个聚会。
She has got up
in a new costume.
她穿起一件新装。
She got herself
up like a girl of eighteen.
她把自己打扮得像个十八岁的女孩。
八、
give
1.
give away
送掉
,
分发
,
放弃
,
泄露
,
出卖
,
让步
,
陷下
eg: She gave away all her money to the
poor.
她把所有的钱都给了穷人。
She
made me promise not to give away while it was
hidden.
她叫我答应不要泄露它藏在哪里。
He
was given away to the police.
他被人向警方告发了。
2.
give in
投降
,
屈服
,
让步
,
交上
eg: He has given in to my views.
他已经接受了我的观点。
Please give in your
examination papers now.
现在请将你们的试卷交上来。
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